It Blinks, It Thinks?

Nuncius ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-439
Author(s):  
Flora Lysen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Material Surfaces ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Brain

This article traces attempts in the 1930s to create a spatio-temporal model of the active, living brain. Images and models of electric, illuminated displays – derived from electro-technology and engineering – allowed for a changing imaginary of a brain that was immediately accessible. The example of the Luminous Brain Model, a three-dimensional science education model, demonstrates how the visual language of illumination could serve as a flexible rhetorical tool that offered sensations of liveliness to modern viewers and promised to show a transparent view of a dynamic brain. Alternatively, various scientists in the 1930s used the analogy of the brain as an illuminated electric news ticker to conceptualize temporal patterns of changing brain activity, thus drawing the brain into a new metropolitan sphere of material surfaces with real-time mediation. These two historical imaginaries of blinking brains reveal new trajectories of the ‘metaphorical circuits’ through which technology and cerebral biology are mutually articulated.

scholarly journals The Localization of Activity Sources in a Three-Dimensional Model of the Human Brain Using the Joint Analysis of EEG / sMRI Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
E. Bykova ◽  
A. Savostyanov
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Despite the large number of existing methods of the diagnosis of the brain, brain remains the least studied part of the human body. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most popular methods of studying of brain activity due to its relative cheapness, harmless, and mobility of equipment. While analyzing the EEG data of the brain, the problem of solving of the inverse problem of electroencephalography, the localization of the sources of electrical activity of the brain, arises. This problem can be formulated as follows: according to the signals recorded on the surface of the head, it is necessary to determine the location of sources of these signals in the brain. The purpose of my research is to develop a software system for localization of brain activity sources based on the joint analysis of EEG and sMRI data. There are various approaches to solving of the inverse problem of EEG. To obtain the most exact results, some of them involve the use of data on the individual anatomy of the human head – structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI data). In this paper, one of these approaches is supposed to be used – Electromagnetic Spatiotemporal Independent Component Analysis (EMSICA) proposed by A. Tsai. The article describes the main stages of the system, such as preprocessing of the initial data; the calculation of the special matrix of the EMSICA approach, the values of which show the level of activity of a certain part of the brain; visualization of brain activity sources on its three-dimensional model.

scholarly journals Does Feedback Design Matter? A Neurofeedback Study Comparing Immersive Virtual Reality and Traditional Training Screens in Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Erika Kober ◽  
Johanna Louise Reichert ◽  
Daniela Schweiger ◽  
Christa Neuper ◽  
Guilherme Wood
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Training Performance ◽  
Feedback Design ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Brain

Neurofeedback (NF) is a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) application, in which the brain activity is fed back to the user in real-time enabling voluntary brain control. In this context, the significance of the feedback design is mainly unexplored. Highly immersive feedback scenarios using virtual reality (VR) technique are available. However, their effects on subjective user experience as well as on objective outcome measures remain open. In the present article, we discuss the general pros and cons of using VR as feedback modality in BCI applications. Furthermore, we report on the results of an empirical study, in which the effects of traditional two-dimensional and three-dimensional VR based feedback scenarios on NF training performance and user experience in healthy older individuals and neurologic patients were compared. In conclusion, we suggest indications and contraindications of immersive VR feedback designs in BCI applications. Our results show that findings in healthy individuals are not always transferable to patient populations having an impact on serious game and feedback design.

Spatio-temporal properties of the brain activity during visual infrequent target detection: a neuromagnetic study

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Sunao Iwaki ◽  
Naoya Hirata ◽  
Mitsuo Tonoike ◽  
Masahiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Isao Kaetsu
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals A three-dimensional stochastic spatio-temporal model of cell spreading

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuguang Xiong ◽  
Padmini Rangamani ◽  
Benjamin Dubin-Thaler ◽  
Michael Sheetz ◽  
Ravi Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Non-Linear Mechanisms in the Brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 677-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Mayer-Kress
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Neuron Models ◽  
General Role ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Non-linear dynamical models of brain activity can describe the spontaneous emergence of large-scale coherent structures both in a temporal and spatial domain. We discuss a number of discrete time dynamical neuron models that illustrate some of the mechanisms involved. Of special interest is the phenomenon of spatio-temporal stochastic resonance in which co­herent structures emerge as a result of the interaction of the neuronal system with external noise at a given level punitive data. We then discuss the general role of stochastic noise in brain dynamics and how similar concepts can be studied in the context of networks of con­nected brains on the Internet.

scholarly journals Selfhood triumvirate: from phenomenology to brain activity and back again

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fingelkurts ◽  
Alexander Fingelkurts ◽  
Tarja Kallio-Tamminen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Functional Integrity ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
The Brain

Recently, a three-dimensional construct model for complex experiential Selfhood has been proposed (Fingelkurts et al., 2016b,c). According to this model, three specific subnets (or modules) of the brain self-referential network (SRN) are responsible for the manifestation of three aspects/features of the subjective sense of Selfhood. Follow up multiple studies established a tight relation between alterations in the functional integrity of the triad of SRN modules and related to them three aspects/features of the sense of self; however, the causality of this relation is yet to be shown. In this article we approached the question of causality by exploring functional integrity within the three SRN modules that are thought to underlie the three phenomenal components of Selfhood while these components were manipulated mentally by experienced meditators in a controlled and independent manner. Participants were requested, in a block-randomised manner, to mentally induce states representing either increased (up-regulation) or decreased (down-regulation) sense of (a) witnessing agency (“Self”), or (b) body representational-emotional agency (“Me”), or (c) reflective/narrative agency (“I”), while their brain activity was recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). This EEG-data was complemented by first-person phenomenological reports and standardised questionnaires which focused on subjective contents of three aspects of Selfhood. The results of the study strengthen the case for a direct causative relationship between three phenomenological aspects of Selfhood and related to them three modules of the brain SRN. Furthermore, the putative integrative model of the dynamic interrelations among three modules of the SRN has been proposed.

scholarly journals Mapping Mouse Behavior with an Unsupervised Spatio-temporal Sequence Decomposition Framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Huang ◽  
Yaning Han ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Hongli Pan ◽  
Wenling Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Rodent Behavior ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Motion Features ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractObjective quantification of animal behavior is crucial to understanding the relationship between brain activity and behavior. For rodents, this has remained a challenge due to the high-dimensionality and large temporal variability of their behavioral features. Inspired by the natural structure of animal behavior, the present study uses a parallel, and multi-stage approach to decompose motion features and generate an objective metric for mapping rodent behavior into the animal feature space. Incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) motion-capture system and unsupervised clustering into this approach, we developed a novel framework that can automatically identify animal behavioral phenotypes from experimental monitoring. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework by generating an “autistic-like behavior space” that can robustly characterize a transgenic mouse disease model based on motor activity without human supervision. The results suggest that our framework features a broad range of applications, including animal disease model phenotyping and the modeling of relationships between neural circuits and behavior.

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