Cladistic analysis of the genus Dichaetophora Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and a revised classification

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori J. Toda ◽  
Yao-Guang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among the genus Dichaetophora, the genus Nesiodrosophila and the Lordiphosa tenuicauda species-group and some possibly related genera of Drosophilinae were analyzed in this study using 30 morphological characters derived from 34 species. It is concluded that the three taxa constitute a monophyletic group, within which three monophyletic groups are recognized: Dichaetophora + Nesiodrosophila comprise a monophyletic group, while the L. tenuicauda group is divided into two monophyletic groups. This clade is revised as the genus Dichaetophora, with its three constituent monophyletic groups treated as new specis-groups: the agbo, the tenuicauda and the acutissima groups. Nesiodrosophila becomes a junior synonym. A key to the species-groups is provided.

Phylogenetic analysis and redefinition of the maculata species group of Epicauta (Meloidae: Meloinae: Epicautini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paula Campos-Soldini ◽  
Roig-Juñent Sergio Alberto
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
The North

A cladistic analysis based on 81 morphological characters was performed in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of 11 species ofEpicautafrom South America. We find that the 11 South American species constitute a monophyletic group together with all the North American species of theEpicauta maculatagroup. Within this clade, the 11 species from South America conforms an apical monophyletic group within theE. maculatagroup. We propose to maintain the validity of theEpicauta maculatagroup, but also to redefine it with new characters. The South American species of theEpicauta maculatagroup are also described and illustrated. We propose the following nomenclatural changes:Epicauta rosilloiMartínez, junior synonym ofEpicauta minutepunctataBorchmann;Epicauta fourcadeiDenier, junior synonym ofEpicauta fulvicornis(Burmeister), andEpicauta breyeriDenier, junior synonym ofEpicauta nigropunctataBlanchard. We provide an identification key, new host plant associations, and updated geographic distribution.

scholarly journals Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2264 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO ◽  
CHRISTOPH BÜCKLE
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Apennines ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Group V ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Limited Dispersal

A small sector of Northern Apennines the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines constitutes an interesting diversity centre of a new Verdanus species group closely related to V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group. It consists of three species: V. tyrannus sp. nov., V. saurosus sp. nov. and V. rosaurus sp. nov., the latter with two subspecies, V. rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov. and V. rosaurus rex ssp. nov., which doubtless form a monophyletic group (V. rosaurus group). Data on their distribution, ecology and life cycle are added to their original descriptions. The new taxa live allopatrically in a very restricted area and thus occupy a distribution gap of another species group of Verdanus, the V. abdominalis group, present in Italy in the mountain regions of the Alps and Central and Southern Apennines. A hypothesis of the origin of the new taxa is presented based on the ecological conditions in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines during the last Postglacial period and on the limited dispersal ability of these normally brachypterous insects. Possible synapomorphic characters and phylogenetic relationships of the new taxa with each other and with V. bensoni (China) and the V. limbatellus group (V. limbatellus (Zetterstedt), V. kyrilli (Emeljanov), V. sichotanus (Anufriev), V. kaszabi (Dlabola)) are discussed and a cladistic analysis is conducted. Comparing V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group on the one hand and the V. rosaurus group on the other, some morphological characters appear to change often in parallel on the same paths, independently from the phylogenetic hypothesis. Remarkably, within the same morphological characters the range of variation among species inhabiting the comparatively minute area of the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines is similar to that found among other taxa distributed across vast areas of northern and central Eurasia.

Morphotaxonomic revision of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3577 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI TAKAOKA
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
The Third ◽  
Species Groups

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) Enderlein, the third largest (206 named species included) in the genus Simulium Latreille s. l., is one of the two most abundant and diverse subgenera in the Oriental Region. To provide a classification scheme to facilitate morphological identification of the species within this subgenus, its diagnostic characters are redefined, and nine known species-groups within it are reviewed. Based on putative lineages explored by using certain adult morphological characters, seven more species-groups are proposed: asakoae, darjeelingense, epistum, gombakense, heldsbachense, hemicyclium and palauense species-groups, while the trirugosum species-group is merged in the varicorne species-group. Subgroups are also introduced to represent apparently different lineages within certain species-groups based on certain pupal morphological characters: two in the banauense species-group, seven in the batoense species-group redefined, four in the ceylonicum species-group redefined, four in the epistum species-group, two in the hemicyclium species-group, two in the sherwoodi species-group and four in the varicorne species-group redefined. A new checklist of species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia, and a key to all 15 species-groups within it are provided. The eastward expansion of the geographical distribution of the subgenus Gomphostilbia is inferred on the basis of the more frequent occurrence of apomorphic characters of certain adult and pupal morphological features in insular species-groups than in continental species-groups. A preliminary attempt using a cladistic analysis of morphological characters shows that among 10 subgenera examined, Gomphostilbia has a sister-taxon relationship with the Australasian subgenus Morops Enderlein, and this clade, together with the Central-Western Pacific subgenus Inseliellum Rubtsov, is positioned closest to the most derived clade formed by Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler and Simulium Latreille s. str.

Pedrowygomyia, a new Neotropical genus of Prosimuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae): Gigantodax s. lat. split into two genera

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rafael Miranda-Esquivel ◽  
Sixto Coscarón
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractA cladistic analysis of the species groups recognized in Gigantodax Enderlein, using morphological characters, shows that Gigantodax s. lat. is paraphyletic. From a phylogenetic standing Gigantodax must be split into two monophyletic entities: Gigantodax s. str. and the G. cortesi species group. The new genus Pedrowygomyia is proposed for the G. cortesi species group. It presently contains four species, P. cortesi, P. jatunchuspi, P. punapi and P. chacabamba (all new combinations).

Cryptic species diversity and character congruence: review of the tribe Anthracini (Diptera : Bombyliidae) in Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Yeates ◽  
Christine L. Lambkin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Species Groups

The Australian Anthracini are revised. In all, 28 new species are described, bringing the total fauna to 34 species. The previously described species of Anthrax Scopoli – A. maculatus Macquart, A. incomptus Walker, A. confluensisRoberts, A. lepidiotus Roberts and A. proconcisus Hardy – are diagnosed and the following eight new species of Anthrax are described: A. argentia, A. asciculus, A. clinatus, A. crenatus, A. dolabratus, A. funestus, A. opacus and A. torulus. This taxonomic study reveals a group of at least 20 cryptic species previously included in collections under the name Anthrax angularis Thomson. A new genus, Thraxan, is erected to contain this cryptic group of species and the following 20 new species are described: T. acutus, T. abditus, T. caligneus, T. cinctus, T. cornuatus, T. depressus, T. echinatus, T. ebenus, T. emicatus, T. hamulus, T. luteus, T. misatulus, T. nodus, T. norrisi, T. obstipus, T. patielus, T. planus, T. prolatus, T. simulatusand T. spiculus. Many of these cryptic species have been collected sympatrically, hill topping together in eastern Australia. A key is provided to the species of Anthrax and Thraxan, genitalia drawings are presented for most species and distribution maps of all species are presented. A cladistic analysis of the species of Anthrax and Thraxan is also presented. A total of 26 of the species is compared for 125 synapomorphies in 39 adult morphological characters. Three species-groups were found: Thraxan, and two species-groups within Anthrax, the A. proconcisus species-group and the A. maculatusspecies-group. Previous authors divided Anthrax into species-groups on the basis of wing patterns, but found that these species-groups were not confirmed when other characters were taken into consideration. We studied the congruence of seven different character sets within the clade comprising Anthrax and Thraxan – antennae, venation, wing patterns, vestiture, genitalia, male genitalia and female genitalia – using several incongruence indices. Significance of incongruence was measured using a randomisation procedure. Results of these studies indicate that the wing-pattern character set is significantly incongruent with the other morphological data. These quantitative cladistic results explain the difficulty previous authors experienced in finding suites of characters to support species-groups in Anthrax on the basis of wing patterns. A relationship is found between the level of incongruence and the distance over which mate-recognition signals operate.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Phylogenetic analysis and preliminary classification of the Parathalassiinae (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4648 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. CUMMING ◽  
SCOTT E. BROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Present Concept ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Preliminary Classification ◽  
Generic Relationships

Phylogenetic relationships of the subgroups of Parathalassiinae are presented, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Worldwide, all known extant genera, species groups and newly discovered undescribed lineages are represented in the analysis. Some previously proposed generic relationships are supported by the analysis, but recognition of many current genera renders the present concept of Microphorella Becker as both paraphyletic and polyphyletic. Microphorella merzi Gatt is here classified in Eothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, as Eothalassius merzi (Gatt) comb. nov. A preliminary classification with all included extant lineages within the Parathalassiinae (at the genus and species group level) is outlined. The ranking of these lineages is discussed and several species groups of Microphorella may need to be elevated to generic or subgeneric level, whereas some currently recognized genera may need to be relegated to subgenera. 

Phylogenetic relationships within the fruit fly genus Ceratitis MacLeay (Diptera: Tephritidae), derived from morphological and host plant evidence

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc De Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

AbstractThe fruit fly genus Ceratitis is mainly an Afrotropical taxon which includes several pest species of agricultural importance. The 89 currently recognized species are arranged in six subgenera: Ceratitis s.s., Pardalaspis, Ceratalaspis, Pterandrus and the monotypic Hoplolophomyia and Acropteromma. Two non-monotypic subgenera lack evidence for monophyly, and the interrelationships between and within the subgenera are poorly understood. A cladistic analysis was performed, based on a suite of 95 characters from adult morphology and host plant specificity for all species within the genus. The analysis strongly supports the monophyly of the subgenera Pardalaspis and Ceratitis s.s. whereas the monophyly of the subgenus Pterandrus is poorly supported and the subgenus Ceratalaspis clearly is not monophyletic. Species groups within Pterandrus and Ceratalaspis are recognized and their interrelationships are discussed. The monotypic Hoplolophomyia belongs to the argenteobrunnea species group of Ceratalaspis whereas the position of Acropteromma probably is outside the genus Ceratitis.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Paulsoni species group (Decapoda : Alpheidae) from the American Pacific, with implications for the phylogenetic classification of the genus Synalpheus

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1744 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARITA HERMOSO-SALAZAR ◽  
MARY WICKSTEN ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Species Groups

A cladistic analysis of 22 species of Synalpheus, represented primarily by species of the Paulsoni species group from the American Pacific and selected species from the Gambarelloides, Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups was undertaken, based on 51 morphological characters. The Paulsoni species group proved to be paraphyletic, because species of the Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups nested within it. It is proposed herein that in order to achieve a more natural classification, only two groups should be maintained within Synalpheus: Gambarelloides and Paulsoni, the latter in its broadest sense, treating the remaining species groups as synonyms.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

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