Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
REBECCA L. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Antarctic

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis, this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

Phylogenetic analysis of the rumen ciliate family Ophryoscolecidae based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, with new sequences fromDiplodinium,Eudiplodinium, andOphryoscolex

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
André-Denis G. Wright ◽  
Denis H. Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Sequences ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the largest family of entodiniomorphid rumen ciliates, the Ophryoscolecidae, were inferred from comparisons of small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. These included three new sequences from Diplodinium dentatum (1638 base pairs (bp)), Eudiplodinium maggii (1637 bp), and Ophryoscolex purkynjei (1636 bp). Using morphological characters, Lubinsky constructed a cladogram of the Ophryoscolecidae, and on the basis of his analysis, he divided the family into three subfamilies (Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, Ophryoscolecinae) to reflect his "natural" groupings (G. Lubinsky. 1957. Can. J. Zool. 35: 141 – 159). Our cladistic analysis, based on the limited morphological and ultrastructural data available, indicates that there are no synapomorphies supporting the Diplodiniinae sensu Lubinsky. However, based upon the six 18S sequences for the Ophryoscolecidae, the rumen ciliates are monophyletic and fall into three distinct groups corresponding to Lubinsky's subfamilial division of the family. Our molecular analysis shows Entodinium to be the earliest branching rumen ciliate (subfamily Entodiniinae) and Eudiplodinium, not Diplodiium, branching first among the diplodiniines.

A revision of the wasp genus Paniscomima (Hymenoptera:Rhopalosomatidae) and a proposal of phylogenetic relationships among species

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Elena Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Asian Clade ◽  
Malaise Traps ◽  
First Descriptions

Species of the wasp family Rhopalosomatidae are parasitoids of crickets. The last revision of this family was completed 30 years ago. Since then, with many more specimens collected by Malaise traps, an update of existing descriptions and keys has been made possible. New generic characters have been added to the description for Paniscomima Enderlein. Four new species of Paniscomima are described: P. angelae, sp. nov., P. darlingi, sp. nov., P. lottacontinua, sp. nov., and P. paropposita, sp. nov. The first descriptions of male P. seyrigi (Berland) and female P. opposita Townes and a key to the species of Paniscomima are provided. A cladistic analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the 11 nominal species of Paniscomima. Sixteen morphological characters were used in the analysis and exemplars from the genus Rhopalosoma were used as outgroup taxa. The phylogenetic analysis supports a South-east Asian clade with a sister species from Madagascar and a basal polytomy of species occurring in Africa (including Madagascar).

Phylogenetic analysis of Arsenura Duncan (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Arsenurinae) based on adult morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3116 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AMABÍLIO J. A. DE CAMARGO ◽  
OLAF H. H. MIELKE ◽  
MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Plant Families

Arsenurinae includes 10 Neotropical genera with 74 species. Arsenura Duncan, 1841 is represented by 30 species and 13 subspecies, making it the largest genus of the subfamily. The species of this group occur both in the Andean high altitude and at sea level, but present higher biodiversity at lower altitudes. Most of the immature remain unknown; however, it is known that some larvae feed on several plant families. There are no prior studies on the phylogenetic relationship between the species of the genus. The goal of this study was to establish the relationships between Arsenura species using cladistic analysis, based on adult morphological characters. Arsenura was recovered as a monophyletic group, with the following relationships between species: ((A. meander, A. pandora)((A. polyodonta(A. orbignyana, A. xanthopus))(A. rebeli((A. mossi(A. beebei, A. ciocolatina))(A. archianassa(A. armida(A. albopicta, A. delormei)))))((A. aspasia, A. biundulata)((A. sylla,A.thomsoni)(A. cymonia(A. ponderosa(A. batesii, A. drucei))))))).

Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sister Group Relationship

Phylogenetic relationships among the Australian Leptophlebiidae genera and selected genera from South America and New Zealand were investigated using a cladistic analysis of 43 morphological characters. The outcomes of this analysis were largely consistent with the higher-level relationships previously proposed by Pescador and Peters (1980). The monophyly of the Meridialaris lineage (comprising Austrophlebioides, Tillyardophlebia, Kirrara, ‘WT sp. 1’ and ‘WT sp. 2’ from Australia, Meridialaris from South America and Deleatidium and Atalophlebioides from New Zealand) was strongly supported, as was the monophyly of the Nousia lineage (Nyungara, Nousia and Koorrnonga). However, Australian genera assigned to the Hapsiphlebia lineage (Atalophlebia, Kalbaybaria, Ulmerophlebia, Jappa and Atalomicria) did not form a monophlyletic group. There was support for a sister-group relationship between the Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages, and for the placement of Garinjuga (Penaphlebia lineage) as the sister-group to a large clade comprising genera of the Nousia, Dactylophlebia and Meridialaris lineages. The phylogenetic analysis provided some clarification of the affinities of Neboissophlebia, Bibulmena, Loamaggalangta and Kaninga. These genera appear to belong to lineages not recognised previously among the Gondwanan Leptophlebiidae.

Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Melolonthinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Milagro Coca-Abia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Heuristic Search ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Character Weighting

AbstractA cladistic analysis of the subfamily Melolonthinae was undertaken using 48 taxa and 47 external morphology and male and female genitalia characters. Serica brunna and Pachydema hirticollis were chosen as outgroups. The aim of the present study is to assess supraspecific relationships and to test the monophyly of Melolonthinae and included tribes, genera and subgenera. A general parsimony heuristic search was used to find the most parsimonious trees. Successive character weighting was used to assess the internal consistency of the data. The robustness of the clades was assessed with Bootstrap and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Melolonthinae is found to be a non-monophyletic group, whereas the monophyly of Holotrichia, Trichesthes, Phyllophaga and its subgenera, is here questioned.

Mesoveliidae, Hebridae, and Hydrometridae of Australia (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Gerromorpha), with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of semiaquatic bugs

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Møller Andersen ◽  
Tom A. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Water Striders ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Surfaces ◽  
World Fauna

The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera : Heteroptera, infraorder Gerromorpha), comprising water striders and their allies, are familiar inhabitants of water surfaces in all continents. Currently, the world fauna has more than 1900 described species classified in eight families and 165 genera. A phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony was performed on a dataset comprising 56 morphological characters scored for 24 exemplar genera covering all families and subfamilies of Gerromorpha. The phylogenetic relationships found concur with those presented by Andersen (1982) except that the relationships between some subfamilies of Veliidae and Gerridae are unresolved. The Australian fauna of Gerromorpha comprises six families, 30 genera, and 123 species. One-third of the genera and more than 80% of the species are endemic to Australia. Previously, we have covered all Australian species of the families Gerridae, Hermatobatidae and Veliidae. The present paper deals with the families Hebridae, Hydrometridae, and Mesoveliidae. We offer redescriptions or descriptive notes on all previously described species, describe Mesovelia ebbenielseni, sp. nov. (Mesoveliidae), Austrohebrus apterus, gen. et sp. nov., and Hebrus pilosus, sp. nov. (Hebridae), and synonymise Hebrus woodwardi Lansbury, syn. nov. (Hebridae) and Hydrometra halei Hungerford and Evans, syn. nov. (Hydrometridae). We present keys for the identification of genera and species, and map the distribution of all species. We also give a key for the identification of the families of Gerromorpha known from Australia.

The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of Neocallimasticales ord.nov.

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Li ◽  
I. Brent Heath ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Chytridiomycota and the chytridiomycetous gut fungi with a cladistic analysis of 42 morphological, ultrastructural, and mitotic characters for 38 taxa using both maximum parsimony and distance algorithms. Our analyses show that there are three major clades within the Chytridiomycota: the gut fungi, the Blastocladiales, and the Spizellomycetales–Chytridiales–Monoblepharidales. Consequently, we elevated the gut fungi to the order Neocallimasticales ord.nov. Our results suggest that a modified Chytridiales, including the Monoblepharidales, is a monophyletic group. In contrast the Spizellomycetales are paraphyletic because the Chytridiales arose within them. The separation of the traditional Chytridiales into two orders is thus doubtful. Although the Blastocladiales are closer to members of the Spizellomycetales than the Chytridiales, the cladistic analyses of both structural and rRNA sequence data do not support the idea that the Blastocladiales were derived from the Spizellomycetales. We suggest emendations to the classification of the Chytridiomycota and note which groupings require further analysis. Our phylogeny for the currently recognized species of gut fungi is inconsistent with the existing classification. Nonetheless, pending further investigations, we prefer to retain the existing, easily defined genera for which a key is provided. Key words: Chytridiomycota, rumen fungi, phylogeny, morphology, ultrastructure, mitosis.

Cladistic analysis of the genus Dichaetophora Duda (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and a revised classification

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori J. Toda ◽  
Yao-Guang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Species Groups

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships among the genus Dichaetophora, the genus Nesiodrosophila and the Lordiphosa tenuicauda species-group and some possibly related genera of Drosophilinae were analyzed in this study using 30 morphological characters derived from 34 species. It is concluded that the three taxa constitute a monophyletic group, within which three monophyletic groups are recognized: Dichaetophora + Nesiodrosophila comprise a monophyletic group, while the L. tenuicauda group is divided into two monophyletic groups. This clade is revised as the genus Dichaetophora, with its three constituent monophyletic groups treated as new specis-groups: the agbo, the tenuicauda and the acutissima groups. Nesiodrosophila becomes a junior synonym. A key to the species-groups is provided.

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