Henrik Ringbom, Brita Bohman and Saara Ilvessalo, Combatting Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: Legal Aspects of Sea-Based Engineering Measures (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2019), 104 pp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 716-721
Author(s):  
Elise Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Engineering Measures ◽  
The Baltic

Combatting Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea: Legal Aspects of Sea-Based Engineering Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-96
Author(s):  
Henrik Ringbom ◽  
Brita Bohman ◽  
Saara Ilvessalo
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Seabed Sediments

AbstractThe main environmental problem of the Baltic Sea is that too many nutrients are being released to the sea (eutrophication). As many of the ‘easy’ measures to reduce the load from land-based sources have been put in place, increasing attention is given to measures to reduce the release of nutrients from the seabed sediments through the use of various technologies at sea, i.e. ‘sea-based’ measures.There is no specific legal framework available for sea-based measures, but a number of provisions set general obligations to protect and preserve the marine environment.The analysis indicates that neither the type of measure nor the geographical location of the activity is of decisive importance for the legal rights and obligations involved. Instead, the legality of any sea-based measure depends on the risks they present balanced against their benefits. There is considerable uncertainty on all these issues, and the matter is further complicated by the fact that both the risks and the benefits of the measures relate to their environmental impact.It is recommended that a regional risk-based framework is established for assessing when and how further research on sea-based technologies can be undertaken in the Baltic Sea.

Legal Prerequisites for a Nutrient Trading Scheme to Control Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katak Malla
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Emission Trading Scheme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Trading ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
The Baltic

This paper explores the legal aspects of a nutrient trading scheme suggested as an effective ecosystem management of the Baltic Sea, especially for dealing with eutrophication – over-fertilisation – of the Baltic waters. The relevant sources of the law relating to the Baltic Sea are analysed, noting also features of the international emission trading scheme (iets), the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (euets) and the white certificate economic instrument. The legal prerequisites for a nutrient trading scheme are identified. Also, necessary changes in the legal framework of the Helsinki Commission/Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helcom) are suggested, should the Helcom parties consider such a scheme. The present work seeks to contribute to the legal knowledge needed for more effective and adaptive ecosystem management of the Baltic Sea, or other regional seas.

scholarly journals THE OVERSIZED CARGO FORWARDING: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Wladyslaw WORNALKIEWICZ ◽  
◽  
Yurii KRAVCHYK ◽  
Alla KAPLUNOVSKA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Baltic

The transport of oversized cargo is becoming more and more popular, which is related to the construction of, inter alia, wind farms to generate electricity in mountain areas or on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Internet communication networks are expanding, thus requiring the construction of new relay towers. Non-divisible elements to be transported are getting longer and more difficult to be delivered and installed in the field. All this must be met by forwarding and transport of industrial long cargo. Such a situation requires specialized vehicles, monitoring and optimization of travel routes.

Temporal and spatial sedimentation rate variabilities in the eastern Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea

Boreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Christiansen ◽  
Helmar Kunzendorf ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Rudolf Endler ◽  
Ulrich Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gotland Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

Paleoecological study of bottom sediments of the lake Goluboye (Karelian Isthmus) according to the results of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Baltic

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.

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