scholarly journals The Effects of Visual Movement on Beat-Based vs. Duration-Based Temporal Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-187
Author(s):  
Nathércia L. Torres ◽  
Carlos dos Santos Luiz ◽  
São Luís Castro ◽  
Susana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Sensorimotor Synchronization ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Visual Movement ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Perceptual Timing

It is known that moving visual stimuli (bouncing balls) have an advantage over static visual ones (flashes) in sensorimotor synchronization, such that the former match auditory beeps in driving synchronization while the latter do not. This occurs in beat-based synchronization but not in beat-based purely perceptual tasks, suggesting that the advantage is action-specific. The main goal of this study was to test the advantage of moving over static visual stimuli in a different perceptual timing system – duration-based perception – to determine whether the advantage is action-specific in a broad sense, i.e., if it excludes both beat-based and duration-based perception. We asked a group of participants to perform different tasks with three stimulus types: auditory beeps, visual bouncing balls (moving) and visual flashes (static). First, participants performed a duration-based perception task in which they judged whether intervals were speeding up or slowing down; then they did a synchronization task with isochronous sequences; finally, they performed a beat-based perception task in which they judged whether sequences sounded right or wrong. Bouncing balls outperformed flashes and matched beeps in synchronization. In the duration-based perceptual task, beeps, balls and flashes were equivalent, but in beat-based perception beeps outperformed balls and flashes. Our findings suggest that the advantage of moving over static visual stimuli is grounded on action rather than perception in a broad sense, in that it is absent in both beat-based and duration-based perception.

Comparative Study of Tachistoscopic Perception of Binary Figures in Deaf Children and Normally Hearing Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Mandes ◽  
Patricia Randle Allen ◽  
Charles W. Swisher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Response Card ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hearing Children

An experiment was conducted to compare deaf children and normally hearing children on a visual perception task. The visual stimuli were 32 cards, each with a binary pattern of eight circles arranged horizontally or vertically. One circle on the right or top and one circle on the left or bottom of each card were blackened to form the binary patterns, one on each side of fixation. The stimuli were presented tachistoscopically at 1/10 sec. and 1/25 sec. S responded by pointing to the positions he saw blackened on a response card to depict 8 blank circles. It was found that deaf children did as well as normally hearing children and that both groups made fewer errors on the left and top positions of the stimulus dimensions. The data are interpreted as supporting a mediational approach in perceptual development among deaf children.

scholarly journals Temporal mechanisms of multimodal binding

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1663) ◽  
pp. 1761-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burr ◽  
Ottavia Silva ◽  
Guido Marco Cicchini ◽  
Martin S. Banks ◽  
Maria Concetta Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Base Interval ◽  
Environmental Source ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

The simultaneity of signals from different senses—such as vision and audition—is a useful cue for determining whether those signals arose from one environmental source or from more than one. To understand better the sensory mechanisms for assessing simultaneity, we measured the discrimination thresholds for time intervals marked by auditory, visual or auditory–visual stimuli, as a function of the base interval. For all conditions, both unimodal and cross-modal, the thresholds followed a characteristic ‘dipper function’ in which the lowest thresholds occurred when discriminating against a non-zero interval. The base interval yielding the lowest threshold was roughly equal to the threshold for discriminating asynchronous from synchronous presentations. Those lowest thresholds occurred at approximately 5, 15 and 75 ms for auditory, visual and auditory–visual stimuli, respectively. Thus, the mechanisms mediating performance with cross-modal stimuli are considerably slower than the mechanisms mediating performance within a particular sense. We developed a simple model with temporal filters of different time constants and showed that the model produces discrimination functions similar to the ones we observed in humans. Both for processing within a single sense, and for processing across senses, temporal perception is affected by the properties of temporal filters, the outputs of which are used to estimate time offsets, correlations between signals, and more.

scholarly journals Vision is superior to touch in shape perception even with equivalent peripheral input

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonju Cho ◽  
J. C. Craig ◽  
S. S. Hsiao ◽  
S. J. Bensmaia
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Effective Size ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Form Processing ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Equivalent Number

Results from previous studies suggest that two-dimensional spatial patterns are processed similarly in vision and touch when the patterns are equated for effective size or when visual stimuli are blurred to mimic the spatial filtering of the skin. In the present study, we measured subjects' ability to perceive the shape of familiar and unfamiliar visual and tactile patterns to compare form processing in the two modalities. As had been previously done, the two-dimensional tactile and visual patterns were adjusted in size to stimulate an equivalent number of receptors in the two modalities. We also distorted the visual patterns, using a filter that accurately mimics the spatial filtering effected by the skin to further equate the peripheral images in the two modalities. We found that vision consistently outperformed touch regardless of the precise perceptual task and of how familiar the patterns were. Based on an examination of both the earlier and present data, we conclude that visual processing of both familiar and unfamiliar two-dimensional patterns is superior to its tactile counterpart except under very restricted conditions.

Age Related Changes to Perceptual Surround Suppression of Moving Stimuli

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Karas ◽  
Allison M. McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Surround Suppression ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Contrast Perception

Perceptual analogues of centre–surround suppression have been applied as indirect measures of cortical inhibitory function in several clinical disorders. Two tasks have been used: a centre–surround contrast perception task and a motion direction discrimination task, where the stimulus size and contrast is varied to measure surround suppression effects. The tasks are markedly different, yet previous literature implies that both measures indirectly assess inhibitory function and that results will be complementary. This is not the case for age-related effects on surround suppression, however, as previous reports using the different measures are conflicting. Here we use a low-spatial frequency, drifting grating version of the centre–surround contrast perception task, and compare results to those obtained with the motion direction task in a single group of older observers. Older adults demonstrate significantly increased perceptual surround suppression of contrast for drifting, high contrast stimuli. Using the motion discrimination task, older observers showed similar amounts of surround suppression for the largest stimulus. This study confirms that visual surround suppression is altered by ageing. The complexity of neuronal systems involved in centre–surround interactions makes it unlikely that a single perceptual task will be sufficient to describe the effects of clinical disorders on surround suppression.

scholarly journals A Position of Visual Stimuli Affects Temporal Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 2D3-1-2D3-1
Author(s):  
Reo HOKAZONO ◽  
Keita ISHIBASHI ◽  
Koich IWANAGA
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Temporal Perception

Under- and Over-Estimation

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Crollen ◽  
Julie Castronovo ◽  
Xavier Seron
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Numerical Estimation ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Estimation Task ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perception Task ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Mapping Hypothesis ◽  
Task Perception

Over the last 30 years, numerical estimation has been largely studied. Recently, Castronovo and Seron (2007) proposed the bi-directional mapping hypothesis in order to account for the finding that dependent on the type of estimation task (perception vs. production of numerosities), reverse patterns of performance are found (i.e., under- and over-estimation, respectively). Here, we further investigated this hypothesis by submitting adult participants to three types of numerical estimation task: (1) a perception task, in which participants had to estimate the numerosity of a non-symbolic collection; (2) a production task, in which participants had to approximately produce the numerosity of a symbolic numerical input; and (3) a reproduction task, in which participants had to reproduce the numerosity of a non-symbolic numerical input. Our results gave further support to the finding that different patterns of performance are found according to the type of estimation task: (1) under-estimation in the perception task; (2) over-estimation in the production task; and (3) accurate estimation in the reproduction task. Moreover, correlation analyses revealed that the more a participant under-estimated in the perception task, the more he/she over-estimated in the production task. We discussed these empirical data by showing how they can be accounted by the bi-directional mapping hypothesis ( Castronovo & Seron, 2007 ).

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