The history of chickpea cultivation and breeding in Israel

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Shmuel Galili ◽  
Hovav Ran ◽  
Evgenia Dor ◽  
Joseph Hershenhorn ◽  
Arye Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an ancient crop, mentioned in the Bible and in the Jerusalem Talmud. In the last 60 years, chickpea cultivation and breeding have undergone great advances. Those in cultivation have involved mainly changing the sowing dates and developing disease management for Ascochyta blight. In the last 10 years, to increase sowing areas, effort has been invested in developing agrotechniques for immature green chickpea harvesting. Today, breeding efforts are focused mainly on producing erect and high-yielding cultivars that are resistant to Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt. Moreover, in the last decade, breeding programs for early flowering have been initiated in the south of Israel, in areas with terminal drought, as well as for resistance to herbicides and the broomrape Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Thanks to all of these efforts, today chickpea is the major pulse crop in Israel.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Algerian chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes: use of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers linked or not linked to the gene or QTL of interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Djihad Bellemou ◽  
Teresa Millàn ◽  
Juan Gil ◽  
Aissa Abdelguerfi ◽  
Meriem Laouar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Assessment of genetic diversity among chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm at the morphological and molecular levels is fundamental for chickpea breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Genetic variability of 46 chickpea genotypes including 42 Algerian genotypes and four control varieties was evaluated by using 15 agro-morphological traits. Eleven molecular markers including nine simple sequence repeats, one sequence characterised amplified region (SCY17) and one gene-specific (CaETR4) were used to characterise the 46 genotypes and eight references varieties added for disease resistance or susceptibility. Genotypes resistant to ascochyta blight were identified by the markers SCY17 and CaETR4 present together. High diversity was observed for all measured morphological traits between genotypes. Yield components, plant height, phenological traits and growth habit were the traits most involved in variation among genotypes and were partitioned into four groups by using principal component analysis. All molecular markers were polymorphic. In total, 91 alleles were obtained ranging from 2 to 21 per locus with average of 8.27 alleles per marker. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 with an average value of 0.87. UPGMA clustering and Bayesian-based model structure analysis grouped genotypes into two clusters, but the distribution of the genotypes by cluster was not the same for the two analyses. According to the presence of markers indicating resistance to ascochyta blight (SCY17 and CaETR4), three resistant genotypes (FLIP 82-C92, ILC 6909, ILC 7241) were selected and should be tested in controlled conditions for confirmation. Considering the narrow diversity of cultivated chickpea, the Algerian genotypes can be considered as interesting for future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Molecular mapping of QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt (race 1) and Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Mohan Sabbavarapu ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Siva Kumar Chamarthi ◽  
Nayakoti Swapna ◽  
Abhishek Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Race 1

Validation of a QTL for resistance to ascochyta blight linked to resistance to fusarium wilt race 5 in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iruela ◽  
P. Castro ◽  
J. Rubio ◽  
J. I. Cubero ◽  
C. Jacinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wetherell
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Question

Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.

How the Bible Feels

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorina Miller Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Affect Theory ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
Christian History

Despite Christian leaders’ insistence that what is important about the Bible are the messages of the text, throughout Christian history the Bible as a material object, engaged by the senses, frequently has been perceived to be an effective object able to protect its users from bodily harm. This paper explores several examples where Christians view their Bibles as protective shields, and will situate those interpretations within the history of the material uses of the Bible. It will also explore how recent studies in affect theory might add to the understanding of what is communicated through sensory engagement with the Bible.

‘Limping, Yet Made to Climb a Mountain!’ Re-Reading the Vashti Character in the Hiv And Aids South African Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madipoane Masenya (Ngwan’A Mphahlele)
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
African Women ◽  
South African Context ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Context

The history of the Christian Bible’s reception in South Africa was part of a package that included among others, the importation of European patriarchy, land grabbing and its impoverishment of Africans and challenged masculinities of African men. The preceding factors, together with the history of the marginalization of African women in bible and theology, and how the Bible was and continues to be used in our HIV and AIDS contexts, have only made the proverbial limping animal to climb a mountain. Wa re o e bona a e hlotša, wa e nametša thaba (while limping, you still let it climb a mountain) simply means that a certain situation is being aggravated (by an external factor). In this chapter the preceding Northern Sotho proverb is used as a hermeneutical lens to present an HIV and AIDS gender sensitive re-reading of the Vashti character in the Hebrew Bible within the South African context.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van Miert
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
The Bible ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
History Of

In the conclusion, the intrinsic deconstructive power of philology is contrasted with external pressures moving philology in different political and religious directions. The positions of the main protagonists differed widely, but they show that the less they were institutionalized, the more freedom they had to present unorthodox theories. As in the case of natural science, biblical philology was a handmaiden of theology, but it could also be used against certain theologies. In the end, the accumulation of evidence regarding the history of the Bible and the transmission of its texts, could not fail to impinge on the authority of Scripture. The problems in the transmission of the biblical text were widely discussed in the decade leading up to the publication of the Theological-political Treatise. Readers of Spinoza were already familiar with the type of reasoning which Spinoza employed in the central chapters of his notorious work.

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