scholarly journals Cäsar Adolf Bloesch – ein Geburtshelfer? Einblicke in seine ärztliche Praxis zwischen 1832 und 1850

Gesnerus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Philipp Klaas
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Extensive Practice

This article contributes to the history of obstetrics as it was performed in the context of general practice during the 19th century. It focuses on the Swiss physician Cäsar Adolf Bloesch (1804–1863) from the town of Biel, Canton Bern. Drawing upon Bloesch’s extensive practice records, it raises the question whether this physician participated in the local market for obstetrical activities. Furthermore, the paper tries to make an estimate about the importance this field of action took for Bloesch’s practice. To achieve this, results of a smaller study about obstetrical cases within the practice records during the years 1832 to 1850 are being presented. I will argue that physicians like Bloesch were aware of the problems obstetrics brought with it, and as a consequence, he tried to limit it in favor of his general practice.

IL METEOROGRAFO DI PADRE ANGELO SECCHI

Nuncius ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLO BRENNI
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Failure ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Technological Achievement ◽  
Meteorological Instruments

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>During the 19th Century the systematic collecting of meteorological data became a general practice. Several scientists and instrument makers invented new meteorological instruments and improved the existing ones. Probably the most impressive and sophisticated recording apparatus was the meteorograph devised between 1855 and 1865 by the Italian astronomer Padre Angelo Secchi (1818-1878). This huge and complicated machine was presented to the 1867 Paris Universal Exhibition where it was considered the technological masterpiece. The instrument worked in Rome for several years and then, partially dismanteled, was finally stored in the Osservatorio Astronomico di Monte Porzio (Rome). Recently carried to Florence, the meteorograph is now beeing restored in the laboratories of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure under the supervision of the Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza. My paper will trace the history of this ingeniuos instrument which represented a technological achievement but an economic failure.

scholarly journals Jindřichův Hradec and the Landfras Family of Printers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
František Fürbach
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Town Council ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The beginning of the article briefly outlines the history of Jindřichův Hradec from its foundation through its development in the 15th century and especially in the 16th century, until the 19th century, when the Landfras printing works functioned in the town. Afterwards, the article focuses on the Landfras family of printers and its work in Jindřichův Hradec. It deals with the founder of the printing works, Josef Jan Landfras (1869–1840), as well as with his family background and his public activities. Most attention is devoted to his successor, Alois Landfras (1797–1875), who became one of the most remarkable figures in the history of Jindřichův Hradec, because he was very actively involved in social events in the town. From 1841, he was a member of the town council; ten years later, he was elected mayor and remained in the position for ten years. His private and family life is marginally mentioned as well. The last member of the family active in the 19th century was Vilém Antonín Landfras (1830–1902), who was also a member of the town council. Thanks to him, the weekly Ohlas od Nežárky [Echoes from the River Nežárka] began to be published in the town in 1871. The article further mentions his important role in the organisation of the social entertainment of burghers and his family life. The end of the paper is devoted to his son, Vilém Bohumil Landfras (1865–1931), whose work falls into the first third of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Compatibility, adaptability and use of different types of ground floor houses in 19th century town planning: Case study Subotica

Spatium ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Viktorija Aladzic
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

A lack of knowledge of the history of architecture and town planning in the 19th century resulted in underrated regard towards this historic period and consequently in a devastation of urban and architectural heritage of the 19th century. This research was intended to clarify some segments of the history of architecture and town planning in the 19th century based on the example of Subotica. Research has shown that the basic types of ground floor houses built during the 19th century in Subotica were mutually compatible and that by a simple addition of rooms on the simple base house, more complex base houses could be built. In the same way rural houses could also be transformed into urban ones. This pattern allowed for utmost rationality of the construction of individual houses as well as of the whole town. The town, due to the application of compatible house plans, reflected a semblance of order which improved year on year, because every house at any given moment represented a finished structure. Simple attachment of building parts also allowed the houses that were located in the middle of the lot to be elongated to the street regulation line. Compatible house plans, as an auxiliary means, facilitated the application of building rules, the realization of regulation plans and provided continuous development of the town of Subotica in the period of over 150 years.

scholarly journals Historic Atlases of Polish Towns – status at the end of 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Zenon Kozieł ◽  
Radosław Golba ◽  
Agnieszka Pilarska ◽  
Roman Czaja
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Type A ◽  
National Language ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Historic Atlas of Polish Towns, which makes up a part of an international project covering the towns of Europe, has been implemented in Poland since the early 1990s. This project was presented recently at the poster session during the 26th International Cartographic Conference in Germany (Dresden 2013). In consequence of subsequent files of the Atlas for twenty Polish towns being published in the past five years, their presenting within the panel session, during 29 ICC (Tokyo'2019) seems of importance. Polish towns for which the atlases were developed are: Bochnia, Chojnice, Fordon, Gliwice, Jelenia Góra, Kętrzyn, Koronowo, Milicz, Mrągowo, Namysłów, Oława, Ostróda, Sandomierz, Strzegom, Strzelin, Wieliczka, Włocławek, Wrocław, Ząbkowice Śląskie and Ziębice. Familiarizing the public with this cycle of historic atlases consitutes also a good opportunity to recall the origins of the project as its history dates back to the mid-1960s, and thus is similar to the history of the cycles of International Cartographic Conferences.</p><p> The basic principles for editing historic atlases of towns were worked out at the 1968 Oxford conference of historians and cartographers, and then, discussed again and supplemented with the principles for unified edition, at the 1995 Münster (Germany) „Atlas Publishers” conference. In 1965, the International Commission for the History of Towns gave an impulse to the historic atlases of towns, during the Vienna Congress, when it decided to place in its programme, the patronage over the edition of towns’ atlases. Given the recommendations of this Commission, historic atlases of European towns shall be published in the form of separate files for each town and so that the necessary minimum includes the following four principal maps for each town:</p><ol type="a"><li>the 19th century cadastral plan, that is from a pre-industrial period, at a scale of 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;2,500;</li><li>the 19th century map, contemporary with the cadastral plan, generally at a scale of 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25,000;</li><li>a spatial development plan for the town from the Mediaeval to contemporary times, at a scale of 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;5,000;</li><li>a modern town plan.</li></ol><p> Regardless of this, atlases may contain (according to the capabilities of publishers) thematic maps and reproductions of the most interesting cartographic sources and panoramas. However, this assumption can be implemented only in the case the suitable cartographic sources have been preserved. For example, one of the most voluminous atlases among those listed above is the Atlas of Wrocław dated from 2017, counting 110 maps and plans. An integral part of each atlas, as a scientific study, is a concise historic commentary, describing the history of the town, with particular emphasis put on its spatial layout development. Notwithstanding the main scientific objective, individual files of the Atlas can also be useful for other needs, and in particular for:</p><ol type="a"><li>urban, architectural and conservation works, environmental protection;</li><li>schools and universities’ teaching and didactic objectives;</li><li>popularizing towns' past.</li></ol><p> In accordance with the idea of the International Commission for the History of Towns, the main task of this edition of atlases shall be founding a single source database for research on the urbanization of Europe and spatial changes of towns. Therefore, it must also have its language adapted so as to fulfill this function. It is necessary to use in comments and explanations, not only the national language, but also one of the congress languages (English, French, Spanish, German, Russian, or Italian). For the edition of Polish atlases, the German language was chosen primarily, due to the particular interest of our western neighbours, in the history of Polish towns. There happen, however, explanations in both; German and English. Initially, the project of the historic atlas of Polish towns was carried out only in Toruń by a team under the guidance of Roman Czaja (historical editing) and Zenon Kozieł (cartographic editing). In the subsequent years, work on the historic atlas of the Śląsk/Silesian towns was taken over by the Wrocław team under the guidance of Marta Młynarska-Kaletynowa (currently of Rafał Eysymontt) whereas the Kraków team, published atlases of the Małopolska/Little Poland towns under the guidance of Zdzisław Noga.</p><p> Up to now, under the patronage of the International Commission for the History of Towns, atlases for over 530 towns from eighteen European states have been published (https://www.ria.ie/research-projects/irish-historic-towns-atlas/ european-project), of which 34 (i.e. 6,5%) are those made for Polish towns.</p>

MASJID BESAR RAJA HAJI ABDUL GHANI PULAU BURU KEPULAUAN RIAU

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurman Kholis
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
District Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Level Government

Abstract. Many Muslims in the Riau Islands do not know the history of the development of Islamic theory from the center of power to spread to various corners. This is as the existence of the Great Mosque of Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) on Buru Island, Karimun. Thus, to uncover the existence of this mosque, qualitative research methods are used so that history, architecture, and socio-religious functions can be known. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the establishment of MBRHAG was initiated by Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. He was the first Amir (sub-district level government) of the kingdom of Riau-Lingga on Buru Island, in the 19th century. The architecture is a Chinese. Therefore, on the right side of this mosque is around 200 m, there is also the Sam Po Teng Temple and the Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Thus, the close location of the mosque with Chinese and Confucian worship houses's shows a harmonious relationship between Malay Muslims and Chinese Buddhists. In fact, in the continuation of this relationship there was information that a Chinese Buddhist had joined a Muslim friend to fast for half a month of Ramadan.Keywords: Mosque, Malay Muslims, Chinese Buddhists/Confucians, Harmonious RelationsAbstrak. Umat Islam di Kepulauan Riau banyak yang tidak mengenal sejarah perkembangan ajaran Islam dari pusat kekuasaan hingga tersebar ke berbagai pelosok. Hal ini sebagaimana keberadaan Masjid Besar Raja Haji Abdul Ghani (MBRHAG) di Pulau Buru, Karimun. Dengan demikian, untuk mengungkapkan keberadaan masjid ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif  agar dapat diketahui sejarah, arsitektur, dan fungsi sosial keagamaannya.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendirian MBRHAG diprakarsai oleh Raja Haji Abdul Ghani. Ia adalah Amir (pemerintah setingkat kecamatan) pertama kerajaan Riau-Lingga di Pulau Buru, pada abad ke-19. Adapun arsitekturnya adalah seorang Tionghoa. Karena itu, di sebelah kanan masjid ini sekitar 200 m juga terdapat Kelenteng Sam Po Teng dan cetya Tri Dharma Dewa Bumi. Dengan demikian, dekatnya lokasi masjid dengan rumah ibadah umat Tionghoa dan Khonghucu ini menunjukkan hubungan yang harmonis antara muslim Melayu dengan Budhis Tionghoa. Bahkan, dalam kelangsungan hubungan ini terdapat informasi seorang Buddhis Tionghoa pernah ikut temannya yang beragama muslim untuk berpuasa selama setengah bulan Ramadhan.Kata Kunci: Masjid, Muslim Melayu, Buddhis/Khonghucu Tionghoa, Hubungan Harmonis

Using Census Returns and the Own-Children Method to Measure Marital Fertility in Rawtenstall, 1851-1901

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. (Mac) Boot
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North East ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Fertility Estimation

The incompleteness of Victorian census returns of marriage and birth records for England and Wales, and the high costs of using civil and church records, have greatly restricted research into the timing and character of the decline in marital fertility in the second half of the 19th century. This article argues that, in spite of these limitations, the census returns provide enough data to allow the well-known the 'Own-children method of fertility estimation', when used within Bongaarts' framework for analysing the proximate determinants of fertility, to derive estimates of total and age-specific marital fertility for women 15 to 49 years of age. It uses data from the census returns for the town of Rawtenstall, a small cotton textile manufacturing town in north-east Lancashire, to generate these estimates and to test their credibility against other well respected measures of marital fertility for England and Wales.

Liepājai – veltījuma dzejas / dziesmu piemēri mūsdienās un 19. gadsimta baltvācu literārajā mantojumā

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Ivars Orehovs
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Geographical Environment ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Native Place ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

In a literary heritage with a developed tradition of genres, works whose main purpose is to attract the attention of readers to a selected geographical location, are of particular culture-historical and culture-geographical interest. The most widespread in this respect is travel literature, which is usually written by travellers and consist of impressions portrayed in prose after visits to foreign lands. Another type of literary depiction with an expressed poetic orientation, but a similar goal, is characteristic of dedicatory poetry. The author’s position is usually saturated with emotional expressiveness as well as the artistry of symbols, encouraging the reader or listener to feel the formation of a spontaneous attitude. It is possible to gain confidence in the engagement of the author of the poetry as an individual in the depicted cultural-geographical environment, which can be conceptually expressed by words or pairs of words ‘resident’, ‘native place’, ‘patriot’. With regard to the devotional depictions on the Latvian urban environment, one of the earliest examples known in the history of literature is the dedicatory poem in German by Christian Bornmann to the town Jelgava with its ancient name (Mitau, 1686/1802). The name of Liepāja town in this tradition of the genre has become an embodiment later – in the poetry selection in German, also using the ancient name of the town (Libausche Dichtungen, 1853), but in terms of contemporary literary practice with Imants Kalniņš’ music, there is a convincing dominance of songs with words of poetry. The aim of the article is, looking at the poetry devoted to Liepāja in the 19th century and at the turn of the 20th/21st century in the comparative aspect, to present textually thematic peculiarities as well as to provide the analytical interpretative summary of those.

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

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