Using Census Returns and the Own-Children Method to Measure Marital Fertility in Rawtenstall, 1851-1901

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. (Mac) Boot
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Cotton Textile ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
North East ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Fertility Estimation

The incompleteness of Victorian census returns of marriage and birth records for England and Wales, and the high costs of using civil and church records, have greatly restricted research into the timing and character of the decline in marital fertility in the second half of the 19th century. This article argues that, in spite of these limitations, the census returns provide enough data to allow the well-known the 'Own-children method of fertility estimation', when used within Bongaarts' framework for analysing the proximate determinants of fertility, to derive estimates of total and age-specific marital fertility for women 15 to 49 years of age. It uses data from the census returns for the town of Rawtenstall, a small cotton textile manufacturing town in north-east Lancashire, to generate these estimates and to test their credibility against other well respected measures of marital fertility for England and Wales.

Surnames in south-eastern France: structure of the rural population during the 19th century through isonymy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Célia Kamel ◽  
Bérengère Saliba-Serre ◽  
Marie-Hélène Lizee ◽  
Michel Signoli ◽  
Caroline Costedoat
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Population Evolution ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Geographical Unit ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract An analysis of the distribution of surnames through time and space allows us to understand the structure of human groups, their exchanges or even their possible isolation. The French population has already been studied through surnames and it has been shown that the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region differed from the rest of France in both the 20th and 21st centuries (Mourrieras et al., 1995; Scapoli et al., 2005). The objective of this study was to understand the population evolution and particularities of the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region through an analysis of the distribution of surnames over an earlier period: the 19th century. For this work, 806,069 birth records from 521 communes between 1810 and 1890 were recorded and a total of 23,340 surnames were collected. The estimation of various isonymic parameters has allowed a description of this corpus never exploited before. In order to appreciate the population evolution, the data set was divided into three periods of 25 years. The canton was the geographical unit of this study, and similarities and differences between each of them were evaluated using Lasker distances, which allow the construction of dendrograms. A positive and significant correlation (p<0.0001) was found between Lasker distances and geographical distances using the Mantel test. The lowest inbreeding estimates were found in the Durance Valley. Migration, estimated from the v-index of Karlin and McGregor (1967), showed higher values in the south-western quarter of the region. The decrease in Rst values across the three periods is consistent with a homogenization of the patronymic between the cantons. This three-period approach showed a population evolution influenced by linguistic, cultural, historical and migratory phenomena since the Middle Ages, disrupted by the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Rathaus – Bahnhof – Museum. Auswirkungen ausgewählter kommunaler und privater Einrichtungen auf das soziale Leben der Bevölkerung in Czernowitz zur Zeit der Habsburgermonarchie

2017 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Michaela Seewald
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The 19th century is - as regards urban planning - characterized by the development of infrastructure, such as schools or hospitals. These changes can also be observed in the eastern parts of the monarchy. The regional focus of this thesis lies on Czernowitz, the capital city of the Bukovina since 1849. Three institutions - the town hall, the railway station and the museum - serve as an example to show how the construction of these buildings had an impact on the social life of the residents of Czernowitz. The article shows that identity is the central connective element.

On Displayed Writing. Bronze Inscriptions from Napoca

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Sorin Nemeti ◽  
Eugenia Beu-Dachin ◽  
Sorin Cociş
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
Bronze Inscriptions ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

"Abstract: We present below two fragmentary texts carved in aere from Napoca, one known from the 19th century and the other novel, yielded by recent rescue excavations. The first inscription (Napoca-1) was carved on a bronze tablet discovered in Piaţa Muzeului no. 4. The document here might correspond to an imperial response (subscriptio), delivered by emperor Hadrian upon a request that might have been made for instance by the representatives of the town at Napoca. A second fragmentary inscription in bronze (Napoca-2) originating still from Napoca was discovered in the area of hill Feleac. The preserved words formis and ratio / procuratio are indicative of an administrative taxation type text. Keywords: bronze inscriptions, legal text, imperial rescript, Napoca Rezumat: Prezentăm aici două texte fragmentare incizate in aere din Napoca, unul cunoscut din secolul al XIX-lea şi altul nou, provenit din cercetări de salvare recente. Prima inscripţie (Napoca-1) a fost incizată pe o tablă de bronz descoperită în Piaţa Muzeului nr. 4. Aceste documente poate fi un răspuns imperial (subscriptio) dat de împăratul Hadrian unei cereri făcute de reprezentanţii oraşului Napoca. A doua inscripţie fragmentară din bronz (Napoca-2), provenită tot din Napoca, a fost descoperită în zona dealului Feleac. Cuvintele păstrate - formis şi ratio/procuratio – indică un text administrativ în legătură cu impozitele. Cuvinte cheie: inscripţii de bronz, texte legale, rescript imperial, Napoca "

Cot death

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cot Death ◽  
Prone Sleeping ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since antiquity, cot death was explained as accidental suffocation, overlaying, or smothering. Parents were blamed for neglect or drunkenness, and a cage called arcuccio was invented around 1570 to protect the sleeping infant. Up to the 19th century, accidents were registered as natural causes of death. From 1830, accidental suffocation became unacceptable for physicians and legislators, and ‘natural’ explanations for the catastrophe were sought, with parents being consoled rather than blamed. Prone sleeping originated in the 1930s and from 1944 was associated with cot death. However, from the 1960s many authors recommended prone sleeping for infants, and many countries adopted the advice. A worldwide epidemic followed, peaking at 2% in England and Wales and 5% in New Zealand in the 1980s. Although epidemiological evidence was available by 1970, the first intervention was initiated in the Netherlands in 1989. Cot death disappeared almost entirely wherever prone sleeping was avoided. This strongly supports the assumption that prone sleeping has the greatest influence on the disorder, and that the epidemic resulted from wrong advice.

scholarly journals Jindřichův Hradec and the Landfras Family of Printers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
František Fürbach
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Town Council ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The beginning of the article briefly outlines the history of Jindřichův Hradec from its foundation through its development in the 15th century and especially in the 16th century, until the 19th century, when the Landfras printing works functioned in the town. Afterwards, the article focuses on the Landfras family of printers and its work in Jindřichův Hradec. It deals with the founder of the printing works, Josef Jan Landfras (1869–1840), as well as with his family background and his public activities. Most attention is devoted to his successor, Alois Landfras (1797–1875), who became one of the most remarkable figures in the history of Jindřichův Hradec, because he was very actively involved in social events in the town. From 1841, he was a member of the town council; ten years later, he was elected mayor and remained in the position for ten years. His private and family life is marginally mentioned as well. The last member of the family active in the 19th century was Vilém Antonín Landfras (1830–1902), who was also a member of the town council. Thanks to him, the weekly Ohlas od Nežárky [Echoes from the River Nežárka] began to be published in the town in 1871. The article further mentions his important role in the organisation of the social entertainment of burghers and his family life. The end of the paper is devoted to his son, Vilém Bohumil Landfras (1865–1931), whose work falls into the first third of the 20th century.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEVES OF THE TEA COMMUNITY OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1213
Author(s):  
Gyanshree Dutta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
North East India ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

India is a co-habitation of different casts, socio-cultural, religious groups of people. It is also observed in Assam, the state in the North-East India. It should be noted that the state of Assam has a reputation worldwide in the field of tea production. Since the beginning of tea production in Assam in the 19th century, the Tea Community social group of Assam has been formed with a large number of people working hard in the tea gardens. In this way tea farmers living in Assam since 19th century have become an independent community with their own social and cultural characteristics. The Tea Community of Assam has a lot of individual Characteristics in the socio-cultural aspects. This study attempts to discuss their social folk customs and believes.

scholarly journals Cäsar Adolf Bloesch – ein Geburtshelfer? Einblicke in seine ärztliche Praxis zwischen 1832 und 1850

Gesnerus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Philipp Klaas
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town ◽  
Extensive Practice

This article contributes to the history of obstetrics as it was performed in the context of general practice during the 19th century. It focuses on the Swiss physician Cäsar Adolf Bloesch (1804–1863) from the town of Biel, Canton Bern. Drawing upon Bloesch’s extensive practice records, it raises the question whether this physician participated in the local market for obstetrical activities. Furthermore, the paper tries to make an estimate about the importance this field of action took for Bloesch’s practice. To achieve this, results of a smaller study about obstetrical cases within the practice records during the years 1832 to 1850 are being presented. I will argue that physicians like Bloesch were aware of the problems obstetrics brought with it, and as a consequence, he tried to limit it in favor of his general practice.

scholarly journals Books in Burgher Households on the Moravian-Silesian Border at the Beginning of the 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Lenka Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The relation of subjected municipalities of urban type on the Moravian-Silesian border to books and to education in general can be demonstrated on the example of Místek, situated in the Hukvaldy demesne. The craftsmanship–agricultural character of the town along with its position on a trade route near the Moravian-Silesian border was involved in the shaping of the social environment. Valuable sources of information on burgher households are probate inventories. It is possible to determine from them not only whether burghers owned any books at all and how many, but sometimes even what types of books they were. Among others, likewise the information on book owners, their profession and financial situation is undoubtedly interesting. Although personal motives and the attitudes of Místek burghers towards books usually remain hidden from us, it is still possible to reveal a part of everyday life.

scholarly journals Moscow in the Russian medallic art

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Ульяна Михайловна Волкова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

В статье рассматриваются медали, созданные в Российской империи в XVIII – начале XX века, с изображением города Москвы. В течение XVIII века была отчеканена всего одна медаль с таким изображением – на основание Московского университета. Все памятники XIX – начала XX века с изображением древней столицы можно разделить на три типа – это виды Кремля, различные сооружения и персонифицированный образ города. Персонификация Москвы – самый увлекательный медальный образ старой столицы. С этой аллегорией существует всего три медали. Первая персонификация Москвы была показана на медали, посвященной Отечественной войне 1812 года – «Освобождение Москвы», отчеканенной в 1834 году и принадлежащей к серии графа Ф.П. Толстого. Одеяние аллегорического персонажа соответствует русской моде начала XIX века и включает стилизованный сарафан и кокошник. На примере трех проанализированных медалей с изображением персонификаций Москвы автор прослеживает основные изменения, произошедшие в отечественном медальерном искусстве – от первых попыток включить элементы традиционной культуры в европейское по своей сути искусство до композиций, созданных на основе исторических источников и научных трудов. The article deals with the images of Moscow in the Russian medallic art of the 18th – beginning of the 20th century. Only one medal with the view of Moscow Kremlin was struck during 18th century. It was a medal dedicated to the inauguration of the Moscow University in 1754 by Helvetian medallieur Jacques-Antoine Dassier. During 19th – beginning of the 20th century, there were three types of the images of Moscow on the Russian medals. Moscow Kremlin, some landmark buildings or personification of the town are the main images depicted on the medals. Personification of Moscow is the most fascinating medallic image of the old capital. There were only three medals with this allegory. First personification of Moscow was shown on a medal dedicated to the Patriotic war of 1812 – “Liberation of Moscow” belonging to the series of count F.P. Tolstoy, minted in 1834. Allegory was dressed according to the Russian fashion of the beginning of the 19th century. And wore stylized sarafan (Russian folk costume) and kokoshnik (traditional Russian headdress). Two other personification were depicted after the first one.

scholarly journals Protection of old forges in Sułkowice – symbol of the local crafts-manship

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Barbara Zin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

Wooden structures linked to agriculture are disappearing from the image of the Polish countryside, villages and small towns at the beginning of the 21st century. It is worthy to start the discussion on the fate of desolate, deteriorating forges, sawmills, carpentries, or water mills which are relics of the traditional technology. Sułkowice, a small town in the Małopolskie voivodeship, has been known for ages as a prominent centre of blacksmiths and their craft. Even today one feels the specific character of the landscape; in the mid-19th century circa 1000 blacksmiths worked there. Tradition lived until the times after the Second World War – when artisans in Sułkowice forged, among others, artful fittings for the MS ‘Batory’ [famed Polish liner]. Inventories, surveys and measurements of old forges, elaborated by the authoress within the framework of the research grant “Image of villages and small towns in Poland of the last decade of the 20th century” (led by Prof. Wiktor Zin) led to gathering of the documentation of circa 20 structures hailing from the close of the 19th century. After 20 years that elapsed since the research there are only a few left, and their days are numbered. Local Programme of Revitalisation of the Town from the year 2007 which is a strategic plan for enterprises aiming at amelioration of the area, does not mention the protection of the last witnesses of the local crafts’s tradition. Whereby the activisation of the local community, deriving from the tradition of the place, should be the aim of such a programme. Thus maybe there should be reconstruction and later ‘cyclical rebuilding’ of the structures which have no chance to exist with their primary function? “Old-new” wooden structures shall be a reminder of the blacksmiths’ tradition.

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