Potential Constructions in Hakka More than 100 Years Ago in the New Territories

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Chusheng Zhuang ◽  
Tingting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

This paper discusses the potential verb-complement constructions in Hakka more than 100 years ago in the New Territories, Hongkong, as reflected in the First Book of Reading, a textbook of Hakka published by The Basel Missionary Society in 1879. By making a thorough inquiry into 341 potential constructions, we identify 6 types of them, and by the study of the history of Chinese grammar and language contact, we try to analyze the relations between the different types of potential constructions, together with their origins.

Translation and contact languages

Babel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-555
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Rottet
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Motion Events ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motion Event ◽  
Good Exemplar ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

In this study we use a translation corpus of English novels translated into two closely related Celtic languages, Welsh and Breton, as one way of shedding light on the extent to which languages can influence each other over time: Welsh has a long history of contact with English, and Breton with French. Ever since the work of Leonard Talmy (1991, 2000 etc.), linguists have recognized that languages fall into a small number of types with respect to how they prefer to talk about motion events. English is a good exemplar of the satellite-framed type, whereas French exemplifies the verb-framed type. Translation scholars have observed that translating between languages of two different types raises interesting questions (Slobin 2005; Cappelle 2012), and the topic is also of interest from the perspective of language contact: is it possible for a language of one type, in a situation of prolonged and intense bilingualism with a language of another type, to be influenced or perhaps even to change its own rhetorical preferences? The translation corpus provides a body of data which holds constant the starting point – the cue in each case was an English motion event in the source text. We do indeed find that Welsh and Breton have diverged in important ways in terms of their preferences for encoding motion events: Breton is revealed to have moved significantly in the direction of French with respect to these preferences.

scholarly journals On historical language contact in English and its types: state of the art and new directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Lavidas ◽  
Alexander Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Language ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Early English

AbstractThis article presents the state of the art of current research on the different types of language contact in early English. The article’s main aim is to show what kinds of phenomena have been investigated until now as possible areas of transfer/borrowing from other languages. We examine the main contact scenarios in Old and Middle English, which involve Latin, Celtic, French and Old Norse. We locate unanswered questions and underexamined hypotheses of historical language contact. We argue that the articles of the Special Collection on Language Contact in the History of English open new directions in the way we can investigate the role of early language contact in the development of English. New methodologies of research, the role of bilingualism in language change but also of the written types of contact, and the various domains of change in grammar, lexicon, and pragmatics offer insights into old and new hypotheses on scenarios of language contact.

Modern Greek V V dvandva compounds: A linguistic innovation in the history of the Indo-European languages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Asian Languages

This paper deals with [V V] dvandva compounds, which are frequently used in East and Southeast Asian languages but also in Greek and its dialects: Greek is in this respect uncommon among Indo-European languages. It examines the appearance of this type of compounding in Greek by tracing its development in the late Medieval period, and detects a high rate of productivity in most Modern Greek dialects. It argues that the emergence of the [V V] dvandva pattern is not due to areal pressure or to a language-contact situation, but it is induced by a language internal change. It associates this change with the rise of productivity of compounding in general, and the expansion of verbal compounds in particular. It also suggests that the change contributes to making the compound-formation patterns of the language more uniform and systematic. Claims and proposals are illustrated with data from Standard Modern Greek and its dialects. It is shown that dialectal evidence is crucial for the study of the rise and productivity of [V V] dvandva compounds, since changes are not usually portrayed in the standard language.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF TEA IN THE MARKETS OF TURKESTAN IN THE XIX-XX CENTURIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Maxfuza Mamatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
General Description ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

This article deals with the general description of tea in the markets of Turkestan,provides an overview of the history of our country in the XIX-XX centuries, which based on archival materials and sources. This article tells about the types and varieties of tea consumed by our people, about the different types of tea that replace tea, where they were brought from, the meanings of their historical names and the consumption that was loved by our people.

Zum Einsatz von Definitionen in Pädagogik und Erziehungswissenschaft

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Thomas Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Genre

Abstract On the Use of Definitions in Pedagogy and Educational Science. A Historical Journey with Systematic Intent In the academic genre of pedagogy and educational science, definitions were used from the very beginning. The question is if it is possible to differentiate between types of definitions within the history of these sciences. To answer this question the paper revives two different types of traditional definitions in order to generate a typology of definition usage. The typology can be used as a heuristic instrument for further systematic and historical research.

Los textos del contacto y el discurso jurídico en los Andes (siglos XVI y XVII)

Allpanchis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (79) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Carlos Garatea Grau
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Andean Spanish ◽  
History Of

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar el complejo universo textual producido en el Perú durante el inicial contacto de lenguas y situarlo en la historia del español colonial. A partir de referencias y ejemplos se avanza sobre una compleja realidad, marcadamente heterogénea, que refleja la diversidad inherente al contacto durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Al mismo tiempo, se ofrecen testimonios sobre la importancia del discurso jurídico en el registro del español andino y se concluye enfatizando la notable capacidad verbal de Guamán Poma de Ayala. Abstract The aim of this article is to show the complex textual universe produced in Peru during the language contact and, in particular, in the history of the Spanish colonial. From references and examples when traveling over a complex reality, markedly heterogeneous, that reflects the diversity inherent in the language contact during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. At the same time, offer testimonials about the importance of legal discourse in the register of the Andean Spanish and concludes by highlighting the notable verbal capacity of Guaman Poma de Ayala.

scholarly journals Breton a-marking of (internal) verbal arguments: A result of language contact?

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-766
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Stark ◽  
Paul Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
Potential Case ◽  
Existential Constructions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Pronominal System ◽  
Verbal Arguments

AbstractWe discuss a potential case of borrowing in this paper: Breton a- ‘of’, ‘from’ marking of (internal) verbal arguments, unique in Insular Celtic languages, and reminiscent of Gallo-Romance de/du- (and en-) arguments. Looking at potential Gallo-Romance parallels of three Middle Breton constructions analyzed in some detail (a with indefinite mass nominals in direct object position, a-marking of internal arguments under the scope of negation, a [allomorphs an(ez)-/ahan-] with personal pronouns for internal arguments, subjects (mainly of predicative constructions) and as expletive subjects of existential constructions), we demonstrate that even if there are some semantic parallels and one strong structural overlap (a and de under the scope of negation), the amount of divergences in morphology, syntax and semantics and the only partially fitting relative chronology of the different constructions do not allow to conclude with certainty that language-contact is an explanation of the Breton facts, which might have come into being also because of internal change (bound to restructuring of the pronominal system in Breton). More research is necessary to complete our knowledge of a-marking in Middle Breton and Modern Breton varieties and on the precise history of French en, in order to decide for one or the other explanation.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 398-405
Author(s):  
Takuma Ofuchi ◽  
Aye Myat Myat Zaw ◽  
Bang-on Thepthien
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

THE SOUND OF THE "GOLDEN AGE": PROBLEMS IN PERFORMING ENGLISH VIRGINAL ART

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
O. A. Krasnogorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Composers ◽  
Historical Instruments

The main objective of the article is to investigate the problems of performing compositions by English composers of the XVIth – XVIIth centuries and the history of their sound incarnation. The author analyzes the appeal to the musical art of the "Golden Age" by A. G. Rubinstein, who included in the piano "Historical Concerts" and lectures works by W. Byrd, O. Gibbons, H. Purcell. Considering the specifics of the clavier texture, different types of variations and their influence on the development of instrumental techniques are distinguished. Based on the comparison of the pavane, the article draws conclusions about the stylistic features of various composers. As one of the key problems in creating an interpretation, the author notes the solution to the question of choosing a musical instrument (both between harpsichord and piano and between historical instruments), which has a decisive influence on sound quality. The article examines the experience of A. B. Lyubimov in performing works by English virginalists. Interpreted by G. Gould, the pianist emphasizes the new contemporary hearing of compositions by W. Byrd and O. Gibbons, performed in the same program with the works of A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, A. Berg, which reveals the dialogue of eras.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document