Legitimacy Through Female Lineage? The Role of In-Laws (aṣhār) in the Royal Mamluk Households of the Fifteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-221
Author(s):  
Albrecht Fuess
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Inner Circle

Abstract Presently, the role of in-law relationships in the Middle Eastern historical context has been understudied, even as it is known that high officials could bolster their political prestige and claim to power by marrying or being married to a royal princess. This is especially true in the Mamluk context of the fifteenth century, when it became impossible for sons of reigning sultans to succeed their fathers. These sons were only allowed to ascend the throne for short periods as mere placeholders, as the effective successors who replaced their fathers were usually drawn from among the membership of the inner circle of the Mamluk military elite. Their marker of identity was that they had been imported as young slave boys from regions to the north of the Black Sea or the Caucasian region. Because there were no direct dynastic ties present, a new Mamluk sultan would create a family bond to the old sultan and bolster his legitimacy by becoming his in-law. The following article will therefore look at the process of becoming an in-law at the Mamluk court and the possible consequences of a royal wedding in terms of transmission of legitimacy.

scholarly journals Citizenship, Nation-and State-Building: The Integration of Northern Dobrogea into Romania, 1878-1913

2002 ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Iordachi
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Situated in the northeastern extremity of the Balkan Peninsula, between the lower Danube and the Black Sea, the historical province of Dobrogea has a highly individualized geographical character. The arid steppes in the middle of the province are surrounded by an extensive seacoast in the east, the vast Danube delta in the north, the fertile shores of the Danube in the west, and by the Bulgarian mainland in the south, making up a broad ribbon of land, a kind of "irregular oblong with a waist" (see Map I, page ll).This advantageous geopolitical and commercial location accounts for Dobrogea's tumultuous history. From fifteenth century, Dobrogea functioned as a borderland of the Ottoman Empire and one of the most advanced Muslim military bastions in Southeastern Europe.

Modeling of ecological conditions in the Euxine Basin in the Sarmatian and Maeotian by methods of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
Eleonora P. Radionova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Diatom Flora ◽  
North West ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The North

The associations and ecological conditions of the existence of modern diatoms of the North-West (Pridneprovsky), Prikerchensky and Eastern regions of the subtidal zone of the Black Sea are considered. Based on the unity of the composition of the Present and Sarmatian-Meotian diatom flora, an attempt has been made to model some of the ecological c situation of the Late Miocene Euxinian basin.

Humanism, the Bible, and Erasmus’s Moral World Order

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Tubau
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Just War ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
World Order ◽  
Moral Order ◽  
Moral Formation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Moral World

This chapter sets Erasmus’s ideas on morality and the responsibility of rulers with regard to war in their historical context, showing their coherence and consistency with the rest of his philosophy. First, there is an analysis of Erasmus’s criticisms of the moral and legal justifications of war at the time, which were based on the just war theory elaborated by canon lawyers. This is followed by an examination of his ideas about the moral order in which the ruler should be educated and political power be exercised, with the role of arbitration as the way to resolve conflicts between rulers. As these two closely related questions are developed, the chapter shows that the moral formation of rulers, grounded in Christ’s message and the virtue politics of fifteenth-century Italian humanism, is the keystone of the moral world order that Erasmus proposes for his contemporaries.

Role of suspended matter in controlling beryllium-7 (7Be) in the Black Sea surface layer

2021 ◽  
pp. 103513
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Kremenchutskii ◽  
Gennady F. Batrakov ◽  
Illarion I. Dovhyi ◽  
Yury A. Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Black Sea

Oscillations of the Black Sea sea level in the north part of the coast

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Goryachkin ◽  
V. A. Ivanov ◽  
Yu. A. Stepanyants
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part

Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
George Gotsiridze
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

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