scholarly journals Citizenship, Nation-and State-Building: The Integration of Northern Dobrogea into Romania, 1878-1913

2002 ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Iordachi
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
State Building ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

Situated in the northeastern extremity of the Balkan Peninsula, between the lower Danube and the Black Sea, the historical province of Dobrogea has a highly individualized geographical character. The arid steppes in the middle of the province are surrounded by an extensive seacoast in the east, the vast Danube delta in the north, the fertile shores of the Danube in the west, and by the Bulgarian mainland in the south, making up a broad ribbon of land, a kind of "irregular oblong with a waist" (see Map I, page ll).This advantageous geopolitical and commercial location accounts for Dobrogea's tumultuous history. From fifteenth century, Dobrogea functioned as a borderland of the Ottoman Empire and one of the most advanced Muslim military bastions in Southeastern Europe.

Harvest of Briars

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-158
Author(s):  
A. Wess Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Phase

This chapter examines the competition with the Ottoman Empire and Russia, from the reconquest of Hungary to Joseph II’s final Turkish war. On its southern and eastern frontiers, the Habsburg Monarchy contended with two large land empires: a decaying Ottoman Empire, and a rising Russia determined to extend its influence on the Black Sea littorals and Balkan Peninsula. In balancing these forces, Austria faced two interrelated dangers: the possibility of Russia filling Ottoman power vacuums that Austria itself could not fill, and the potential for crises here, if improperly managed, to fetter Austria’s options for handling graver threats in the west. In dealing with these challenges, Austria deployed a range of tools over the course of the eighteenth century. In the first phase (1690s–1730s), it deployed mobile field armies to alleviate Turkish pressure on the Habsburg heartland before the arrival of significant Russian influence. In the second phase (1740s–70s), Austria used appeasement and militarized borders to ensure quiet in the south while focusing on the life-or-death struggles with Frederick the Great. In the third phase (1770s–90s), it used alliances of restraint to check and keep pace with Russian expansion, and recruit its help in comanaging problems to the north. Together, these techniques provided for a slow but largely effective recessional, in which the House of Austria used cost-effective methods to manage Turkish decline and avoid collisions that would have complicated its more important western struggles.

The Early Expansion of the Kingdom of Mithridates VI

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Duane W. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side

Mithridates VI the Great began his solidified rule by expanding his kingdom, seemingly with the goal of encircling the Black Sea. He gained possession of the ancient territory of Colchis and then strengthened his predecessors’ control of the Bosporos, on the north side of the sea. He also established a presence on the west side of the sea. The locals on the north side of the sea welcomed the king because they were constantly subject to barbarian pressures. There were also economic benefits to the Pontic kingdom in acquisition of the new territories. Mithridates also established a Pontic presence south and west of his kingdom, in Paphlagonia and Galatia. Yet such aggressive actions by the king were noticed by the Romans, even though the northern Black Sea was not in any region of their direct interest.

Legitimacy Through Female Lineage? The Role of In-Laws (aṣhār) in the Royal Mamluk Households of the Fifteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-221
Author(s):  
Albrecht Fuess
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Inner Circle

Abstract Presently, the role of in-law relationships in the Middle Eastern historical context has been understudied, even as it is known that high officials could bolster their political prestige and claim to power by marrying or being married to a royal princess. This is especially true in the Mamluk context of the fifteenth century, when it became impossible for sons of reigning sultans to succeed their fathers. These sons were only allowed to ascend the throne for short periods as mere placeholders, as the effective successors who replaced their fathers were usually drawn from among the membership of the inner circle of the Mamluk military elite. Their marker of identity was that they had been imported as young slave boys from regions to the north of the Black Sea or the Caucasian region. Because there were no direct dynastic ties present, a new Mamluk sultan would create a family bond to the old sultan and bolster his legitimacy by becoming his in-law. The following article will therefore look at the process of becoming an in-law at the Mamluk court and the possible consequences of a royal wedding in terms of transmission of legitimacy.

scholarly journals The Neogene lakes on the Balkan land

2012 ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Krstic ◽  
Ljubinko Savic ◽  
Gordana Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Geological Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Upper Miocene ◽  
The North

Palaeogeographic maps of the lacustrine Miocene and Pliocene have been constructed according to all the known geological data. The Lakes of the Balkan Land, depending on the tectonics, migrated due to causes from the deep subsurface. There are several phases of the Miocene lakes: the lowermost Miocene transiting from marine Oligocene, Lower, Middle, Upper Miocene covering, in patches, the main part of the Land. The Pliocene lakes spread mostly to the north of the Balkan Land and covered only its marginal parts. Other lake-like sediments, in fact freshened parts of the Black Sea Kuialnician (Upper Pliocene), stretched along the middle and southern portions of the Balkan Peninsula (to the south of the Balkan Mt.). Subsequently, the Balkan Peninsula was formed.

scholarly journals Inscriptions from Bizye

1906 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins ◽  
F. W. Hasluck
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

During a visit to Bizye (modern Viza) in February 1906, I gathered the inscriptions which are here published. Mr. Hasluck has supplied the initialled notes and restorations, and I am responsible for the texts only.R.M.D.Viza lies seventy miles to the north-west of Constantinople, and twenty miles to the west of the Black Sea. It was the seat of the chiefs of the Astai (whence ᾿Αστική as a subdivision of Thrace), and afterwards of the Thracian kings whose relationships are discussed below.

scholarly journals Geomorphology of outflow part Batova river valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Ivalena Vulcheva-Georgieva ◽  
Svetla Stankova
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract Firths are geomoiphological and hydrological sites typical for flat, neutral coast of no tidal sea basins. There in the greatest extend is preserved the geological column of the correlative Pleistocene- Holocene sediments. They make possible to reveal the Quaternary evolution of the contact zone „land-sea“. Firths are one of the most reliable indicators for the Quaternary Earth crust movements. Along the Black Sea coast most widely are developed the firths in the north - west and the west periphery, where they form a classic firth type coast. This report examines the results of complex studies of Batova river firth, located (developed) on the North Bulgarian Black Sea coast.

Palanka Forts and Construction Activity in the Late Ottoman Balkans

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
BURCU ÖZGÜVEN
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Ottoman Balkans ◽  
The Military ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter examines military building activity in the region in the light of Ottoman sources preserved in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive in Istanbul and memoirs written by the senior bureaucrats of the Empire. It aims to assess whether the military building programme of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries continued in later periods in the same spirit as in the earlier time of conquests and expansion, or if the empire only supported repairs of existing strongholds. The issue was noted by numerous Ottoman writers as early as the Koçi Bey Risalesi in the seventeenth century. This chapter examines four frontier areas of the Ottoman Empire: the Hapsburg borderland in Croatia; the frontier between Montenegro and southern Herzegovina; the fortress line on the banks of the Danube in Wallachia; and the Danube Delta region near the Black Sea.

The Celts in the north Pontic area: a reassessment

Antiquity ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (257) ◽  
pp. 789-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Ju. Treister
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Exhibition

The recent great exhibition in Venice of Celtic art and artefacts showed once again the intriguing attraction of the Celtic traditions, so influential in our view of old Europe, both western and central. But what about the Celts in the east, and specifically in the region to the north and west of the Black Sea? And what is the relation between that artefactual evidence, Celtic artefacts in the west, and the evidence from the documents?

scholarly journals Investigations of the late Quaternary morphotectonic evolution of the Balkan Peninsula East Part

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Tzanko Tzankov ◽  
Svetla Stankova ◽  
Rosen Iliev ◽  
Ilia Mitkov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Passive Continental Margin ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
East Part ◽  
Morphotectonic Evolution ◽  
Tethys Ocean

AbstractThe East Balkan Peninsula Area was a part from the Tethys Ocean until 72 000 000 years. The pre Maestrichtian geologic-tectonic pattern of cockle of the East Balkan Peninsula Area wasn’t built on the Europe Continental Massif. The modern East Balkan Peninsula Relief is forming during the Late Quaternary time. The East Balkan Peninsula Margin coincides with the border between the Bulgarian and Moesian Continental Microplates from the west and the Black Sea Oceanic Microplatte to the east. This border present the Neo Europe West Passive Continental Margin in the area of the last Tethys Oceanic Fragment – it Black Sea Oceanic Gulf.

scholarly journals From the Adriatic to the Black Sea: The Italian economic and military expansion endeavour in the Balkan-Danube area

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Corrado Montagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Baltic

During the years that followed the end of the Great War, the Adriatic area found itself in a period of deep economic crisis due to the emptiness caused by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The ancient Habsburg harbours, which had recently turned Italian, had lost their natural positions of Mitteleuropean economic outlets toward the Mediterranean due to the new political order of Central-Eastern Europe. Rome, then, attempted a series of economic manoeuvres aimed at improving Italian trade in the Julian harbours, first of all the port of Trieste, and at encouraging Italian entrepreneurial penetration in the Balkans. Resolved in a failure, the desire for commercial boost toward the oriental Adriatic shore coincided with the Dalmatian Irredentism and became a topic for claiming the 1941 military intervention across the Balkan peninsula. Italian geopoliticians, who had just developed the geopolitical discipline in Italy, made the Adriatic-Balkan area one of their most discussed topics. The fascist geopolitical project aimed at creating an economic aisle between the Adriatic and the Black Sea, in order to bypass the Turkish straits and become completion and outlet toward the Mediterranean of the Nazi Baltic-Mitteleuropean space in the north. Rome attempted the agreement with the other Danubian States, which subscribed the Tripartite Pact, in order to create a kind of economic cooperation area under the Italian lead. Therefore, the eastern Italian geopolitical border would have been traced farther from national limes. Rome would have projected his own interests as far as the Danubian right riverside, sharing with Berlin the southern part of that area consisting of territories historically comprehended (and contented) between German and Russian spheres of interest, which the Reich intended to reorganise after the alleged Soviet Union defeat. These Countries, framed by the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black See shores, found themselves entangled once more by geopolitical ties enforced by the interests of foreign Countries. However, these projects remained restricted to paper: the invasion of Yugoslavia turned into a failure and exposed Italy's military weakness; Rome proved to have no authority about the New Order organisation. Italy could dream up about its power only among magazines pages.

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