The Role of Memory in Vorlage-based Transmission: Evidence from Erasures and Corrections

Textus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-273
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vroom
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

AbstractThis article argues that the act of Vorlage-based copying involves a dynamic interplay between both memory and Vorlage. While numerous scholars argue that memory played a significant role in textual transmission in ancient Israel and early Judaism, few have explicitly discussed the role that memory plays in the act of copying a manuscript. This article identifies with greater precision the point in the copying process at which a scribe may rely on long-term memory, rather than his Vorlage. The article will examine three erasures in three Dead Sea scrolls that demonstrate the phenomenon of memory-cued errors, in which a scribe’s long-term memory caused mistakes in the copying process. Not only do these memory-cued errors illustrate the role of memory in the copying process, they also allow for a much clearer and more nuanced understanding of the nature of textual transmission.

The role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Patel ◽  
Reza Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Global Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Kinase C

Abstract Long-term memories are thought to be stored in neurones and synapses that undergo physical changes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and these changes can be maintained for long periods of time. A candidate enzyme for the maintenance of LTP is protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), a constitutively active protein kinase C isoform that is elevated during LTP and long-term memory maintenance. This paper reviews the evidence and controversies surrounding the role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory. PKMζ maintains synaptic potentiation by preventing AMPA receptor endocytosis and promoting stabilisation of dendritic spine growth. Inhibition of PKMζ, with zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP), can reverse LTP and impair established long-term memories. However, a deficit of memory retrieval cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, ZIP, and in high enough doses the control peptide scrambled ZIP, was recently shown to be neurotoxic, which may explain some of the effects of ZIP on memory impairment. PKMζ knockout mice show normal learning and memory. However, this is likely due to compensation by protein-kinase C iota/lambda (PKCι/λ), which is normally responsible for induction of LTP. It is not clear how, or if, this compensatory mechanism is activated under normal conditions. Future research should utilise inducible PKMζ knockdown in adult rodents to investigate whether PKMζ maintains memory in specific parts of the brain, or if it represents a global memory maintenance molecule. These insights may inform future therapeutic targets for disorders of memory loss.

scholarly journals HYPERMNESIA EUPHORIA OR ANY OTHER DESIRABLE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CONSUMER, A PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECT - FIRST AND LEADING ELEMENT IN THE OCCURRENCE AND PRESERVATION OF THE BODY’S DEPENDENCE ON PSYCHOACTIVE FACTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
D G Baitubayev ◽  
M D Baitubayeva
Keyword(s):  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Vegetative Nervous System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Psychotropic Effect

The work shows the role of the vegetative nervous system (VNS) in the functioning of long-term memory, identity mechanisms of long-term memory in the human evolutionary adaptation and substance dependence. It is shown that, depending on the substance of the body are states like pro- gressive adaptation, that the bodycondition, depending on the chemical and psychogenic psychoactive- factors state of the same circle. It proposed the creation of a branch of medicine that combines study of the dependence of the organism, both on the chemical and psychoactive psychogenic factors. Given the classification of psychoactive factors.Onomastics formulated definitions of terminology changes and additions to be used in a new branch of medicine. Proposed allocation of the International Classifica- tion of diseases separate chapter for the classification of states like progressive adaptation of the body depending on psychoactive factors.

scholarly journals Dual Role of an mps-2/KCNE-Dependent Pathway in Long-Term Memory and Age-Dependent Memory Decline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bank G. Fenyves ◽  
Andreas Arnold ◽  
Vaibhav G. Gharat ◽  
Carmen Haab ◽  
Kiril Tishinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Role ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Dependent Pathway

Before the Bible

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
2 Corinthians ◽  
Ben Sira ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social

This book reveals the landscape of scripture in an era prior to the crystallization of the Tanakh, the Jewish Bible, and before the canonization of the Christian Bible. Most accounts of the formation of the Hebrew Bible trace the origins of scripture through source-critical excavation of the archaeological “tell” of the Bible or the text-critical analysis of the scribal hand on manuscripts, but the discoveries in the Dead Sea Scrolls have transformed our understanding of scripture formation. The book focuses not on the putative origins and closure of the Bible but on the reasons scriptures remained open, with pluriform growth in the Hellenistic-Roman period. Drawing on new methods from cognitive neuroscience and the social sciences as well as traditional philological and literary analysis, the book argues that the key to understanding the formation of scripture is the widespread practice of individual and communal prayer in early Judaism. The figure of the teacher as a learned and pious sage capable of interpreting and embodying the tradition is central to understanding this revelatory phenomenon. The volume considers the entwinement of prayer and scriptural formation in five books reflecting the diversity of early Judaism: Ben Sira, Daniel, Jeremiah/Baruch, 2 Corinthians, and the Qumran Hodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns). While not a complete taxonomy of scripture formation, the book illuminates performative dynamics that have been largely ignored as well as the generative role of interpretive tradition in understanding how the Bible came to be.

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