scholarly journals Conservation of Nature in the Marine Environment

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Korringa
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Recreational Value ◽  
Tropical Areas

It was on land that the need for conservation of nature was first felt. Setting aside of noteworthy areas for that purpose often led to a serious clash with other interests. Therefore the need was felt to formulate on a scientific basis which factors should be carefully considered in deciding which sections of the continents should be destined for nature conservation. It turned out that all these factors operate directly or indirectly in the interest of man himself, not for nature as such. An effort is made to study the applicability of all these factors in the marine environment. Comparison with the situation on land leads to the conclusion that the recreational value of the coral reefs in tropical areas requires above all measures for their protection, whereas other factors are already duly taken care of or require no action at all for the time being.

Regime shifts in the marine environment: The scientific basis and political context

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Kraberg ◽  
Norbert Wasmund ◽  
Jan Vanaverbeke ◽  
Doris Schiedek ◽  
Karen H. Wiltshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Regime Shifts

scholarly journals COASTAL-MARINE EXTRACTIVE RESERVES: REFLECTIONS ON THE PRE-IMPLEMENTATION STAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA VIVACQUA
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Extractive Reserves ◽  
Implementation Stage

Abstract This article reflects on the process of institutionalization of Extractive Reserves, more specifically those located in a coastal-marine environment, in light of the concept of community-based co-management. The analysis focuses on the pre-implementation stage of Marine Extractive Reserves, especially two Extractive Reserves on the Santa Catarina coast yet to be decreed. The study demonstrates that the formal prescriptions regulating Resex creation processes designed to ensure mechanisms of social participation and the protagonist role of the traditional populations fail to achieve that end. The hierarchical relationship between nature conservation interests and the rights of traditional populations, favoring the former, permeates this stage of construction and so the artisanal fishermen are not the subjects of the process.

scholarly journals The recreational value of coral reefs: A meta-analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Brander ◽  
Pieter Van Beukering ◽  
Herman S.J. Cesar
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Recreational Value

The ECJ's 'Hard' Control over Compliance with International Environmental Law: Its Procedural and Substantive Aspects

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-305
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Shigeta
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Environmental Treaties ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction

AbstractThis study shows that the ECJ, while not directly applying and interpreting environmental treaties, exercises procedurally and substantively 'hard' control over compliance with EC legislation implementing those treaties, in the fields of nature conservation and hazardous waste management, on certain conditions and within certain limits. This study also shows that the ECJ's acknowledgment of its exclusive jurisdiction on the marine environment as seen in the 2006 MOX Plant case has contradictory effect on its substantively 'hard' control: such acknowledgment, although being a plus factor where there is no Community measure, becomes a minus factor since it in practice means that there already exist Community measures. Although the above observations are also instructive to other international judiciaries' study, structural and situational differences should be considered.

Towards a marine nature conservation strategy

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
J. M. Baxter ◽  
J. G. Munford
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Unstable System ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Natural Regulation ◽  
Apparent Equilibrium ◽  
Biological Richness

The papers presented in this volume clearly demonstrate the biological richness of the marine environment of Scotland. The system is controlled by complex interactions between the various physical, chemical and biological components which together make up the whole. This apparent equilibrium is the result of the natural regulation of what is in fact a highly dynamic and potentially unstable system. The forces involved in applying this overall regulation however are as yet only very poorly understood.

Clearance Levels in Germany: How Do We Know They Are Right?

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Thierfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Multiple Exposure ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Leaching Behaviour

Clearance levels (CL) in Germany have been implemented in the Radiation Protection Ordinance (RPO / Strahlenschutzverordnung StrlSchV) of July 2001 which transforms the EURATOM Basic Safety Standards (BSS) into national legislation. Separate clearance options exist e.g. for metals, building rubble, liquids, buildings, wastes and sites. Meanwhile, the CL have found extensive application at a number of operating nuclear installations in Germany, in particular at those under decommissioning or those which will enter the decommissioning phase soon. The CL are based on extensive studies and have been approved by the competent bodies. Yet there has been and is an ongoing discussion in the interested public whether the basis for the CL is correct. In order to establish a scientific basis for this discussion, a Working Group on Clearance within the German Commission on Radiological Protection (SSK) has been established and studies have been launched by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Key issues comprise inter alia: • comparison of German and international CL (scope, values, method of their derivation, etc.); • review and update of German CL for clearance for disposal as a consequence of changes in the (conventional) waste law; • leaching behaviour of relevant radionuclides from cleared building rubble, especially for the long-term behaviour of radionuclides relevant in contaminated concrete of NPPs; • the possibility of multiple exposure for a single individual from various clearance options; • evaluation of the collective dose which may be caused by clearance in Germany and comparison with the reference value of 1 manSv/a.

5. Marine life in the tropics

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-114
Author(s):  
Philip V. Mladenov
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Tropics

The tropical marine environment encompasses those parts of the Global Ocean where the surface waters are consistently warm throughout the year, rarely falling below 20°C. Coral reefs embody the archetypal image of a tropical marine environment and are globally significant natural systems in terms of their beauty, biological diversity, productivity, and economic significance. ‘Marine life in the tropics’ explains the physical requirements, biology, and productivity of coral reefs. It discusses the physical and biological disturbances on coral reefs that can cause their destruction along with the local-, regional-, and global-scale human impacts on coral reefs before considering the future of coral reefs.

The geochemistry of an Arctic watershed

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Macdougall ◽  
Robert C. Harriss
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
The North ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Tropical Areas

The clay mineralogy and elemental chemistry of soil and sediment samples from a small area of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago were examined. The clay mineralogy reflects a largely physical weathering regime. Some important results of the chemical analyses are: (1) Sedimentation rates of manganese in the Arctic near-shore sediments are similar to those reported for pelagic sediments from other oceans. Manganese in the Arctic sediments does not appear to be derived locally, the most likely source being water which originates in the North Atlantic. (2) Mineral-water reactions that occur during the transition from the terrestrial to the marine environment are limited to ion-exchange reactions. The potassium: rubidium ratio of the sediments is higher than that of the source-area soils. In contrast to findings in temperature and tropical areas, little or no boron is taken up by terrestrial clays as they enter the marine environment in the polar region studied. (3) New data are presented for mercury, palladium, and gold in near-shore sediments. The values found are 30, 2.1, and 2.7 parts per billion, respectively.

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