De Divortio et de Resignatione: A Case of Carolingian Legal Precedent?

Legal precedent for criminalizing the behavior of pregnant women has been established in an attempt to protect the fetus. Elevating fetal rights over maternal rights is based on questionable assumptions and inconclusive medical evidence. These criminalization policies are sexist and serve to victimize poor, pregnant women. This paper examines the evidence and policies and suggests an alternative policy approach to dealing with families with parental drug use issues.

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THE VALUE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LEGAL PRECEDENT, ITS FUNCTIONING IN UKRAINE

International scientific journal Internauka Series Juridical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2308-2021-4-7146 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nataliia Pylhun ◽

◽

Vladyslava Sokhar ◽

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Constitutional Court ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Legal Cases ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Special Procedure ◽

Legal Case ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Legal Precedent ◽

Exclusive Right

The article is devoted to the coverage of one of the current problems of law-making activity of officials and public authorities regarding the value and significance of legal precedent in society. Legal precedent is the main source of law in the Anglo-Saxon legal system, but it is also reflected in the Romano-Germanic legal family. Judicial practice of foreign countries clearly demonstrates the effectiveness and value of judicial precedent in resolving legal cases. The peculiarity of the precedent is that the results of the interpretation of constitutional acts and ordinary laws provided by higher courts are binding on all lower levels of the judiciary. As a result of this approach, a relatively independent type of precedent is formed - the precedent of interpretation, recently the concept of precedent of interpretation is becoming increasingly relevant for Ukraine in connection with the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine has the exclusive right to provide an official interpretation of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on official interpretation are binding on all individuals and legal entities, as well as public authorities and local governments in Ukraine. However, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine carries out interpretive activities not only within the framework of a special procedure, but also during decisions on compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine, laws and other legal acts specified by law. The motivating part of these decisions may contain legal interpretative provisions, which disclose the content of the relevant provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and legal acts, the constitutionality of which has been verified. Judicial precedent has certain advantages in terms of the quality of justice, as it is characterized by special regulation of similar specific life situations, which reduces the level of arbitrariness of officials. However, there is another view of this issue, which denies the effectiveness and reliability of this mechanism, because the court precedent actually denies the individualization of the legal case.

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Considerations that inform the view of whether there is a reasonable prospect of rescuing a company: a decade of legal precedent

Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg ◽

10.47348/tsar/2022/i1a2 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 (1) ◽

pp. 25-49

Author(s):

Patrick O’Brien ◽

Juanitta Calitz

Keyword(s):

Legal Precedent ◽

A Company ◽

Reasonable Prospect

Suid-Afrikaanse howe het oor die afgelope dekade rigting gegee oor die algemene beginsels wat ter sprake kom wanneer die deurlopende vereiste van ’n redelike vooruitsig vir sakeredding van ’n maatskappy oorweeg word. Volgens die hoogste hof van appèl is daar geen algemene minimum voorskrifte om te bepaal of daar ’n redelike vooruitsig vir sakeredding is nie. Dit is dus nie moontlik om ’n afmerklys of templaat te ontwerp van oorwegings wat in hierdie opsig ter sprake kom nie. Daar moet van geval tot geval bepaal word watter oorwegings relevant is om te bepaal of daar ’n redelike vooruitsig vir sakeredding is. Daar moet bepaal word watter gewig aan elke oorweging gegee moet word. Die oorwegings (wat uiteenlopend en selfs teenstrydig mag wees), moet teen mekaar opgeweeg word. Volgens die hoogste hof van appèl is daar twee selfstandige oogmerke vir sakeredding: sakeredding en sakemoord (laasgenoemde wanneer sakeredding wat uitloop op sakemoord, ’n beter opbrengs kan bewerkstellig as onmiddellike likwidasie). In hierdie bydrae word aandag geskenk aan die oorwegings wat in die regspraak oor die afgelope jare ter sprake gekom het om te bepaal of daar ’n redelike vooruitsig vir sakeredding is. Eerstens word die oorwegings bespreek wat by albei oogmerke vir sakeredding ter sprake mag kom, maar moontlik meer relevant is wanneer die oogmerk inderdaad sakeredding is. Daarna word die oorwegings bespreek wat veral ter sprake kom wanneer die oogmerk is dat ’n beter opbrengs bewerkstellig word deur sakeredding as by wyse van likwidasie. Alhoewel hierdie oorwegings geen afmerklys of templaat verteenwoordig nie, word vertrou dat hierdie ontleding van die regspraak, tesame met die algemene beginsels wat volgens die regspraak by die vereiste van ’n redelike vooruitsig vir sakeredding ter sprake kom, van hulp kan wees vir diegene wat met die beantwoording van vrae in verband met hierdie vereiste gekonfronteer word.

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O Sistema de Precedentes no Brasil Como Instrumento de Concretização da Eficácia e Segurança Jurídica

Revista de Ciências Jurídicas e Empresariais ◽

10.17921/2448-2129.2017v18n1p30-39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39

Author(s):

Lincoln Zub Dutra

Keyword(s):

Legal System ◽

Common Law ◽

Civil Law ◽

Legal Precedent ◽

Legal Security

Este artigo aborda o tema o sistema de precedentes no Brasil como instrumento de concretização da eficácia e segurança jurídica, haja vista a imperiosa importância e discussão inerente ao mesmo. A utilização dos precedentes judiciais é um recurso difundido em diversos sistemas jurídicos, em especial, naqueles em que preponderam as características do Common Law. Todavia, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo auferir a influência dos precedentes judiciais no mundo jurídico do Civil Law e, mais especificamente, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, demonstrando assim sua capacidade contributiva para a eficácia e segurança jurídica.Palavras-chaves: Precedentes Judiciais. Eficácia dos Precedentes Judiciais. Segurança Jurídica.AbstractThis article discusses the theme the precedent system in Brazil and the effectiveness accomplishment of instrument and legal security, given the outmost importance and inherent to the same discussion. The use of legal precedent is a widespread feature in various legal system in particular those where the characteristicsof Common Law prevail. However, this study aims to derive the influence of legal precedents in the legal world of Civil Law and, more specifically, the Brazilian legal system, thus demonstrating its contributive ability to the the effectiveness and legal safety.Keywords: Legal Precedent. Effectiveness of Legal Precedent. Legal Security

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Koans and Being There

Patriarchs on Paper ◽

10.1525/california/9780520284067.003.0011 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Alan Cole

Keyword(s):

Twelfth Century ◽

Eleventh Century ◽

English Word ◽

Technical Term ◽

Legal Precedent ◽

Being There ◽

The One

This chapter focuses on koans. The English word “koan” comes from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese gong'an, which means “public case” in the sense of a legal precedent. The term gong'an begins to appear in Chan texts in the first half of the twelfth century as a technical term for a particular literary gesture that had already been in vogue in the eleventh century, one in which an author first selected a particular vignette or dialogue from some older strata of Chan literature and then offered commentary on it, or a poem about it, or often both. Thus, it took at least two Chan masters to make a koan—the one who supposedly first said or did something that was recorded in a Chan text, and a later one who took interest in just that account and developed it with his own commentary and/or poems.

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Yoga Spirituality in the Context of US Institutions

10.1093/oso/9780197565001.003.0014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 262-277

Author(s):

Candy Gunther Brown

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

First Amendment ◽

Social Practice ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Establishment Clause ◽

Legal Context ◽

Legal Precedent ◽

Institutional Contexts

This chapter examines yoga as a spiritual and a social practice. It considers three institutional contexts for interpreting yoga spirituality: religion, law, and education. Social institutions such as public schools and courts of law must arbitrate interpretive contests by formulating and applying definitions for the purposes of educational policy and legal precedent. In making such determinations, it would be naive to accept all assertions of identity and meaning as full disclosures. Sometimes the same people describe the same practice as “spiritual” or “secular,” depending upon whether the legal context is First Amendment religious free exercise clause protection or establishment clause restriction. Decisions about how to categorize practices rest in large part on pragmatic concerns. This case study invites scholars of spirituality to pay closer attention to how legal and social contexts shape how people think and talk about practices in relation to the interpretive categories of “spirituality,” “religion,” and “secularity.”

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