TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) MENUJU "LOW COST TRAINING (LCT)" DALAM MEWUJUDKAN REFORMASI BIROKRASI

ABSTRAK Peran strategis ASN dalam menjalankan tugas pelayanan publik memerlukan manajemen ASN berbasis sistem merit. Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 dan defisit anggaran, disertai besarnya biaya pengembangan kompetensi ASN, jika dihubungkan dengan keterbatasan anggaran, banyak pengembangan kompetensi ASN di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang tidak terlaksana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif kebijakan pengembangan kompetensi ASN di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni penelitian kualitatif, dimana menekankan pada aspek pemahaman secara mendalam terhadap suatu masalah dan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode analisis Fishbone Diagram (diagram tulang ikan) yaitu diagram sebab-akibat yang dapat menjadi penyebab lahirnya suatu kebutuhan. Pengembangan kompetensi di daerah belum sepenuhnya terlaksana secara maksimal. Dengan kebutuhan ketersediaan anggaran yang besar (biaya tinggi) dalam pengembangan kompetensi secara klasikal, cenderung jenis pengembangan kompetensi lainnya tidak dapat dilaksanakan. Dari hasil penelitian, alternatif kebijakan yang diberikan terkait pengembangan kompetensi ASN yaitu dengan metode E-learning, metode tersebut merupakan smart solution pada kondisi saat ini, karena pengembangan kompetensi dengan metode E-learning dapat dilaksanakan dengan biaya murah/low cost training (LCT), sehingga ketersediaan anggaran daerah (APBD) tidak menjadi faktor penghambat dan efektif dari segi waktu dan ruang, sehingga perencanaan pelatihan yang telah disusun dalam Analisis kebutuhan pelatihan lingkup Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dapat dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan dan terpenuhinya kompetensi ASN sesuai dengan kualifikasi yang diinginkan organisasi serta tentunya menjadi acuan dalam pelaksanaan low cost training sebagai sebuah tantangan untuk diimplementasikan, bukan ‘angan’ semata Kata Kunci: ASN, Reformasi Birokrasi, Pengembangan Kompetensi, Rekomendasi Kebijakan ABSTRACT The strategic role of ASN in carrying out public service tasks, government tasks and development tasks requires ASN management based on a merit system. In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and the budget deficit, accompanied by the large cost of developing ASN competencies, if it is associated with budget constraints, many ASN competency development in South Sulawesi Province has not been implemented. The purpose of this study is to provide an alternative policy for developing ASN competence in South Sulawesi Province which cannot be implemented. The research method used in this study is a qualitative approach, emphasizing the aspect of in-depth understanding of a problem and the data collection techniques used, namely, observation and documentation. This study uses the Fishbone Diagram analysis method (fishbone diagram), which is a cause-and-effect diagram that can be the cause of the birth of a need. Competency development in the regions has not been fully implemented optimally. With the need for a largebudget (high cost) in classical competency development, it is likely that other types of competency development cannot be implemented. From the results of the study, the alternative policy given related to the development of ASN competencies is the E-learning method, this method is a smart solution in current conditions, because competency development with the E-learning method can be carried out at low cost / low cost training (LCT), so that the availability of the regional budget (APBD) does not become an inhibiting factor and is effective in terms of time and space, so that the training planning that has been prepared in the analysis of training needs for the South Sulawesi Provincial Government can be carried out continuously and the competence of ASN is fulfilled in accordance with the qualifications desired by the organization and of course become a reference in the implementation of low cost training as a challenge to be implemented, not just a 'wish' Keywords: ASN, Bureaucratic Reform, Competence Development, Policy Recommendations

UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE POLICY FOR HEALTH CARE SPENDING IN BANGLADESH

Health care spending is one of the crucial elements for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh. The main purpose of the policy analysis report is to find out policy option of health care spending for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh by 2030. The underlying objectives of the study are to examine the effectiveness of existing national health policy to ensure universal health coverage for the people of Bangladesh, to evaluate the current health care spending and to develop alternative policy for ensuring universal health coverage 2030. The policy analysis report has been prepared based on identifying the policy problems from the existing content, document research and organizational records and in doing so the multi-goal policy analysis approach and the criteria of measurement set against the goals and objectives of the policy. Data and information of this policy analysis have been accumulated and presented from various secondary sources. The major findings of the policy analysis can be noted that the policy alternative as policy intervention as such introducing multiple health protection schemes and create health protection fund especially for the people living below poverty line for ensuring universal health coverage in Bangladesh and thereby the household out of pocket expenditure will decrease significantly. Therefore, it is suggested and can be implemented in the whole countryfor the sake of ensuring universal health coverage and make accessible of quality health services to the people of Bangladesh. It is also recommended that Bangladesh needs to introduce the health protection schemes at least for the people living below poverty line and the people working in the formal sector.

Critical policy scholarship in education: An overview

This paper presents an overview of critical policy scholarship (CPS) in education. Historically, policy research has been dominated by what is commonly referred to as the policy science tradition, which is positivist in its philosophical stance and instrumentalist in its purpose—it focuses on producing knowledge relevant for policy decisions. However, with the rise of interpretive social inquiry in the 1970s and against the backdrop of unique political developments in the 1980s, CPS emerged as an alternative policy research perspective. This review discusses the scope and foci of CPS in education under four themes: methodological assumptions, interdisciplinary roots, enduring analytical goals, and emerging empirical contexts. Implications of the prevalence of inequality, Big Data and digital panopticon for educational policymaking and policy research are also briefly discussed. The paper concludes that although its foci of analysis have shifted considerably in the last four decades, analytical interest and tools of CPS remain largely unchanged.

An Exploration of Doping in Recreational Welsh Rugby An Ethical Analysis of Policy Responses

Doping is widely misperceived as a problem limited to elite athlete populations. Yet evidence for the occurrence of doping at recreational levels can be found from a variety of sources across a range of sports. Understanding this phenomenon is made problematic because of the difficulties in accessing these athletes. The ambiguity in motivations for doping at this level has led researchers and policy makers to consider whether the problem is more one of public health rather than simply performance-related cheating in sport. This thesis explores the motivations, knowledge, perceived harms, perceptions of anti-doping policy, and the drug use practices of recreational Welsh rugby players, where prevalence is disproportionately high in the UK. Semi structured interviews with recreational Welsh rugby players (n=13) and gym users (n=9) from the South and West Wales region were conducted. Four key themes emerged: (i) the use of doping substances for aesthetic reasons; (ii) a concern for body image that can trigger doping; (iii) a range of problematic risk-taking behaviours; and (iv) lack of concern for anti-doping policy and practice. Given the harms associated with doping, attention was paid to the problem of identifying whether the primary policy response should be driven by health or sport organisations. An alternative policy response within harm reduction is here considered, adapting a contentious framework from the ethics of self-harm. Three broad alternative policy proposals are critically presented in relation to doping in recreational sport: (1) to prevent it; (2) to allow it; and (3) to supervise it. Each model is rejected. Due to the seriousness of the harms associated with doping and the public health threat, it is argued that public health bodies must provide specialist harm reduction for recreational athletes and gym users within Wales, to better protect the health of recreational athletes and the general public.