Abstract. The Direct Radiative Effect (DRE) of aerosols above clouds has been found to be significant over the south-east Atlantic Ocean during the African biomass burning season due to elevated smoke layers absorbing radiation above the cloud deck. So far, global climate models have been unsuccessful in reproducing the high DRE values measured by various satellite instruments. Meanwhile, the radiative effects by aerosols have been identified as the largest source of uncertainty in global climate models. In this paper, three independent satellite datasets of DRE during the biomass burning season in 2006 are compared to constrain the south-east Atlantic radiation budget. The DRE of aerosols above clouds is derived from the spectrometer SCIAMACHY, the polarimeter POLDER, and from collocated measurements by the spectrometer OMI and imager MODIS. All three confirm the high DRE values during the biomass season, underlining the relevance of local aerosol effects. Differences between the instruments can be attributed mainly to sampling issues. When these are accounted for, the remaining differences can be completely explained by the higher cloud optical thickness derived from POLDER compared to the other instruments. Additionally, a neglect of AOT at SWIR wavelengths in the method used for SCIAMACHY and OMI/MODIS accounts for 26 % of the difference between POLDER and OMI/MODIS DRE.
Water types and volumetric considerations of the South-East Atlantic upwelling regime
