scholarly journals International Palaeoentomological Society—20 years after

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
JACEK SZWEDO
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Fossil Insects ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
History Of

Fossilised insects probably brought man’s attention since the prehistory, since first amber with an insect entombed in resin was found. Amber was collected and used by humans first in the Upper Paleolithic period, perhaps as long ago as 20,000 years (Beck et al., 2009; Burdukiewicz, 2009; Płonka & Kowalski, 2017). The written testimonies on amber inclusions goes back to Ancient Rome (Plinius Secundus, 77). During 17th and 18th centuries the inclusions in amber were noted by philosophers (Bacon, 1638), their values discussed and illustrated (e.g., Sendel, 1742) and their importance to understanding the history of life pointed (Kant in Hagen, 1821). Shortly after Linnaeus “Systema Naturae” editions, the first research using binomial names for insect included in the copal was published (Bloch, 1776) and Pleistocene record of Recent beetle was noted by Fabricius (1775). Notes and information on fossil insects from imprints and amber were presented by Lang (1708), Bertrand (1763), Linnaeus (1778) and Volta (1796). The first regular description of beetle inclusion in Baltic amber came from Gravenhorst (1806) and works of de Serres (1828, 1829) seems to be the first with more detailed overview and description of insects as adpression fossils. Therefore, human’s palaeoentomological interests predates official beginning of modern taxonomy and palaeoentomology as science is as old as modern entomology (Azar et al., 2018).

First inclusion of a trichiine beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Baltic amber

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
VITALII I. ALEKSEEV
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Fossil Insects ◽  
Fossil Plant ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Large Flower

Baltic amber forms the largest known Konservat-Lagerstätte of fossil plant resin and the richest repository of fossil insects of any age on Earth. Despite a long history of palaeobiological research of Baltic amber (over 200 years) and really intensive taxonomic study in the last decade, many interesting and new bioinclusions await scientific attention. In the current paper, the brief report of an unique large flower chafer inclusion from the Early Tertiary Baltic amber is provided. The author decided not to formally create a new genus and not to subjectively assign the Eocene beetle to an extant genus. However, the specimen seems to be remarkable and surprising in different aspects. The reported Eocene beetle is: 1) one of the oldest members of the subfamily Cetoniinae and also the earliest fossil record of the tribe Trichiini; 2) the first known representative of the subfamily in Baltic amber; 3) the largest known beetle fossilized in amber; and 4) an unique example of mineralized fossil included in amber.

Idleness and Freedom in Michel de Montaigne’s “Essays”

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Spiritual Quest ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Sextus Empiricus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

The article advances a hypothesis about the composition of Michel de Montaigne’s Essays. Specialists in the intellectual history of the Renaissance have long considered the relationship among Montaigne’s thematically heterogeneous thoughts, which unfold unpredictably and often seen to contradict each other. The waywardness of those reflections over the years was a way for Montaigne to construct a self-portrait. Spontaneity of thought is the essence of the person depicted and an experimental literary technique that was unprecedented in its time and has still not been surpassed. Montaigne often writes about freedom of reflection and regards it as an extremely important topic. There have been many attempts to interpret the haphazardness of the Essays as the guiding principle in their composition. According to one such interpretation, the spontaneous digressions and readiness to take up very different philosophical notions is a form of of varietas and distinguo, which Montaigne understood in the context of Renaissance philosophy. Another interpretation argues that the Essays employ the rhetorical techniques of Renaissance legal commentary. A third opinion regards the Essays as an example of sprezzatura, a calculated negligence that calls attention to the aesthetic character of Montaigne’s writing. The author of the article argues for a different interpretation that is based on the concept of idleness to which Montaigne assigned great significance. He had a keen appreciation of the role of otium in the culture of ancient Rome and regarded leisure as an inner spiritual quest for self-knowledge. According to Montaigne, idleness permits self-directedness, and it is an ideal form in which to practice the freedom of thought that brings about consistency in writing, living and reality, in all of which Montaigne finds one general property - complete inconstancy. Socratic self-knowledge, a skepticism derived from Pyrrho of Elis and Sextus Empiricus, and a rejection of the conventions of traditional rhetoric that was similar to Seneca’s critique of it were all brought to bear on the concept of idleness and made Montaigne’s intellectual and literary experimentation in the Essays possible.

The Experience of Poetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Attridge
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The question this book addresses is whether, in addition to its other roles, poetry—or a cultural practice we now call poetry—has, across the two-and-a-half millennia from the composition of the Homeric epics to the publication of Ben Jonson’s Works and the death of Shakespeare in 1616, continuously afforded the pleasurable experience we identify with the crafting of language into memorable and moving rhythmic forms. Parts I and II examine the evidence for the performance of the Iliad and the Odyssey and of Ancient Greek lyric poetry, the impact of the invention of writing on Alexandrian verse, the performances of poetry that characterized Ancient Rome, and the private and public venues for poetic experience in Late Antiquity. Part III deals with medieval verse, exploring the oral traditions that spread across Europe in the vernacular languages, the importance of manuscript transmission, the shift from roll to codex and from papyrus to parchment, and the changing audiences for poetry. Part IV explores the achievements of the English Renaissance, from the manuscript verse of Henry VIII’s court to the anthologies and collections of the late Elizabethan period. Among the topics considered in this part are the advent of print, the experience of the solitary reader, the continuing significance of manuscript circulation, the presence of poet figures in pageants and progresses, and the appearance of poets on the Elizabethan stage. Tracking both continuity and change, the book offers a history of what, over these twenty-five centuries, it has meant to enjoy a poem.

The Renaissance of Roman Colonization

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Property Distribution ◽  
Carlo Sigonio ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of International Law

The colonization policies of Ancient Rome followed a range of legal arrangements concerning property distribution and state formation, documented in fragmented textual and epigraphic sources. Once antiquarian scholars rediscovered and scrutinized these sources in the Renaissance, their analysis of the Roman colonial model formed the intellectual background for modern visions of empire. What does it mean to exercise power at and over distance? This book foregrounds the pioneering contribution to this debate of the great Italian Renaissance scholar Carlo Sigonio (1522/3–84). His comprehensive legal interpretation of Roman society and Roman colonization, which for more than two centuries remained the leading account of Roman history, has been of immense (but long disregarded) significance for the modern understanding of Roman colonial practices and of the legal organization and implications of empire. Bringing together experts on Roman history, the history of classical scholarship, and the history of international law, this book analyses the context, making, and impact of Sigonio’s reconstruction of the Roman colonial model. It shows how his legal interpretation of Roman colonization originated and how it informed the development of legal colonial discourse, from visions of imperial reform and colonial independence in the nascent United States of America, to Enlightenment accounts of property distribution, culminating in a specific juridical strand in twentieth-century Roman historiography. Through a detailed analysis of scholarly and political visions of Roman colonization from the Renaissance until today, this book shows the enduring relevance of legal interpretations of the Roman colonial model for modern experiences of empire.

scholarly journals History of medicine of Ukraine in ancient times: socio-religious origins of Upper Paleolithic medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2b) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
I.P. Mazur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Religious Origins ◽  
Treatment Of Wounds ◽  
Historical Origins

The article presents historical origins and aspects of development of empirical medicineon the basis of multifactor analysis and comparison of historical events, results of archeological, climatic-geographical, paleobotanical, paleozoological, paleopathological and ethnographic researches, socio-economic activity of primitive man, his religious phenomena and beliefs. The results of archeological excavations of the Upper Paleolithic period on the territory of Ukraine are presented, which testify to the presence of “Paleolithic bath” buildings, where the treatment of wounds of hunters and diseases of members of the community was carried out. Data on the role and influence of totemmagical beliefs on the life and worldview of primitive man are presented.

scholarly journals The science of rumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Crescimbene ◽  
Federica La Longa ◽  
Tiziana Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Urban Legends ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Final Question ◽  
Second World

<p>This study takes a soft scientific cut to talks about rumors, hoaxes and urban legends. Social psychology, more elegantly, uses the latin word rumor (rumour in British English), which means sound, voice, or gossip. In social, economical, political, cultural and scientific communication, rumors indicate news that is presumed true, that circulates without being confirmed or made evident. The scientific history of rumors is briefly described starting from the period of ancient Rome, throughout the Second World War and the Internet era, up to today. We will try to answer some questions that can be useful to scientists today. What are rumors? How are they born? How do they spread? By which laws are they regulated? How do we need to fight them? A final question regards the collocation of rumors into modern science. Science today is divided into ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ science (the latter of which generally lacks a basic mathematical structure); these terms, respectively, indicate the natural sciences, which investigate Nature, and the social/human sciences, which investigate man in all his facets. Maybe rumors can be thought of as a bridge suspended between two banks: those of ‘scientific truth’ and ‘human truth’.</p>

scholarly journals HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN ANCIENT ROME

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Нодиржон Хайриев ◽  
Nodirzhon Khayriev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence

This article studies historical-legal aspects of such issues as organization and development of criminal procedure in Ancient Rome, types of criminal procedure in this state, peculiarities of criminal procedure organization on the basis of the Laws of the twelve tables, legal status of officials, reviewing cases, as well as issues of guaranteeing fairness of the courts, specific to the ancient roman legal and institutional framework. Based on the historical development of the state and law, the author presents a different classification of the development stages of Ancient Rome and history of the Roman (Civil) Law. The author pays special attention to studying procedural law aspects, in particular, to the issues of particular characteristics of criminal procedure and judicial examination, evidence law, procedure of instituting court proceedings, hearings of cases in courts and adoption of relevant court decisions. The author conducts thorough analysis of the main stages of a criminal process, which, as the author assumes, consist of two parts — bringing of a suit, evaluation of evidence and documents, checking the accuser’s requirements, as well as reviewing claims under the lawsuit and submitted evidence, judicial examination.

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