Helicobacter pylori in the clinic of internal medicine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the literature on the problem of the possible relationship of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of various extragastric pathologies - diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and multiple sclerosis. It is possible that Helicobacter pylori infection plays an independent role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Vladimir Viktorovich Bobin: scientist — anatomist, teacher, representative of the medical dynasty.

The article presents not only the official data on the professor of the Department of Normal Human Anatomy at Kharkiv National Medical University, Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences of National Progress, Honorary Academician of the International Academy of Integrative Anthropology, Doctor of Medical Sciences Vladimir Viktorovich Bobin, but also the memories of students and relatives of the scientist. Shownthe portrait of an intellectual person, Teacher, a loving father and grandfather, such as Professor V.V. Bobin. In the article, the biography of the scientist is shown against the background of historical events in the country. The role of father Viktor Vladimirovich Bobin and academician Vladimir Petrovich Vorobyov in the formation of the character and scientific interests of V.V. Bobin.

Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes

The purpose of this review article is to analyze current information on the molecular mechanisms of gestational diabetes and the prospects for their use in the further development of new effective treatments for this common pathology. Decreased ability of insulin to bind to its receptor, decreased IRS-1 expression and GLUT-4 translocation, and increased levels of p85α-PI-3 kinase subunits are involved in the development of insulin resistance during pregnancy. In gestational diabetes, there are not only more significant changes of the above mentioned indicators, but also increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors: TNF-α, IL-6, leptin and decreased insulin-sensitizing factors: adiponectin and PPAR-γ. Therapeutic measures aimed at normalizing the secretion of cytokines and adipokines reduce the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications and require further development

D. K. Zabolotny as the one out of the founders of the domestic microbiological school: activity of the scientist at the head of allukrainian academy of SCIENCES

The artiсle examines the activities of the outstanding domestic epidemiologist Danilo Zabolotny as president of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. During this time a new version of its charter was developed and adopted. Despite the illness, the head of the Academy of Sciences constantly carried out field visits, which helped to determine the list of the most pressing problems, the solution of which could be found in the walls of the UAS. A significant achievement of the scientist was the discovery the Institute of Microbiology and Virology on the base of UAS in the summer of 1928. Danylo Zabolotny personally supervised personnel policy, attracting young scientists to work at the academy, which contributed to the emergence of scientific schools. Thanks to his efforts, the material and technical base of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and its provision with scientific literature have been significantly improved. It is concluded that the significance of Danylo Zabolotny’s activity as the president of the Academy of Sciences is primarily in the large organizational work aimed at establishing a close connection between theory and practice, the correspondence of scientific knowledge to the requirements of time

Interdisciplinarity of History of Medicine and Narrowness of the Modern Domestic Historical and Medical Field

Author provided a classification of modern historical and medical knowledge. Further, the author convincingly proved that certain distortions and disproportions had been developed in the modern domestic historical and medical discourse. This conclusion has been done basing on analysis of publications and speeches at scientific forums of Ukrainian historians of medicine in recent years, and applying problem-chronological as well as comparative-historical research methods. Medical researchers have been trying to undertake a reconstruction of socio-cultural components of the discipline, but without sufficient mastering historical instruments. As a result, works of low quality have published. The author recommended physicians who study History of Medicine to investigate problems of development of medical science and practice, and leave problems of social relations for professional historians.

Our Success in the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure in Coronovirus Patients Using Non-invasive Ventilation

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is still at its peak, causing thousands of deaths every week. Since the beginning of the coronavirus (just a few months ago), our understanding of the disease has grown rapidly. While there are several large randomized drug trials currently underway, current survival from severe COVID-19 is entirely dependent on providing the best supportive care possible. To determine the benefits of NIV in ARF in patients with COVID-19. The study included 25 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the AMU surgical clinic during the period from April 1 to August 1, 2020. Our experience with NIV has shown that the majority of patients undergoing NIV tolerate this procedure relatively well at the initial stage. However, in a number of patients during the first minutes or hours of NIV, there is no improvement in their condition (clinical parameters and gas exchange) or the procedure is poorly tolerated; the proportion of such patients is usually about 15–35%. Non-invasive ventilation of the lungs was carried out with an oral-nasal mask using an ELISA ventilator. The parameters were set and adjusted according to the general state and according to blood gas data 4 times a day: RR <35, pH> 7.30, neurological dysfunction according to the Kelly scale> 3-5, modified with a scale for determining the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles <3 points. With hypercapnia, the following parameters were set: Ps – 12, PEEP – 6 cm water column, FiO2 -30-40%, and with hypoxemia – Ps – 12, PEEP – 5 cm water column, FiO2 -50-60 %. The median treatment period with NIV was 12 days. The average daily treatment time with NIV on the first day was 16.5 hours, on the second day – 17.2 hours and on the third day 15.7 hours. The patient was discharged on the 18th day with improvement.

The importance of vaspin in external and internal secretory activity of the pancreas

To analyze the data of the scientific literature on the importance of vaspin as a pathogenetic link in the development of insufficiency of exocrine function of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes patients in combination with chronic pancreatitis and. Literary sources were searched in the scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science, using the electronic search system Pubmed, mainly for the last 5 years. The search terms were: “type 2 diabetes”, “chronic pancreatitis”, “pancreas”, “exocrine function of the pancreas”, “obesity”, “vaspin”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “pancreas », « obesity »,« vaspin ». An increase in the incidence of chronic pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as its severe complications, which are often associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia. Comorbid conditions can contribute to dysfunction of the pancreas. The existing relationships between vaspin level, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis are not well understood. Many authors see the value and information content of vaspin as a biomarker for diagnosing these diseases and predicting treatment outcomes. The study of the effects and mechanisms of action of vaspin is the basis for determining new targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis, both in isolated pathology and in combination.

Damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19

COVID-19 affects not only the respiratory system, but also the cardiovascular system. The damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19 is multifactorial and several mechanisms are involved, including direct invasion, inflammation, thrombosis, autoantibody synthesis, and oxygen imbalance. The inflammation causes the release of cytokines, especially interleukin-6, and damage to cardiomyocytes. The overproduction of cytokines leads to an abnormal inflammatory response called a cytokine storm, which is believed to be the culprit in cardiovascular events in COVID-19 patients. Treatment of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular complications is mostly supportive. The role of pharmacological blocking of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 infection requires further research as the relationship appears to be very complex. To date, professional cardiological societies do not recommend canceling ACE inhibitors or agiotensin II receptor antagonists for patients taking these drugs for other indications. Special care should be taken about the potential cardiovascular side effects of the various therapies used to treat viral infections. When using them, daily monitoring of the QT interval on the ECG is proposed.

Biological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: current ideas and future achievements.

Article presents review of new biological methods for the diagnosis of IBD. The problem of late diagnosis of IBD remains relevant because of increased frequency of adverse consequences of the disease by increasing the length of the period when patients do not receive adequate treatment. Well-known today are biological markers of inflammatory bowel disease, which are determined by non-invasive methods and are often an alternative to colonoscopy. C-reactive protein (CRP) is recognized as one of the most important proteins in the acute inflammation phase. Changes in the content of fecal calprotectin (FCP) in patients with IBD due to the clinical activity of inflammatory bowel disease and are closely related to the extent of colon damage. New fecal biomarkers such as Defensin, Myeloperoxidase, Pyruvate kinase, Lipocalin and others are a sensitive tool for screening for inflammation of the intestine and an indicator of its severity. New fecal markers may help improve the diagnosis, evaluation, and clinical outcomes of treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Levels of fibroblast growth factor and sulfated glycosoaminoglycans in connective tissue metabolism in patients with mitral valve prolapse and type 1 diabetes mellitus

In order to study the influence of the main fibroblast growth factor on the indicators of the state of the main substance of the extracellular matrix, a comparative analysis of their levels in the blood serum was carried out in persons with mitral valve prolapse and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The data obtained showed that the highest level of FGF-2 was observed in patients with a combination of MVP and type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with isolated MVP and diabetes, the control group (p <0.01) Level II of the GAG ​​fraction, which is represented in the main substance of the extracellular the matrix of the heart valve apparatus was also the highest in comorbid pathology, significantly differing from the control group (p <0.05). The level of GAG fraction III was higher among diabetic patients, regardless of the presence or absence of MVP, which is associated with the localization of this GAG fraction in the basement membranes of blood vessels and may be one of the elements of the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy