Performance of Cryptographic Hash function used in Digital Forensic tools

Cryptographic hash functions are which transform any long message to fixed-length data. It seeks to ensure the confidentiality of the data through the cryptographic hash. The digital forensic tool is a method for extracting information from various storage devices, such as hard drives, memory. SHA-1 and SHA-2 methods are both widely used in forensic image archives. The hash method is usually used during evidence processing, the checking of forensic images (duplicate evidence), then at the completion of the analysis again to ensure data integrity and forensic evaluation of evidence. There was a vulnerability called a collision in the hashing algorithm in which two independent messages had the same hash values. While SHA-3 is secure than its former counterparts, the processors for general purposes are being slow and are not yet so popular. This task proposes a basic yet successful framework to meet the needs of cyber forensics, combining hash functions with other cryptographic concepts, for instance, SALT, such as modified secured hash algorithm (MSHA). A salt applies to the hashing mechanism to make it exclusive, expand its complexity and reduce user attacks like hash tables without increasing user requirements.

Development and Evaluation of Evidence Based Patient Education Booklet in Hindi Language for Prevention of Shoulder Pain in Paraplegia

Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most frequent complaints of Paraplegia with a prevalence reported to range from 50% to 60%.It has been attributed to the increase in upper extremity (UE) weight bearing following lower extremity paralysis. Purpose of the study: To develop and Evaluate an Evidence Based Patient Education Booklet in Hindi Language for Prevention of Shoulder Pain in Paraplegia along with pictorial presentation. Design: A methodological study Method: It consist of 4 steps. 1) Literature review and informal interview of 2 doctors, 7 physiotherapists, 5 occupational therapists and 10 patients were used to determine the domains of the education booklet. 2) Development of content of the evidence based patient education booklet according to domains found in step 1 and develop a rough draft of booklet in Hindi Language. 3) Evaluation of the evidence based booklet by expert panel using SAM and to modify the booklet to produce the final booklet draft. 4) Pilot study on patients to take their views regarding the booklet developed. Results: The domains found in step 1 were: Education about pain, Education about the treatment options, Ergonomics modifications, Positioning, Wheel chair selection and transfer techniques, Exercises, General precautions. The content was developed in step 2. In step 3 the SAM score is- 88.13% and final booklet was produced after modification. In step 4 the patient rated the booklet easy to read and understand with an overall rating of 9/10 Conclusion: The developed patient education booklet came out to be easy to read and understand and of superior quality according to Suitability assessment of material questionnaire and hence should be made a part of patient education. Keywords: Patient education booklet, Shoulder pain in paraplegia, Suitability assessment of material questionnaire, booklet in Hindi language, Pain prevention and management, Health education material

The importance of adherence to international standards for depositing open data in public repositories

There has been an important global interest in Open Science, which include open data and methods, in addition to open access publications. It has been proposed that public availability of raw data increases the value and the possibility of confirmation of scientific findings, in addition to the potential of reducing research waste. Availability of raw data in open repositories facilitates the adequate development of meta-analysis and the cumulative evaluation of evidence for specific topics. In this commentary, we discuss key elements about data sharing in open repositories and we invite researchers around the world to deposit their data in them.

Free Evaluation of Evidence: Does the icc need a Law of Evidence?

The International Criminal Court appears to have adopted a sui generis legal framework which favours the oldest features of both the common law and the continental law. Historically, the common law and continental legal systems have conceived questions of evidence and proof differently. Therefore, modes of judicial thinking are also different. The continental approach in the Bemba case freely evaluated the evidence. The common law approach evaluated the evidence against the burden of proof. Even though free evaluation may assist the truth-seeking mission of the Court on admissibility, the decision at the end of the trial requires rigorous evaluation only against the burden of proof. The common law of evidence provides a judicial thinking process for evaluating evidence, but free evaluation does not. This paper addresses whether the icc should develop its own evidence law to provide a route of rigorous judicial thinking when weighing evidence at the deliberation phase.

Awareness level on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation in Nigeria

The main aim of forensic science is to gather intelligence to enable the judge to credible and logical decisions in the court by means of scientific approach through evaluation of evidence for the administration of justice, and country around the world now considers forensic methodology as the gold standard for criminal investigation. Therefore, the present study examined the level of awareness on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation in Nigeria. The design used in this study is the survey research design and the sample size of this study was a total of one hundred personnel of law enforcement and the judiciary. The study adopted descriptive statistics which involves the use of frequency and percentage. The result of the present study revealed that the participants were distributed socio-demographically as follows; there was an observable higher number of male participants (68%) relative to the female participants (32%), As per age distribution, a larger population of the participants were found to be > 40 years of age with 55%, and it was observed that age between 35-39 years ranked the least with 15%. On educational level, the result of the present study revealed that majority of the participants possesses a bachelor’s degree as the highest level of educational qualification with 75% from a pool of 100% of participants. The present study further examined responses on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation, and the result revealed an inadequate level of awareness on the relevance of forensics in criminal investigation. Therefore, the study recommends that the Nigerian Police Force and the Judiciary should collaborate with Universities running programs on forensics for trainings.

Evaluation of Evidence-Based Interventions for the Nurse Coach Scope of Practice Within the Omaha System Guidelines Corpus

The purpose of this study was to examine nurse coach scope of practice in relation to existing evidence-based guideline interventions using the Omaha System. The majority of interventions were within scope for nurse coach practice, and problem, category, and target terms showed differential nurse coach practice applicability across interventions. The Omaha System terminology was aligned with nurse coach practice in that both represent and employ comprehensive and holistic perspectives. This study provides a platform for multiple initiatives in nurse coach quality and documentation and provides a methodology for examining the Omaha System guidelines and interventions for other interprofessional roles.

Proven Facts, Beliefs, and Reasoned Verdicts

Proven Facts, Beliefs and Reasoned Verdicts challenges a subjectivist conception of factfinding by tying the very concept of “proof” and the applicable proof standards and burdens to the duty of giving reasons for trial verdicts. The chapter examines the link between the Roman-Germanic and English-speaking legal traditions and concludes that evidential subjectivism still predominates in civil law countries in the name of the free evaluation of evidence. It aims to demonstrate that there is a close relationship between the concept of proof, standards of proof, and the way in which the duty of giving reasons for trial verdicts, and even the possibility of complying with this duty, are understood. Specifically, it reinforces the fact that if proof is conceptually linked to the beliefs or convictions of the trier of fact, it is impossible to sustain the idea of giving reasons as a justification of the decisions about facts.