Magnolia sinostellata and relatives (Magnoliaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
YA-LING WANG ◽  
ERLAND EJDER ◽  
JIAN-FEN YANG ◽  
RAO LIU ◽  
LI-MING YE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Magnolia Sinostellata ◽  
Normal Meiosis

Magnolia sinostellata has been considered a synonym of Magnolia stellata by several taxonomists due to many shared morphological characters. With similar leaves and twigs, Magnolia amoena is distributed in areas near M. sinostellata. These three species were studied by comparing morphological, cytological and palynological characters, creating a maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree based on plastid DNA sequences and studying these taxa in the field. The results are as follows: M. sinostellata is a diploid, 2n=2x=38, and there are heterozygotes with paracentric inversion chromosomes in wild populations. Magnolia stellata is also a diploid, and there are heterozygotes with pericentric inversion chromosomes in wild populations. The abnormal chromosome behaviour in meiosis has serious effects on survival of the two species. Magnolia amoena is diploid with more or less normal meiosis except for a few lagging chromosomes in anaphase I and II. Magnolia stellata has a more complicated exine sculpture than the other two; exine structure is different in all three species. Separate species status for M. sinostellata is also supported by results of the plastid DNA phylogenetic study. Distributions, population descriptions and observations are provided, and based on all the evidence presented we conclude that M. sinostellata is a distinct species in M. subgenus Yulania. 

Mitochondrial DNA sequence evidence supporting the recognition of a new North Atlantic Pseudostichopus species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Solís-Marín ◽  
David S.M. Billett ◽  
Joanne Preston ◽  
Alex D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the synallactid sea cucumber genus Pseudostichopus is described, P. aemulatus sp. nov., based on genetic (DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I [COI] gene) and morphological characters. A comparative molecular study with two other species of the same genus (P. villosus and P. mollis) and from a different family (Isostichopus fuscus) was carried out in order to clarify its taxonomic identity. The nucleotide distance between P. aemulatus sp. nov. and P. villosus and P. mollis is sufficient to support distinct species status. The estimated difference in the number of amino acids, coded for by a partially sequenced COI gene, within the species of the family Synallactidae ranged from 4 to 18. The phylogenetic analysis clearly supports separate species status of these sympatric morphotypes, as indicated by the morphological analysis.

Phylogeny of the genus Tethya (Tethyidae: Hadromerida: Porifera): molecular and morphological aspects

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1615-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Heim ◽  
Michael Nickel ◽  
Franz Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Character Set

The genus Tethya represents a large cosmopolitan group of 81 recognized and a significant number of additional, still undescribed sponge species. The phylogenetic relationships within this old taxon are almost unknown. This is represented by the fact that several species are regarded as cosmopolitan. However, some of them might represent groups of closely related but distinct species. Using molecular and morphological characters, we aimed at a fundamental phylogenetic study for the genus Tethya, evaluating an existing morphological matrix and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) as a molecular marker. Intending to create a basic phylogenetic framework for the genus we selected a number of species from main biogeographic regions covered by Tethya species: from the Mediterranean Sea (T. citrina and T. aurantium), the northern European seas (T. citrina, T. norvegica and T. hibernica), the western Atlantic (T. actinia), the eastern Pacific (T. californiana), the Indo-Pacific (T. seychellensis) as well as three species of unknown biogeographical origin, originally described from aquarium habitats (T. wilhelma, T. gracilis and T. minuta). Both the morphological matrix, consisting of 29 characters and 131 character states, as well as the molecular matrices (COI nucleotide sequences of 658 bp as well as deduced amino acid sequence of 219 aa), resolved major biogeographical subgroups within the genus. However, the nucleotide based matrices revealed a higher resolution. Two major branches seem to have diverged early: an Indo-Pacific (T. seychellensis, T. wilhelma, T. minuta) and a Pan-European clade (T. citrina, T. norvegica, T. hibernica). For T. aurantium as well as a North-American group (T. californiana, T. actinia and T. minuta) our results are not conclusive. The morphological character set will have to be re-evaluated to gain a higher phylogenetic resolution. The addition of more species to our basal phylogenetic framework will allow analysing the evolution of the various biogeographical subgroups in the genus Tethya.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic study of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) based on combined nuclear and plastid DNA sequences

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássio van den Berg ◽  
Wesley E. Higgins ◽  
Robert L. Dressler ◽  
W. Mark Whitten ◽  
Miguel A. Soto-Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study

On the conflicting generic delineation in the Onopordum group (Compositae, Cardueae - Carduinae): a combined nuclear and plastid molecular approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals ◽  
Kostyantyn Romashchenko ◽  
Alfonso Susanna
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Sectional Rank

The limits of the genera that compose the Onopordum group of the Cardueae–Carduinae are difficult to establish. There are two main life forms; one is exemplified in the genus Onopordum, which includes only biennial colonisers in the Mediterranean region and temperate Eurasia; the second life form is exemplified in the group of perennial herbs of the genera Alfredia, Ancathia, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Synurus, Syreitschikovia and Xanthopappus, all of them growing in the mountains of central Asia. We explored relationships among the genera of the complex by using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of a combined dataset of nuclear and plastid DNA sequences. Our results confirmed that the group is natural and the two life forms correspond to well defined entities. Generic limits within the eight central Asian genera are, however, very difficult to establish. Our results suggested that the present genus circumscription is artificial, especially for the largest genus, Olgaea, which appears paraphyletic. Some solutions are suggested. The most preferable might be lumping all small genera together in a broadly redefined genus Alfredia, and assigning sectional rank to the natural groups that result from correlating morphology with our molecular results. However, none of the possible solutions is free of problems because morphological characters and molecular phylogeny are not fully congruent. Some considerations on the origin and peculiar adaptations for becoming a successful coloniser shown by Onopordum are also offered, finding parallels to these adaptations in other examples of biennial colonisers within subtribe Carduinae.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy confirms the species status of the Himalayan langurs, Semnopithecus schistaceus Hodgson 1840

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunal Arekar ◽  
S. Sathyakumar ◽  
K. Praveen Karanth
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Hanuman Langur ◽  
As Species

AbstractTaxonomy is replete with groups where the species identity and classification remain unresolved. One such group is the widely distributed Hanuman langur (Colobinae: Semnopithecus). For most part of the last century, Hanuman langur was considered to be a single species with multiple subspecies. Nevertheless, recent studies using an integrative taxonomy approach suggested that this taxon is a complex, with at least three species. However, these studies did not include the Himalayan population of the Hanuman langur whose taxonomic status remains unresolved. The Himalayan population of Hanuman langurs have been classified as a distinct species with multiple subspecies or have been subsumed into other species. These classification schemes are wholly based on morphological characters and which are sometimes insufficient to delimit different species. Here, we have integrated data from multiple sources viz. morphology, DNA, and ecology to resolve the taxonomy of the Himalayan langur and to understand its distribution limit. Our results with three lines of evidence corresponding to three different species concepts show that Himalayan langur is a distinct species from S. entellus of the plains. Additionally, these results did not show any support for splitting of the Himalayan langur into multiple subspecies. Our study supports the classification proposed by Hill (1939) and we recommend Semnopithecus schistaceus, Hodgson 1840 as species name for the Himalayan langur and subsume all the known subspecies into it.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis reveals Finnish Formica fennica populations do not form a separate genetic entity from F. exsecta

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Maria Hakala ◽  
Perttu Seppä ◽  
Maria Heikkilä ◽  
Pekka Punttila ◽  
Jouni Sorvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

Coptoformica Müller, 1923 is a subgenus of Formica Linnaeus, 1758 that consists of c. a dozen species of ants that typically inhabit open grassy habitats and build small nest mounds. The most recent addition to the group is Formica fennica Seifert, 2000. The description was based on morphological characters, but the species status has not been confirmed by molecular methods. In this study, we use thirteen DNA microsatellite markers and a partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence to assess the species status of F. fennica, by comparing the genetic variation among samples identified as F. fennica and six other boreal Formica (Coptoformica) species. Most of the species studied form separate, discontinuous clusters in phylogenetic and spatial analyses with only little intraspecific genetic variation. However, both nuclear and mitochondrial markers fail to separate the species pair F. exsecta Nylander, 1846 and F. fennica despite established morphological differences. The genetic variation within the F. exsecta/fennica group is extensive, but reflects spatial rather than morphological differences. Finnish F. fennica populations studied so far should not be considered a separate species, but merely a morph of F. exsecta.

Hybridization in the Temperate Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae): A Phylogenetic Study Using AFLPs and cpDNA Sequence Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Jimmy K. Triplett ◽  
Lynn G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Cpdna Sequence

Abstract—The temperate bamboos are a taxonomically difficult group with nearly 600 species in approximately 30 genera and at least 12 constituent lineages. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were explored using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data in comparison with a phylogeny based on plastid DNA sequences, with an emphasis onArundinariaof North America and its allies in East Asia (theArundinariaclade). Molecular analyses involved 248 individuals in 10 genera and 60 species. Hybridization was detected both within and among genera. Comparative analyses indicated hybrid origins for species in several widespread and well-known genera, includingHibanobambusa,Sasaella, andSemiarundinaria. Evidence also indicated thatPseudosasa japonica(the type species ofPseudosasa) is an intergeneric hybrid involvingPleioblastusandSasamorpha. In addition, cryptic hybrids were detected within and amongPleioblastus,Sasa, andSasamorpha. After accounting for hybrids, phylogenetic analyses of AFLP data provided resolution for core lineages in theArundinariaclade, includingPleioblastussensu stricto,Sasas. s., andSasamorpha.AFLP data also provided evidence for the monophyly of the North American cane bamboos (Arundinaria, three species) but failed to identify their closest relative among the East Asian taxa. The broader evolutionary implications of hybridization in the temperate bamboos are discussed along with recommendations for future studies.

Molecular Systematics of Australian Carrion-breeding Blowflies of the Genus Calliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Wallman ◽  
M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Species Groups

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine the systematic affinities of nine forms of carrion-breeding blowfly of the genus Calliphora: C. stygia, C. albifrontalis, C. augur, C. dubia, C. hilli hilli, C. hilli fallax, C. varifrons, C. sp. nov., and C. maritima. The results (1) confirm the species status of all forms currently described as such, (2) support a return to the ranking of C. hilli fallax as a full species, C. fallax, (3) support the recognition of C. sp. nov. as a distinct species, and (4) indicate that distinct Kangaroo Island and adjacent mainland subpopulations appear to exist in at least three species. The allozyme data also strongly support the placing of eight of the forms into three separate species-groups on morphological grounds, and the placement of C. maritima in a fourth group. However, on the basis of these data, the comparative genetic affinities of the parasitic blowfly Onesia tibialis suggest that Calliphora in its current form may be paraphyletic.

A phylogenetic approach to the Philippines endemic centipedes of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), with the description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4483 (3) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
CARLES DOMÉNECH ◽  
VICTOR M. BARBERA ◽  
EDUARDO LARRIBA
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
A New Species

The genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 is represented in the Philippines’ fauna by five species, two of which are endemic. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were obtained from six Scolopendra specimens belonging to two endemic species and a new one, described here as Scolopendra paradoxa Doménech sp. nov. These sequences were analyzed together with another forty-one sequences from GenBank, including additional species of Scolopendra and a few representatives of other Scolopendridae genera. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the COI analysis using maximum likelihood and neighbor joining showed the three Philippines Scolopendra endemic species as a polyphyletic group coherent with their respective morphologies, although the position of S. spinosissima Kraepelin, 1903 varied within the obtained trees. Species delimitation based on standard external morphological characters was also concordant with the observed genetic distances, monophyly and node support, confirming S. subcrustalis Kronmüller, 2009 and S. paradoxa sp. nov. as separate species also at the molecular level, while only the position of S. spinosissima could not be properly established with any of the statistical methods used. In addition, the male genitalia of the three studied species were found to lack gonopods and a penis. Remarks on the ultimate legs prefemoral spinous formula of S. spinosissima plus a key to the species of the genus Scolopendra in the Philippines are provided. 

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