Carajasia (Rubiaceae), a new and endangered genus from Carajás mountain range, Pará, Brazil

Carajasia is described as a new genus of Rubiaceae. It is so far known only from the mountain summits of Serra dos Carajás (Pará, Brazil), where it is part of a shrubby vegetation surrounded by tropical rainforest. The new genus belongs to the tribe Spermacoceae and is positioned within it to the Spermacoce clade. Carajasia is unique within the clade in having a very particular combination of characters: flowering branches with two axillary flowers per node, homostylous flowers, corollas with a fringe of moniliform hairs, pubescent styles with distinct stigma lobes, bilobed nectariferous discs covered by triangular papillae, pollen with a double reticulum and fruits with a peculiar type of dehiscence. A detailed description of Carajasia is presented, including observations of the fruit and pollen, along with distribution maps and images of the plant in its habitat. A dichotomous key to distinguish Carajasia from other genera with deeply divided stigmas is provided. A molecular phylogenetic study was carried out using ITS and ETS sequences to determine the phylogenetic position of the new genus within the Spermacoce clade. The results of the combined analyses demonstrated that Carajasia is sister to Galianthe with moderate to high support. Both genera form a weakly supported clade with Schwendenera. This clade is sister to the other genera of the Spermacoce clade studied in this work. Galianthe and Schwendenera share with Carajasia pollen with a double reticulum, but they are clearly differentiated by suffruticose habit, heterostylous flowers and the pattern of fruit dehiscence. To clarify the phylogenetic position of Carajasia, some morphological characters are discussed based on the molecular results: division of the stigma, pollen types and floral syndrome.

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Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 121-136

Author(s):

Elson Felipe Sandoli Rossetto ◽

Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Original Description ◽

General Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Natural Classification ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Representative Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Reproductive Characters

Several genera of Nyctaginaceae, currently merged under Pisonia, have been described for the Indo-Pacific region. Results from a recent molecular phylogenetic study of tribe Pisonieae showed that Pisonia is non-monophyletic and comprises three well-supported lineages: one including typical Pisonia and allies (Pisonia s.str.), a clade of species which corresponds to the original description of Ceodes and a third lineage whose single representative was formerly treated under the monotypic genus Rockia. Thus, as part of an effort to achieve a natural classification for tribe Pisonieae, this work proposes to re-establish Ceodes and Rockia to accommodate taxa with inconspicuous glands on anthocarps, recognising 21 species (20 for the former and one for the latter), of which 16 are new combinations: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. and Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. A general distribution of each species recognised in this work is also included, along with line drawings and colour pictures of representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia and an updated dichotomous key based on reproductive characters for the nine genera (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella and Rockia) comprising the tribe Pisonieae. Résumé Plusieurs genres de Nyctaginaceae actuellement fusionnés sous Pisonia ont été décrits pour la région Indo-Pacifique. Les résultats d’une récente étude phylogénétique moléculaire de la tribu Pisonieae ont montré que Pisonia est non monophylétique et comprend trois lignées bien supportées: une comprenant Pisonia typique et ses alliés (Pisonia s.str.), un clade d’espèces qui correspond à la description originale de Ceodes et une troisième lignée dont l’unique représentant était auparavant traité sous le genre monotypique Rockia. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’un effort pour parvenir à une classification naturelle de la tribu Pisonieae, ce travail proposons de rétablir les Ceodes et Rockia pour accueillir des taxons avec des glandes discrètes sur les anthocarpes, reconnaissant 21 espèces (20 pour les premières et une pour les dernières), dont 16 sont de nouvelles combinaisons: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. et Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. Une distribution générale de chaque espèce reconnue dans ce travail est également incluse, ainsi que des dessins au trait et des images en couleur des espèces représentatives de Ceodes, Pisonia et Rockia, et préparé une clé dichotomique mise à jour basée sur les caractères reproductifs des neuf genres (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella et Rockia) comprenant la tribu Pisonieae.

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A phylogenetic and taxonomic review of baviine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Baviini)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1004.57526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1004 ◽

pp. 27-97

Author(s):

Wayne P. Maddison ◽

Imara Beattie ◽

Kiran Marathe ◽

Paul Y. C. Ng ◽

Nilani Kanesharatnam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

General Shape ◽

Jumping Spiders ◽

Sequence Capture ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Being Moved ◽

Species Being

The systematics and taxonomy of the tropical Asian jumping spiders of the tribe Baviini is reviewed, with a molecular phylogenetic study (UCE sequence capture, traditional Sanger sequencing) guiding a reclassification of the group’s genera. The well-studied members of the group are placed into six genera: Bavia Simon, 1877, Indopadilla Caleb & Sankaran, 2019, Padillothorax Simon, 1901, Piranthus Thorell, 1895, Stagetillus Simon, 1885, and one new genus, Maripanthus Maddison, gen. nov. The identity of Padillothorax is clarified, and Bavirecta Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018 synonymized with it. Hyctiota Strand, 1911 is synonymized with Stagetillus. The molecular phylogeny divides the baviines into three clades, the Piranthus clade with a long embolus (Piranthus, Maripanthus), the genus Padillothorax with a flat body and short embolus, and the Bavia clade with a higher body and (usually) short embolus (remaining genera). In general, morphological synapomorphies support or extend the molecularly delimited groups. Eighteen new species are described: Bavia nessagyna, Indopadilla bamilin, I. kodagura, I. nesinor, I. redunca, I. redynis, I. sabivia, I. vimedaba, Maripanthus draconis (type species of Maripanthus), M. jubatus, M. reinholdae, Padillothorax badut, P. mulu, Piranthus api, P. bakau, P. kohi, P. mandai, and Stagetillus irri, all sp. nov., with taxonomic authority W. Maddison. The distinctions between baviines and the astioid Nungia Żabka, 1985 are reviewed, leading to four species being moved into Nungia from Bavia and other genera. Fifteen new combinations are established: Bavia maurerae (Freudenschuss & Seiter, 2016), Indopadilla annamita (Simon, 1903), I. kahariana (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013), I. sonsorol (Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997), I. suhartoi (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2013), Maripanthus menghaiensis (Cao & Li, 2016), M. smedleyi (Reimoser, 1929), Nungia hatamensis (Thorell, 1881), N. modesta (Keyserling, 1883), N. papakula (Strand, 1911), N. xiaolonghaensis (Cao & Li, 2016), Padillothorax casteti (Simon, 1900), P. exilis (Cao & Li, 2016), P. flavopunctus (Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2018), Stagetillus banda (Strand, 1911), all comb. nov. One combination is restored, Bavia capistrata (C. L. Koch, 1846). Five of these new or restored combinations correct previous errors of placing species in genera that have superficially similar palps but extremely different body forms, in fact belonging in distantly related tribes, emphasizing that the general shape of male palps should be used with caution in determining relationships. A little-studied genus, Padillothorus Prószyński, 2018, is tentatively assigned to the Baviini. Ligdus Thorell, 1895 is assigned to the Ballini.

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One less mystery in Coleoptera systematics: the position of Cydistinae (Elateriformia incertae sedis) resolved by multigene phylogenetic analysis

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 187 (4) ◽

pp. 1259-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robin Kundrata ◽

Stephan M Blank ◽

Alexander S Prosvirov ◽

Eliska Sormova ◽

Matthew L Gimmel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Incertae Sedis ◽

Targeted Sampling ◽

Family Level ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

History Of ◽

Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Close Relatives

Abstract Cydistinae are a rare monogeneric beetle lineage from Asia with a convoluted history of classification, historically placed in various groups within the series Elateriformia. However, their position has never been rigorously tested. To resolve this long-standing puzzle, we are the first to present sequences of two nuclear and two mitochondrial markers for four species of Cydistinae to determine their phylogenetic position. We included these sequences in two rounds of analyses: one including a broad Elateriformia dataset to test placement at the superfamily/family level, and a second, including a richer, targeted sampling of presumed close relatives. Our results strongly support Cydistinae as sister to Phengodidae in a clade with Rhagophthalmidae. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results and examination of morphological characters, we hereby transfer the formerly unplaced Cydistinae into Phengodidae and provide diagnoses for the newly circumscribed Phengodidae, Cydistinae and Cydistus. Since both Phengodidae and Rhagophthalmidae have bioluminescent larvae and strongly neotenic females, similar features can be hypothesized for Cydistinae. Additionally, Cydistus minor is transferred to the new genus Microcydistus.

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A revision of the African genus Mesanthemum (Eriocaulaceae)

Kew Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s12225-019-9853-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuxi Liang ◽

Sylvia M. Phillips ◽

Martin Cheek ◽

Isabel Larridon

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Taxonomic Descriptions ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Perennial Herbs ◽

Ephemeral Species ◽

A New Species ◽

African Genus

SummaryMesanthemum is a genus comprising 16 species in the family Eriocaulaceae and is native to Africa and Madagascar. Eriocaulaceae are characterised by a basal tuft or rosette of narrow leaves and small flowers in heads. Mesanthemum can be recognised by diplostemonous flowers and fused glandular pistillate petals. While most Mesanthemum species are large perennial herbs, two small ephemeral species from West Africa, M. albidum and M. auratum differ from the rest of the genus by their shorter life cycle, smaller size, simpler floral structures and different seed surface patterning. A molecular phylogenetic study, morphological comparisons and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of seed coat sculpture were carried out to determine whether they should be separated as a new genus. The molecular results indicate that the two ephemeral species are nested in the Mesanthemum clade. However, they are not closely related to each other. All species of Mesanthemum are here revised, including the description of a new species M. alenicola from Equatorial Guinea. An identification key is provided, together with taxonomic descriptions, synonymy and notes. Images of the seeds as seen under SEM are provided where available. Lectotypifications are provided for Mesanthemum albidum, M. bennae, M. pilosum, M. prescottianum, M. pubescens and M. variabile. A neotype is selected for M. rutenbergianum, which is synonymised with M. pubescens.

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Molecular phylogenetics, seed morphometrics, chromosome number evolution and systematics of EuropeanElatineL. (Elatinaceae) species

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2800 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2800 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gábor Sramkó ◽

Attila Molnár V. ◽

János Pál Tóth ◽

Levente Laczkó ◽

Anna Kalinka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogenetics ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Mediterranean Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Chromosome Number Evolution ◽

High Degree

The genusElatinecontainsca25 species, all of which are small, herbaceous annuals distributed in ephemeral waters on both hemispheres. However, due to a high degree of morphological variability (as a consequence of their amphibious life-style), the taxonomy of this genus remains controversial. Thus, to fill this gap in knowledge, we present a detailed molecular phylogenetic study of this genus based on nuclear (rITS) and plastid (accD-psaI,psbJ-petA,ycf6-psbM-trnD) sequences using 27 samples from 13 species. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, we provide a solid phylogenetic background for the modern taxonomy of the European members of the genus. Traditionally accepted sections of this tree (i.e., CryptaandElatinella) were found to be monophyletic; onlyE. borchoni—found to be a basal member of the genus—has to be excluded from the latter lineage to achieve monophyly. A number of taxonomic conclusions can also be drawn:E. hexandra, a high-ploid species, is most likely a stabilised hybrid between the main sections;E. campylospermamerits full species status based on both molecular and morphological evidence;E. gussoneiis a more widespread and genetically diverse species with two main lineages; and the presence of the AsianE. ambiguain the European flora is questionable. The main lineages recovered in this analysis are also supported by a number of synapomorphic morphological characters as well as uniform chromosome counts. Based on all the evidence presented here, two new subsections withinElatinellaare described: subsectionHydropiperaconsisting of the temperate species of the section, and subsectionMacropodaeincluding the Mediterranean species of the section.

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Phylogenetic position and taxonomic assignment of Thlaspi aghricum P.H.Davis & K.Tan (Brassicaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.178.4.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 178 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Mehmet Fırat ◽

Barış Özüdoğru ◽

Burcu Tarıkahya Hacıoğlu ◽

Ali Savaş Bülbül ◽

Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Status ◽

Molecular Data ◽

New Combination ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Taxonomic Assignment ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Seed Coat Morphology

A general review of the taxonomic status of Thlaspi past and present is given, and a critical evaluations of its segregates based on both morphological and molecular data are presented. ITS molecular phylogenetic study of Thlaspi aghricum and related species, as well as seed-coat morphology and anatomy strongly support the placement of the species in Noccaea. The new combination N. aghrica is proposed, and detailed description and distribution of the species are given.

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Additions to the revision of Dima Charpentier, 1825 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dimini) in the Balkan Peninsula, with the descriptions of five new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4433.2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4433 (2) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JOSEF MERTLIK ◽

TAMÁS NÉMETH ◽

ROBIN KUNDRATA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

The Balkans ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

New Findings ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Complementary revisionary information is provided for the click-beetle genus Dima Charpentier, 1825 in the Balkan Peninsula. Five species are described as new for science: Dima bialookii sp. nov. (Greece), D. blazeji sp. nov. (Albania), D. gazureki sp. nov. (Albania), D. timfristosensis sp. nov. (Greece), and D. tomorrensis sp. nov. (Albania). The male of D. hirtipennis Platia, 2011 is described for the first time. Dima etoliensis Platia, 2012 syn. nov. is a subjective junior synonym of D. evritaniensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008. New specimens and distributional data are reported for D. assingi Schimmel & Platia, 2008, D. dalmatina Küster, 1844, D. elateroides Charpentier, 1825, D. evritaniensis, D. florinensis Platia, 2012, D. hirtipennis, D. hladilorum Schimmel, 1987, D. lebenbaueri Schimmel & Platia, 2008, D. macedonica Schimmel, 1993, D. marvani Mertlik & Dusanek, 2006, D. neumanni Platia, 2013, D. olympica Meschnigg, 1934, D. parnonensis Schimmel & Platia, 2008, D. pecoudi Fleutiaux, 1944, D. pelikani Mertlik, Németh & Kundrata, 2017, D. pelionensis Mertlik, Németh & Kundrata, 2017, D. vailatii Schimmel & Platia, 2008, and Dima sp. cf. orientalis Mertlik, Németh & Kundrata, 2017. Morphological variability in D. hladilorum is discussed. Figures of habitus and main diagnostic features are provided for all new species, D. evritaniensis from Nerosirtis surroundings in Panetolikó Mts. (i.e., type locality of D. etoliensis syn. nov.), and for the male of D. hirtipennis. Additionally, we update the distribution maps for the genus Dima in the Balkans based on the new findings. Currently, 37 described species of Dima are known from the Balkan Peninsula. We discuss the morphological diagnostic characters for Dima species and call for the molecular phylogenetic study for this group.

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Nomenclatural novelties in Astraea (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.159.2.7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 159 (2) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo ◽

Otávio Luis Marques Da Silva ◽

Paul E. Berry ◽

Inês Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Valid Genus ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Morphological Differences

Astraea Klotzsch (1841: 194) was considered a synonym of Croton Linnaeus (1753: 1004) by many authors (Baillon 1858, Müller 1866, Pax & Hoffmann 1931, Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001), but based on a molecular phylogenetic study of Croton and related groups, Berry et al. (2005a) justified recognizing Astraea again as a valid genus. De-Paula et al. (2011) showed morphological differences in the flowers of these two genera, corroborating the findings of Berry et al. (2005a). Riina et al. (2014) discussed additional morphological characters separating Astraea from both Croton and its sister genus Brasiliocroton Berry & Cordeiro in Berry et al. (2005b: 357). Some species that were originally described under Croton have already been transferred to Astraea (Berry et al. 2005a, Caruzo & Cordeiro 2007, Zuloaga et al. 2007, Van Ee 2011), and Van Ee (2011) accounted for numerous names of Astraea invalidly published by Klotzsch (1841). However, there are still several species of Croton that should be transferred to Astraea. As part of an ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus Astraea, we herein propose the necessary remaining transfers. Astraea has an estimated 13 species, most of them distributed in South America, especially in Brazil. Astraea lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 1005) Klotzsch (1841: 194) is the only species occurring throughout the Neotropical region and is also found, introduced, in Africa and Yemen.

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A Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Clarohilum henningsii (Mycosphaerellaceae, Fungi) on Cassava from Indonesia based on the ITS rDNA Sequence

Journal of Microbial Systematics and Biotechnology ◽

10.37604/jmsb.v2i1.43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Indriati Ramadhani, M.Si. ◽

Iman Hidayat, Ph.D.

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Rdna Sequence ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Common Disease ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Leaf spot is a common disease of cassava in Indonesia and other tropical countries. The present study aims to determine two isolates isolated from leaf spot of cassava in Indonesia using a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence and morphological examination. The results showed that the two isolates belong to Clarohilum henningsii. This study revealed the phylogenetic position of C. henningsii from Indonesia, where in the previous studies, it has been reported as Cercospora cassavae, C. manihotis, C. henningsii, or Passalora henningsii based on morphological examinations.

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Phylogenetic position of Miliusa vidalii (Miliuseae, Annonaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA and morphology

10.26757/pjsb2019b13004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Inference ◽

Chloroplast Dna ◽

Maximum Parsimony ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Taxon Sampling ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Cpdna Sequence

A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted to determine the position of the Philippine endemic Miliusa vidalii in the tribe Miliuseae of family Annonaceae utilizing the combined cpDNA sequence data (trnL-F-matK-ndhF-psbA-trnH-ycf1). Bayesian inference and Maximum parsimony analyses revealed a robustly supported monophyletic Miliusa clade (PP=1.00; BS=93%). Miliusa vidalii nested within clade D (PP=1.00; BS=85%) shares similar features by having terminal inflorescences and a notably long pedicel. M. vidalii is resolved as sister to M. lanceolata, which shares morphological features such as length of pedicels, number of secondary veins, shape of leaf apex, and apiculate monocarp. This present study revealed that M. vidalii possesses a conspicuous glandular structure in the inner petals, a feature that is common only to species found in clade A. Therefore, increased taxon sampling is necessary to construct a stronger phylogenetic relationship within the genus.

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