A study of molecular sequences, sexuality, and morphological variation in Plagiomnium carolinianum, P. maximoviczii, and P. rhynchophorum (Bryophyta, Mniaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 375 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
YAN-JUN YI ◽  
ZHEN-WEI SUN ◽  
SI HE ◽  
MAMTIMIN SULAYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Rps4 Gene

Morphologically, recognition of the genus Plagiomnium may be relatively easy. Yet identifications of closely related species have met great difficulties. The contemporary species delimitations of P. carolinianum, P. maximoviczii, and P. rhynchophorum largely based on sexuality as the sole distinction have not been satisfactory. As shown from literature, character variations among these three taxa were continuous and intergraded within or among different populations throughout a wide geographic range. No gametophytic characters could be reliably used to distinguish them from each other. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS2 and rps4 gene were undertaken to resolve delineations for these three morphologically similar species. The results suggest that they form a well support monophyletic clade, which can be defined as representing one single species with two subspecies, i.e. P. rhynchophorum subsp. maximoviczii and P. rhynchophorum subsp. rhynchophorum. The present molecular study supports the treatment of P. carolinianum as synonym of P. rhynchophorum as purposed previously by Koponen based on morphology.

Cortinarius khinganensis (Agaricales), a new species of section Illumini from Northeast China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
MENG-LE XIE ◽  
TIE-ZHENG WEI ◽  
BÁLINT DIMA ◽  
YONG-PING FU ◽  
RUI-QING JI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

This study presents one telamonioid species new to science based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Cortinarius khinganensis was collected from the Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China and it is characterized by hygrophanous, vivid brownish red and striate pileus, white universal veil, and subglobose spores. According to phylogenetic analyses results, C. khinganensis belongs to the section Illumini, which is a lineage distantly related from subgenus Telamonia sensu stricto. Detailed descriptions of the new species and the comparisons with morphologically similar species are provided. The phylogenetic relationships within the section Illumini are also discussed.

A new species of Gymnopus sect. Androsacei (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 521 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
JI-PENG LI ◽  
BIN SONG ◽  
ZHAN FENG ◽  
JING WANG ◽  
CHUN-YING DENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Gymnopus sect. Androsacei, namely, G. pallipes is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is characterized by marasmioid basidiomata, a dark brown to reddish brown pileus becoming dull white to yellowish grey with age, whitish to pale yellow stipe and presence of rhizomorphs. Phylogenetic analyses support it as a new species within Gymnopus sect. Androsacei. The detailed morphological description, colour photos of basidiomata, and line drawings of microcharacters are presented and delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. A key to the known species of Gymnopus s. str. from China is also provided.

Euphorbia motuogensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Xizang, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 527 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
MAN-TING LI ◽  
XIAO-ZHONG LAN ◽  
YOU-WEI ZUO ◽  
HONG-PING DENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

Euphorbia motuogensis M. T. Li, X. Z. Lan, H. P. Deng & W. L. Zheng, sp. nov., a new species from Motuo, Tibet, China, is described and illustrated here. It is closely similar to Euphorbia sikkimensis in having terete root, alternate leaves, well-developed pseudoumbellate inflorescence, cyathium, smooth and glaborus capsule, but Euphorbia motuogensis is clealy distinguishable by its pilose stems, involucral leaves color, secondary involucral leaves absent, cyathophylls number and color, and five similar glands. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences from both nuclear ribosomal ITS confirm that this species is distinct from morphologically similar species in this subgenus.

New and noteworthy Melanoleuca (Pluteaceae) from Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARZANA NAWAZ ◽  
SANA JABEEN ◽  
ABDUL NASIR KHALID
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province

Melanoleuca dirensis sp.nov. is described in conjunction with M. graminicola from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses rightly place the new species in the genus Melanoleuca. A comprehensive description, photographs and comparison with similar species are provided. The discovery of M. graminicola from Pakistan is phytogeographically significant and extends its distribution to the Asian continent.

scholarly journals A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (S78) ◽  
pp. 1-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Marsh ◽  
Timothy B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Nasal Process

AbstractDilophosaurus wetherilli was the largest animal known to have lived on land in North America during the Early Jurassic. Despite its charismatic presence in pop culture and dinosaurian phylogenetic analyses, major aspects of the skeletal anatomy, taxonomy, ontogeny, and evolutionary relationships of this dinosaur remain unknown. Skeletons of this species were collected from the middle and lower part of the Kayenta Formation in the Navajo Nation in northern Arizona. Redescription of the holotype, referred, and previously undescribed specimens of Dilophosaurus wetherilli supports the existence of a single species of crested, large-bodied theropod in the Kayenta Formation. The parasagittal nasolacrimal crests are uniquely constructed by a small ridge on the nasal process of the premaxilla, dorsoventrally expanded nasal, and tall lacrimal that includes a posterior process behind the eye. The cervical vertebrae exhibit serial variation within the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina, which bifurcates and reunites down the neck. Iterative specimen-based phylogenetic analyses result in each of the additional specimens recovered as the sister taxon to the holotype. When all five specimens are included in an analysis, they form a monophyletic clade that supports the monotypy of the genus. Dilophosaurus wetherilli is not recovered as a ceratosaur or coelophysoid, but is instead a non-averostran neotheropod in a grade with other stem-averostrans such as Cryolophosaurus ellioti and Zupaysaurus rougieri. We did not recover a monophyletic ‘Dilophosauridae.’ Instead of being apomorphic for a small clade of early theropods, it is more likely that elaboration of the nasals and lacrimals of stem-averostrans is plesiomorphically present in early ceratosaurs and tetanurans that share those features. Many characters of the axial skeleton of Dilophosaurus wetherilli are derived compared to Late Triassic theropods and may be associated with macropredation and an increase in body size in Theropoda across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.

scholarly journals Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Pin Xiao ◽  
Sinang Hongsanan ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Siraprapa Brooks ◽  
Ning Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rpb1 Sequence

Ophiocordyceps is entomopathogenic and the largest studied genus in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. Many species in this genus have been reported from Thailand. The first new species introduced in this paper, Ophiocordycepsglobiceps, differs from other species based on its smaller perithecia, shorter asci and secondary ascospores and additionally, in parasitising fly species. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB1 sequence data indicate that O.globiceps forms a distinct lineage within the genus Ophiocordyceps as a new species. The second new species, Ophiocordycepssporangifera, is distinguished from closely related species by infecting larvae of insects (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and by producing white to brown sporangia, longer secondary synnemata and shorter primary and secondary phialides. We introduce O.sporangifera based on its significant morphological differences from other similar species, even though phylogenetic distinction is not well-supported.

Monograph of Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsect. Apoda (Dryopteridaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando B. Matos ◽  
Josmaily L&#243riga ◽  
Robbin C. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Character State ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

We present a monographic treatment for the 13 species of Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsect. Apoda (Dryopteridaceae). Molecular phylogenetic analyses have recovered this subsection as monophyletic within the so-called “subulate-scaled clade” of Elaphoglossum. Morphologically, the species of E. subsect. Apoda are usually characterized by the presence of brightly colored stem scales (yellowish, orangish, orreddish, as opposed to castaneous to black), evenly distributed subulate scales on laminar surfaces, tiny glandular hairs on different parts of the leaves, and adult sterile leaves without hydathodes. The species can be divided into two groups: one with subsessile and the other with long-petiolate leaves. Elaphoglossum subsection Apoda is distributed from southern Mexico and the Antilles to Bolivia and midwestern Brazil. Elaphoglossum atehortuae, a new species from the Amazon region of Ecuador, is described, illustrated, and compared to its most similar species. It is unusual within this group for lacking subulate scales on both surfaces of the laminae, a character state that it shares with E. backhouseanum. Two species, E. polyblepharum and E. trichophorum, are included in the group for the first time, whereas E. procurrens and E. siliquoides are excluded based on morphological characters and previously published molecular phylogenies. We also provide comments for E. ×morphohybridum, which is a hybrid between E. alvaradoanum and E. crinitum. Lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum apodum, A. platyneuron, A. cubense, A. procurrens, A. trichophorum, and Elaphoglossum auripilum, and epitypes are designated for A. apodum. To facilitate the identification of species, we provide keys, descriptions, illustrations, comments, synonyms, distribution maps, spore images, and a list of specimens examined.

The Mediterranean species of genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae): Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. from Morocco and first description of the female of L. mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5071 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-348
Author(s):  
MARC MASSA ◽  
CARLES RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of the genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 from Morocco, Loxosceles imazighen sp. n., and to describe for the first time a female of Loxoxceles mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia. Both species live in xeric and desert environments and are located in southern Atlas Range. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16S) and nuclear (H3, 28S) markers, revel that these species are closely related and that they constitute a separate evolutionary lineage of L. rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and of the set of endemic species of the Canary Islands. L. imazighen sp. n. differs from L. mrazig, the closest species morphologically and geographically, in the shapes and proportions of the male palpal tibia and the shapes and dispositions of the female seminal receptacles. In addition, L. mrazig females show morphological variability in their genitalia, mainly in the inner and outer lobes. Although that variability cannot be associated with different populations, since it also appears within individual populations, and is not related to genetic or geographic distances.  

Tricky Morphology: A New Species of Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) Shows Strong Morphological Convergence Among Not Closely Related Species Found in Similar Habitat

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-972
Author(s):  
Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota ◽  
Juliana Gastaldello Rando ◽  
Cristiane Snak ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Morphological Convergence ◽  
A New Species

Abstract— Plants from Brazilian campos rupestres usually present morphological strategies that allow them to survive in extreme environments. However, in Chamaecrista (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), one of the most diverse genera in the campos rupestres, needle-like leaflets are rare. Reviewing the species that present such leaf morphology, we describe Chamaecrista acicularis, a new species from the Canastra Range, in the southwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. acicularis is not closely related to other quite similar needle-like leafleted species and that this trait evolved convergently. We also present comments on the phylogenetic relationships of needle-like leafleted species as well as the evolution of the leaflet amplitude, and a detailed description of C. acicularis alongside illustrations, photos, geographical distribution, a key to the needle-like leafleted species and taxonomic notes on similar species. Additionally, we expand the description of Chamaecrista strictifolia and present an informal conservation status for all needle-like leafleted species.

Paraphyletic Species of Podostemaceae: Cladopus fallax and Polypleurum wallichii

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 401 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO KATO ◽  
PETCHARAT WERUKAMKUL ◽  
HYOSIG WON ◽  
SATOSHI KOI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Daughter Species

All species of Podostemaceae grow only in rocky rapids and waterfalls and usually consist of separate populations. Previous studies found paraphyletic species among such species and suggested that possibly more species are paraphyletic. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and comparative morphology using samples from different populations found that Cladopus fallax C.Cusset and Polypleurum wallichii (R.Br. ex Griff.) Warm. are paraphyletic to C. taiensis C.Cusset and P. schmidtianum Warm., respectively. It is interpreted that the daughter species markedly differentiated morphologically from a population of the mother species, and perhaps paraphyletic speciation is associated with allopatric speciation. Molecular and morphological data indicate that P. wallichii is conspecific with P. stylosum (Wight) J.B.Hall, so the redefined P. wallichii is widely distributed in southern and southeastern Asia.

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