A taxonomic review of the Margarodoid genus Stigmacoccus Hempel  (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Stigmacoccidae), with some details on their biology

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1507 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS HODGSON ◽  
HEATHER GAMPER ◽  
AMAURI BOGO ◽  
GILLIAN WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family

Stigmacoccus is an unusual scale insect genus from Central and South America that has been little studied. It belongs to the family Stigmacoccidae within the archaeococcoid group of genera which used to comprise the family Margarodidae (Morrison, 1927) but which are now considered to represent at least 9 families. The present paper describes or redescribes the adult females, adult males, cyst stages and crawlers of the three known species (S. asper, S. garmilleri, and S. paranaensis), plus the prepupa of S. garmilleri and S. paranaensis, and (briefly), the pupa of S. paranaensis. It is considered that the female has two cyst stage instars; the number in the male is uncertain. Adult female S. asper and S. paranaensis appear to have groups of loculate pores on the walls of the vagina. A lectotype for S. asper is designated. In addition, cyst stages of three further undescribed species are described (but not formally named) and illustrated. Some observations on the biology and life cycle are also included. The honeydew of Stigmacoccus species has been shown to be an important energy source for overwintering passerine birds which defend this resource. A summary of our present knowledge is presented, including how the honedew is eliminated (through a long anal tube) and details are given with regard to rates of honeydew flow, sugar concentration, cyst densities and annual timing of peak flows. The annual life cycle, as far as it is known, is discussed. It is concluded that this honeydew could be economically important as a source of sugar for honey production but this would need to be carefully managed to maintain an ecological balance.

scholarly journals Coccomorpha: Coccidae), a potentially damaging scale insect in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4 - Ahead of print) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Łagowska Bożena
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Forest Plants

Abstract: A soft scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946 has been observed in large numbers on various host species in urban areas and natural habitats in Central Poland, and may be noteworthy as a potential pest of commercial and forest plants. Basic diagnostic information on this scale, as well as information on its life cycle, host range and distribution are provided. Pulvinaria hydrangeae resembles the cosmopolitan P. floccifera (Westwood, 1870), and the main characteristics that distinguish these two species from each other are discussed. A key to adult females of the Pulvinaria species found outdoors in Poland is also included.

Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1072 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
M. E. ANDERSON ◽  
D. L. STEIN ◽  
H. W. DETRICH
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Walvis Ridge ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Adult Females

Specimens of two, possibly three, rare species of fishes were collected at the Tristan da Cunha Group toward the end of a 2004 South Atlantic cruise (ICEFISH). The dragonet Synchiropus valdiviae (Trunov, 1981), was previously known from only two adult males taken on Walvis Ridge. We collected two adult females and three juveniles, which are described here. The pearlfish Echiodon atopus Anderson, 2005, was recently described from a specimen collected north of Inaccessible Island. It differs from congeners in its high precaudal vertebral count, equivalent dorsal and anal rays anterior to vertebra 31 and other features of the axial skeleton and fins. Lastly, an unusual specimen of the rockfish genus Sebastes taken in a commercial lobster pot represents either a previously unreported variant of S. capensis or an undescribed species. It differs from the typical South Atlantic S. capensis in its coloration and lack of supraocular spines.

Infestations of the nematode Skrjabingylus nasicola (Leukart 1842) in Mustela frenata (Lichtenstein) and M. erminea (L.) and some evidence of a paratenic host in the life cycle of this nematode

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lloyd Gamble ◽  
R. R. Riewe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Parasite Invasion ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Condylobasal Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Examination of 153 Mustela frenata and 16 Mustela erminea from Manitoba revealed 100% parasitism of both hosts by Skrjabingylus nasicola. Cranial damage was significantly less in M. frenata than in M. erminea. In M. frenata, cranial damage was less in adult females than males and greater in adults than in subadults. Adult males and females had a greater degree of damage than subadult males and females. Percentage infestation and damage was related to diet. Data suggest that rodents, particularly the myomorphs, shrew, amphibians, and reptiles are paratenic hosts for S. nasicola. The condylobasal length of the skull of M. frenata apparently is not affected by parasite invasion, though the interorbital breadth is affected and becomes unreliable as a taxonomic measurement. Cranial damage was frequently asymmetrical. Despite repeated invasions, the definitive host is still active and therefore must tolerate the damage.

Redescription of Peniculus minuticaudae Shiino, 1956 (Copepoda: Pennellidae) from aquarium-held marine fishes in Japan, with notes on its occurrence and life cycle in captivity

Zoosymposia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROKO OKAWACHI ◽  
DAISUKE UYENO ◽  
KOTARO OGINO ◽  
KAZUYA NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
New Host ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Public Aquarium ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Host Records

Infections with the pennellid Peniculus minuticaudae Shiino, 1956 occurred on three species of marine fishes, the unicorn leatherjacket filefish, Aluterus monoceros (L.), the hairfinned leatherjacket, Paramonacanthus japonicus (Tilesius), and the brown-banded butterflyfish, Roa modesta (Temminck & Schlegel), held at a public aquarium in Kagoshima, Japan. Using specimens from the aquarium and type material, the postmetamorphic and premetamorphic adult females of P. minuticaudae are redescribed. The adult male, copepodid I, and late chalimus stages are described for the first time. The three fish species represent new host records for P. minuticaudae. Fishes were found heavily infected with P. minuticaudae, and extensive lesions associated with infections were found on the skin and around the fin rays of R. modesta. While pennellids usually use two hosts during their life cycle, it is very likely that P. minuticaudae completes its life cycle using one host, as suggested by copepodids, chalimi, adult males, premetamorphic adult females, and postmetamorphic adult females of the parasite all being found on a single fish.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973) (Testudines:Chelidae) in the Cerrado of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizângela Silva de Brito ◽  
Christine Strussmann ◽  
Jerry Magno Ferreira Penha
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Studies on population structure of freshwater turtles belonging to the family Chelidae are scarce in Brazil. Herein we describe the structure of a population of the chelid Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei in a Cerrado area in the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 80 individuals were captured in five collecting sites, from January to March 2007: 42 adult females, 27 adult males, and 11 juveniles with undetermined sex. Among 80 individuals, 24% were recaptured, at least once. This is the first attempt to estimate the size of a population of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei. Our results suggest that additional sampling efforts are needed for more accurate estimates of population structure. Nevertheless, they surely provide minimum values of the number of individuals of M. vanderhaegei living in the locality sampled.

A new species of the scale insect genus Newsteadia Green (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Ortheziidae) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4981 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-505
Author(s):  
XINYI ZHENG ◽  
JICHUN XING
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Identification Keys ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Insect Family

Members of the scale insect family Ortheziidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) occur all over the world but these small, delicate insects are difficult to find. The largest genus in the Ortheziidae is Newsteadia Green. Previous studies have recorded four species of Newsteadia in China. This study describes and illustrates the adult female, male, prepupal male, and first-, second- and third-instar nymphs of a fifth species, Newsteadia fanjingensis sp. n., from Guizhou Province, China, collected above 2000 m altitude under thick moss on the bark of Acer sp. Identification keys are provided to the adult females of Newsteadia species known in China, and the adult males known worldwide. 

Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4540 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZEU B. CASTRO ◽  
JENNIFER J. BEARD ◽  
RONALD OCHOA ◽  
GARY R. BAUCHAN ◽  
REINALDO J.F. FERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

The Amazon and the Cerrado are the two largest biomes in Brazil, and combined represent nearly 70% of the natural vegetation in the country. Recent surveys of the mite fauna present in these two biomes have revealed a great number of new species. In this paper, we describe the adult females, deutonymphs, protonymphs, larvae and eggs of two new species of Tenuipalpidae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychoidea), Tenuipalpus protium sp. nov., collected on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae), and Tenuipalpus kitajimai sp. nov., collected on an unidentified plant of the family Sapindaceae, from the Cerrado and the Amazon Rainforest, respectively. Females of these two new species bear two distinct cuticular crests on the dorsal opisthosoma, one transverse crest anteriorly and one longitudinal crest mesally. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosomal and leg chaetotaxy of all stages are presented for both species. Adult males are not known for either species. 

A new species of Podapolipus (Acari: Heterostigmata: Podapolipidae) from an Australian gryllacridid cricket (Orthoptera), with keys to orthopteran-associated species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4647 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
EVERT E. LINDQUIST ◽  
EKATERINA A. SIDORCHUK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Prodorsal Shield ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Family ◽  
Larval Female ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the ectoparasitic mite genus Podapolipus Rovelli & Grassi, 1888 from a recently described species of the raspy cricket genus Chauliogryllacris Rentz, in Rentz and John,1990 (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) is described. The main distinctions of Podapolipus gryllacridi n. sp. from its described congeners from orthopterans are the larval female and adult male having all dorsal and ventral idiosomatic setae, except the greatly elongated pair of scapular setae (and the caudal setae of the larval female), reduced to the size of microsetae; the larval female having separate tergites C and D; the male having an entire prodorsal shield, with apex of the aedeagus between bases of setae v1; and the adult female having smooth dorsal shields. Novel biological features of this parasite include its adult females’ dwelling in the hollow sternal apodemes of their host, and its larval females using their host’s other parasite, a gamasine mite, as phoretic and facultative hyperparasitic hosts. Keys are presented for the larval females and adult males of Podapolipus species associated with orthopterans. Problems with the generic concept of Podapolipus and closely related genera are reviewed. This is the first record of a podapolipid associated with orthopterans of the family Gryllacrididae. 

Biology and systematics of gall-inducing triozids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Psidium spp. (Myrtaceae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3620 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENÊ G.S. CARNEIRO ◽  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
ROSY M.S. ISAIAS
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Galling Insects ◽  
Gall Inducer

Psidium myrtoides (Myrtaceae) shelters the gall inducer Nothotrioza myrtoidis gen. et sp. n. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) which is described and illustrated here. Nothotrioza belongs to the family Triozidae and is probably most closely related to Neolithus, a monotypic Neotropical genus associated with Sapium (Euphorbiaceae). Three species are recognized with-in Nothotrioza: the type species N. myrtoidis sp. n. associated with Psidium myrtoides, N. cattleiani sp. n. (misidentified by Butignol & Pedrosa-Macedo as Neotrioza tavaresi) with Psidium cattleianum, and N. tavaresi (Crawford) comb. n. (from Neotrioza) with an unidentified species of Malpighiaceae, respectively. A lectotype is designated here for Neotrioza tavaresi. Also, the diversity of insect galls associated with P. myrtoides and the biology of N. myrtoidis were examined. N. myrtoidis presents five instars and an annual life cycle synchronised with the phenology of P. myrtoides. Gall size was proportional to the insect developmental stages, and rates of parasitism and mortality were 15.7 % and 29.8 %, respective-ly. The red colour is an important macroscopic diagnostic feature of the gall that could be associated with parasite-free condition of the galling insect. The biological features presented by the system Psidium myrtoides – Nothotrioza myrtoidis are in accordance with other systems involving sucking galling insects, however, it is exceptional by its univoltine life cycle associated with a perennial plant in the Neotropics. The galls induced by the three known Nothotrioza spp. are mor-phologically similar, i.e. closed, globoid and unilocular, as well as the opening mechanism for releasing the adults.

scholarly journals Taxonomy notes and new occurrence data of four species of atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Vietnam, all described from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Van Tu ◽  
Kristina von Rintelen ◽  
Werner Klotz ◽  
Le Hung Anh ◽  
Tran Anh Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
The Family ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
General Studies

Freshwater shrimp of the family Atyidae De Haan, 1849 have been studied in Vietnam for more than a century. A total of 24 species of atyid shrimps from the genera Caridina H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Neocaridina Kubo, 1938, Atyopsis Chace, 1983 have been recorded from Vietnam. With 22 species, the majority are from the genus Caridina. In 2013, Karge and Klotz mentioned the occurrence of four yet undescribed species belonging to Paracaridina Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999 in Vietnam without taxonomic details. In general, studies of freshwater atyids in Vietnam are limited and most Vietnamese taxa await a taxonomic revision. The available data do not fully reflect their estimated species diversity in the country and distribution data are deficient. Here, we focus on four species of atyid shrimps from two genera, viz. Caridina cantonensis Yu, 1938, C. lanceifrons Yu, 1936, C. serrata Stimpson, 1860 and Neocaridina palmata (Shen, 1948), all described from China and have been reported to occur in Vietnam. The previous reports on the occurrence of these species in Vietnam are largely unreliable due to taxonomic confusion. To contribute to the knowledge of these taxa, we provide the first verified distribution records of the four species in the country with some taxonomic remarks. This study shows the first taxonomically-verified distribution data of four atyid shrimp species originally described from China, but also reported from Vietnam, albeit under various species names and, in some cases, erroneously. These data allow the first meaningful discussion of the distribution in light of the reproductive strategy of these four species and, in conjunction with the taxonomic remarks, will contribute to the knowledge of these taxa. As a result of this research and data from previous studies, we now consider all four species as widespread and non-endemic, but land-locked (with a complete freshwater life cycle). In Vietnam, all four species are confined to the northern half of the country. Beyond Vietnam, we provide the first records for Caridina lanceifrons from southern Thailand, which suggests a major sampling gap in Indochina.

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