Orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2041 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NEMÉSIO
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Domain Identification ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
The Status

A detailed synopsis of all the orchid-bee species known to occur in the Atlantic Forest Domain, eastern Brazil, is provided, including synonymy, complete type data, diagnoses, relevant data on biology and geographic distribution (with detailed localities of known occurrence of each species), colorful illustrations of onomatophores (“name-bearing type specimens”), and a list with the main references dealing with each species. Fifty-four species are recognized to occur in the Atlantic Forest Domain. Identification keys are presented for each genus and their species occurring in the Atlantic Forest. Euglossa carinilabris Dressler, 1982, Euglossa cyanaspis Moure, 1968, Eulaema (Eulaema) niveofasciata (Friese, 1899) and Exaerete lepeletieri Oliveira & Nemésio, 2003, considered junior synonyms of other species by different authors, are reinstated as valid species. A full discussion on the status of the four orchid-bee species described by Linnaeus is presented, as well as colorful illustrations of the four onomatophores. The two existing onomatophores of orchid bee species described by Fabricius are also illustrated and his Apis cingulata has been shown to be the species recently described as Eulaema (Apeulaema) pseudocingulata Oliveira, 2006, which, thus, becomes a junior synonym (syn. n.). Euglossa aratingae sp. n., Euglossa carolina sp. n., Euglossa nanomelanotricha sp. n., Euglossa roderici sp. n., Euglossa roubiki sp. n., Eulaema (Eulaema) atleticana sp. n., and Eulaema (Apeulaema) marcii sp. n. are described as new species. Neotypes are designated for Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard, 1840) and Exaerete frontalis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844). Some corrections concerning the repository institutions of some onomatophores of orchid bees were also made: Eufriesea auriceps (Friese, 1899) holotype has been listed as belonging to the US National Museum (Washington) or to the American Museum of Natural History (New York) but, in fact, it belongs to the Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität (Berlin); the lectotype of Eufriesea aeneiventris (Mocsáry, 1896) has been listed as belonging to the Istituto e Museo di Zoologia, Universita di Torino (Turin), but it actually belongs to the Hungarian Museum of Natural History (Budapest). Publication dates of both Exaerete frontalis Guérin-Méneville and Exaerete smaragdina Guérin-Méneville have been listed as 1845 but, in fact, the actual date is 1844. Based on the known geographic distribution and abundance of each species in orchid-bee inventories, IUCN criteria were applied and three species are recommended to be included in future lists of threatened species in one of the IUCN categories of risk: Eufriesea brasilianorum (Friese, 1899) and Euglossa cognata Moure, 1970 are suggested to be listed as “vulnerable”, and Euglossa cyanocholora Moure, 1996 is suggested to be listed as “endangered”. A fully annotated check list of all known orchid bee species is also presented as an Appendix.

scholarly journals Is the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” a biodiversity hotspot for orchid bees?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S078-S092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio ◽  
JE Santos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest Preserve

The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) of the three largest forest remnants in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco”, northeastern Brazil, namely Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), RPPN Frei Caneca, and a forest preserve belonging to Usina Serra Grande, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, were surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Eight sites were established in the three preserves, where samplings were carried out using two protocols: insect netting and bait trapping. We collected 3,479 orchid-bee males belonging to 29 species during 160 hours in early October, 2012. Seven species were collected in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” for the first time. Richness proved to be one of the highest of the entire Atlantic Forest domain, and diversity in some sites, especially at ESEC Murici, revealed to be one of the highest in the Neotropics. Eulaema felipei Nemésio, 2010, a species previously recorded only at ESEC Murici, was found in no other preserve in the region and its conservation status is discussed.

scholarly journals Are orchid bees at risk? First comparative survey suggests declining populations of forest-dependent species

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Comparative Survey

The two largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil, namely ‘Reserva Biológica de Sooretama’ (REBIO Sooretama) and ‘Reserva Natural Vale’ (RNV), were surveyed for their orchid-bee faunas. Seventeen scent baits were used to attract orchid-bee males. Three-thousand, two hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 24 species were actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours in March, April and December, 2009. In comparison with a previous study in the same area twelve years before, it is evident that the abundance of all forest-dependent orchid bees analysed declined around 50%, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.022) for Euglossa marianae Nemésio, 2011, the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances of all Atlantic Forest orchid bees. On the other hand, the abundance of populations of species tolerant to open or disturbed areas rose. Possible explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of 'Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal', 'Parque Nacional do Descobrimento' and three other Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Southern Bahia

The orchid-bee faunas of ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’, ‘Parque Nacional do Descobrimento’ and three other Atlantic Forest remnants ranging from 1 to 300 ha in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil, were surveyed. Baits with seventeen different scents were used to attract orchid-bee males. Four thousand seven hundred and sixty-four males belonging to 36 species were actively collected with insect nets during 300 hours from November, 2008 to November, 2009. Richness and diversity of orchid bees found in this study are the highest ever recorded in the Atlantic Forest domain. Eufriesea dentilabris (Mocsáry, 1897) and Eufriesea violacea (Blanchard, 1840) were collected at the ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’, the first record of these species for the state of Bahia and the northernmost record for both species. Females Exaerete dentata (Linnaeus, 1758) were also collected at ‘Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal’ and old records of Eufriesea aeneiventris (Mocsáry, 1896) in this area makes this site the richest and most diverse concerning its orchid-bee fauna in the entire Atlantic Forest and similar to areas in the Amazon Basin.

Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3006 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NEMÉSIO ◽  
CLAUS RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The taxonomic status (or the taxonomic status of the onomatophores) of seven nomina are revised: Eulaema meriana (Olivier, 1789), Euglossa piliventris Guérin-Méneville, 1844, Exaerete appendiculata (Romand, 1849), Exaerete subcornuta (Romand, 1849), Eufriesea danielis (Schrottky, 1907), Euglossa fimbriata Moure, 1968, and Eufriesea yepezi (Moure, 2000). Lectotype is designated for Euglossa piliventris Guérin-Méneville, 1844. Neotypes are designated for Apis meriana Olivier, 1789 and Apis dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 based on the same specimen and A. dimidiata Fabricius, 1793 became an objective synonym of A. meriana Olivier, 1789. Chrysantheda subcornuta Romand, 1849 is shown to be a senior objective synonym of Chrysantheda appendiculata Romand, 1849 and their synonymy under Exaerete dentata (Linnaeus, 1758) is questioned and discussed. Eumorpha combinata danielis Schrottky, 1907 is confirmed as a junior subjective synonym of Eufriesea auriceps (Friese, 1899), but the status of its onomatophore is reconsidered. Moreover, a long overlooked Euglossa dentata var. maxima Romand, 1849, nom. nud. and Euplusia yepezi Moure, 2000, nom. nud. are discussed for the first time. Both nomina Euglossa fimbriata Moure, 1968 and Euglossa fimbriata Rebêlo & Moure, 1996are available, but the latter is permamently invalid as a junior primary homonym of the former. An updated catalogue of all orchid bee nomina is also provided.

A taxonomic review of the Golden-green Woodpecker, Piculus chrysochloros (Aves: Picidae) reveals the existence of six valid taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3626 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLAUCIA DEL-RIO ◽  
LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA ◽  
VAGNER CAVARZERE ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO RÊGO
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Southern Amazonia

Piculus chrysochloros (Vieillot 1818) is a species of woodpecker that ranges from Argentina to Panama, occurring in lowland forests as well as Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco vegetation. Currently, nine subspecies are accepted, but no study has evaluated individual variation within populations, so the status of these taxa remains uncertain. Here we review the taxonomy and distribution of this species, based on morphological and morphometric data from 267 specimens deposited in ornithological collections. Our results suggest the existence of six unambiguous taxonomic units that can be treated as phylogenetic species: Piculus xanthochloros (Sclater & Salvin 1875), from northwestern South America; Piculus capistratus (Malherbe 1862), from northern Amazonia west to the Branco River; Piculus laemostictus Todd 1937, from southern Amazonia; Piculus chrysochloros (Vieillot 1818), from the Cerrado, Caatinga and Chaco; Piculus paraensis (Snethlage 1907) from the Belém Center of Endemism; and Piculus polyzonus (Valenciennes 1826) from the Atlantic Forest. Both Brazilian endemics (P. polyzonus and P. paraensis) are threatened due to habitat loss. In addition, we found one undescribed form from the Tapajós-Tocantins interfluve, now under study, that may prove to be a valid species once more specimens and other data become available.

A checklist of the moray eels of the world (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3474 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID G. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Type

A checklist of the currently recognized species of moray eels (Muraenidae) is presented. One hundred ninety seven speciesare considered to be valid, in 15 genera, and two subfamilies. The account for each valid species contains bibliographicinformation for that species and all synonyms, including primary type specimens and type locality. Also given for eachspecies is the number of vertebrae, the mean vertebral formula (MVF), the general geographic distribution, and any ex-planatory remarks that may be needed. A list of nominal genera and species is given, with the current status of each. Separate lists are provided for names that cannot be assigned to known species (incertae sedis) and those that are unavailable.

scholarly journals The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of ‘RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala’ revisited: relevant changes in community composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nemésio ◽  
IRC. Paula
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eulaema Nigrita

The orchid-bee fauna of ‘Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala’, a 957-ha preserve of Atlantic Forest in eastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, was surveyed 12 years after the first inventory in the area. Orchid-bee males were actively collected with insect nets when attracted to seventeen chemical compounds used as scent baits. Three hundred and nineteen males belonging to nine species were collected during 40 hours in late December, 2011, when orchid bees are supposedly more active. Euglossa despecta Moure, 1968, one of the dominant species in the area 12 years ago, was not recorded in the present study. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841, on the other hand, represented only 16% of the collected bees in 1999 and 61% in the present study. Possible causes and consequences of these changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Community of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in transitional vegetation between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
EP. Pires ◽  
LN. Morgado ◽  
B. Souza ◽  
CF. Carvalho ◽  
A. Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Bait Traps

The community of orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) was studied at an area in the transition between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, from March, 2010 to February, 2011 in the Barroso region, state of Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil. Orchid-bee males were collected with bait traps containing three different scents (cineole, eugenol and vanillin) and with entomological nets for collecting bees on flowers. A total of 614 orchid-bee males were collected using aromatic traps, belonging to four genera and 15 species. Twenty-five female specimens belonging to two genera and at least three species were collected on flowers. Eulaema (Apeulaema) nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 was the most abundant species (50% of collected specimens), followed by Euglossa (Euglossa) truncata Rebêlo & Moure, 1996 (28%). Cineole was the most attractive compound (66.5% of males and 13 species), followed by eugenol (16% and 9 species) and vanillin (13.5% and 4 species). Eulaema (Apeulaema) marcii Nemésio, 2009 and Eufriesea auriceps (Friese, 1899) were attracted to all scents, whereas Euglossa species were collected only in cineole and eugenol.

A new species of Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 from Brazil (Coleoptera: Trogidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4524 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
JEAN-BERNARD HUCHET ◽  
VINICIUS DA COSTA-SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
A New Species

Polynoncus vazdemelloi Huchet & Costa-Silva new species (Coleoptera: Trogidae) from Brazil is described and illustrated with data about the natural history and geographic distribution. Comparative data between P. vazdemelloi, P. juglans (Ratcliffe, 1978), and P. gemmingeri (Harold, 1872), species closely related morphologically, are given. Omorgus (Omorgus) triestinae Pittino, 1987 is removed from synonymy with O. (O.) suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) and reinstated as a valid species. 

scholarly journals The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of ‘Reserva Biológica de Una’, a hotspot in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, eastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Southern Bahia ◽  
First Time

The orchid-bee fauna of ‘Reserva Biológica de Una’ (REBIO Una), one of the largest Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Bahia, eastern Brazil, was surveyed for the first time. Baits with sixteen different scents were used to attract males of orchid bees. Eight hundred and fifty-nine males belonging to 26 species were actively collected with insect nets during 60 hours in January and February, 2009, and January, 2010. Euglossa avicula Dressler, 1982 and Euglossa milenae Bembé, 2007 have been recorded for the first time in the state of Bahia. It was found that REBIO Una has one of the most diverse and rich orchid-bee faunas of the entire Atlantic Forest domain and holds some rare species, such as Euglossa cyanochloraMoure, 1996.

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