Cladistic analysis of Megachile (Chrysosarus) Mitchell and revalidation of Megachile (Dactylomegachile) Mitchell (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2284 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVANA DURANTE ◽  
NORA CABRERA
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Tropical Areas

Megachile is the largest genus of the family Megachilidae, being widely distributed throughout temperate and tropical areas of the world. The validity of M. (Chrysosarus) and M. (Dactylomegachile) was investigated based on a cladistic analysis of 63 characters of adult morphology of 14 taxa. The single most parsimonious tree (181 steps, CI=0.60; RI=0.63) resulting from an implied weighting analysis recovered M. (Chrysosarus) and M. (Dactylomegachile) as monophyletic groups. Both subgenera are redescribed and the value of the most frequently used characters in the taxonomy of Megachile is discussed.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the World species of the genus Ischnopoda Stephens, 1837(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1179 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ PA–NIK
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
New Combination ◽  
World Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The World ◽  
Eleven Species

The World species of the genus Ischnopoda, Stephens are revised and the genus is redefined. The genera Amanota Casey and Rechota Sharp are considered as new synonyms of Ischnopoda. The revised Ischnopoda includes thirty-eight species, 13 of which are described as new: Ischnopoda assingi sp. n., I. boliviana sp. n., I. brasiliana sp. n., I. chilensis sp. n., I. depressa sp. n., I. drugmandi sp. n., I. lingshani sp. n., I. nebulosa sp. n., I. pretiosa sp. n., I. pseudobasalis sp. n., I. rugosa sp. n., I. schuelkei sp. n. and I. spissata sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed (each first name being valid): Ischnopoda basalis (Cameron, 1923) = Amanota bimarginata Pace, 1996, syn. n.; I. capensis (Casey, 1906) = Falagria arachnipes Fauvel, 1907, syn. n. = Amanota densicollis Pace, 1986, syn. n. = A. rufobrunnea Tottenham, 1957, syn. n.; Ischnopoda rudicollis (Bernhauer, 1934) = Amanota purpurascens Tottenham, 1957, syn. n. = A. wittei Cameron, 1950, syn. n. The following synonym is confirmed: I. leucopus (Marsham, 1802) = Tachyusa chalybea Erichson, 1839. Lectotypes are designated for Amanota capensis Casey, A. semiopaca Cameron, Ischnopoda subaenea Eppelsheim, Rechota impressa Sharp, Staphylinus leucopus Marsham, Tachyusa abyssina Bernhauer, T. burgeoni Bernhauer, T. chalybea Erichson, T. fissicollis Fairmaire et Germain, T. rudicollis Bernhauer, T. scitula Erichson, T. seticornis Sharp, T. sparsa Sharp and T. umbratica Erichson. Twenty-one species are given in new combination. All species are briefly described/redescribed and illustrated. An identification key to the World species of Ischnopoda is provided. A phylogeny of thirty-eight species belonging to the genus Ischnopoda is proposed, based on fifty-two morphological characters. The cladistic analysis provides a single most parsimonious tree. The genus Ischnopoda is redefined and species group are introduced and defined: leucopus group (eleven species), impressa group (nine species) and capensis group (eighteen species).

Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) based on adult morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2218 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMABÍLIO J. A. DE CAMARGO ◽  
OLAF H. H. MIELKE ◽  
MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies

The family Saturniidae is distributed on all continents except polar areas, and includes about 1528 species in 162 genera, being the group with the largest diversity among Bombycoidea. Approximately 970 species are known from the New World. However, recent molecular studies indicate 1861 species in 162 genera and nine subfamilies. The family Arsenurinae consists of 63 species distributed exclusively in ten Neotropical genera, with phylogenetic relationships poorly understood. The goal of this study was to test the monophyly of the subfamily, tribes and genera using cladistic analysis of adult morphological characters. The subfamily, tribes and genera were all recovered as monophyletic groups with the following relationships among genera: (Almeidaia ((Loxolomia, Copiopteryx) ((Rhescyntis) ((Grammopelta, Arsenura) ((Caio) ((Dysdaemonia, Titaea) Paradaemonia)))))). Both tribes, Arsenurini and Almeidaiini, share several characters, but morphological study of Almeidaiini demonstrates that it also presents significant differences.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the species of Ciconia (Aves, Ciconiidae) based on cranial osteological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-589
Author(s):  
Suely Silva Santos ◽  
Stella Yasmin Lima Nobushige ◽  
Arthur Serejo Neves Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Das Chagas Vieira Santos ◽  
Reginaldo José Donatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
The One

The Family Ciconiidae currently comprises 19 species distributed primarily in the tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. Recent studies on phylogeny within the genus and families of birds provided a new opportunity for the analysis of the cranial structure in a phylogenetical context. Consequently, the aim was to describe in detail the cranial osteology of the representative species of Ciconia (C. abdimii, C. ciconia, C. episcopus, C. maguari and C. nigra), aiming to compare the characters found amongst the species that form this genus and these with the one from other members of the Family Ciconiidae and determine the family relationships amongst the species, using the methodology of phylogenetic systematic. Cranial osteology has proven to be a good tool for the cladistic analysis of the genus Ciconia, providing osteologic characters that proves the monophyly of the group. The topology of the tree obtained in the present study has revealed itself as well resolved, presenting positive perspectives to the morphologic studies of the genus. The cladogram presented corroborates the hypothesis of the monophyletic characteristic of the Ciconia, the C. ciconia being the most basal of the genus. The topology of the cladogram is: (C. ciconia ((C. nigra (C. abdimii C. episcopus)) C. maguari)). In general, Ciconia presents a specialized skull, with peculiar characteristics and different from what is observed in other groups of birds.

Mansfield Park

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
Jane Stabler
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Mansfield Park ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

‘Me!’ cried Fanny … ‘Indeed you must excuse me. I could not act any thing if you were to give me the world. No, indeed, I cannot act.’ At the age of ten, Fanny Price leaves the poverty of her Portsmouth home to be brought up among the family of her wealthy uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram, in the chilly grandeur of Mansfield Park. There she accepts her lowly status, and gradually falls in love with her cousin Edmund. When the dazzling and sophisticated Henry and Mary Crawford arrive, Fanny watches as her cousins become embroiled in rivalry and sexual jealousy. As the company starts to rehearse a play by way of entertainment, Fanny struggles to retain her independence in the face of the Crawfords’ dangerous attractions; and when Henry turns his attentions to her, the drama really begins… This new edition does full justice to Austen’s complex and subtle story, placing it in its Regency context and elucidating the theatrical background that pervades the novel.

Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Philip M. Novack-Gottshall ◽  
Roy E. Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Genus

The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).

scholarly journals Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Arisaema (Areaceae): a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Ali ◽  
Ubaid Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Abstract Background The genus Arisaema (Areaceae), popularly known as cobra lilies and jack in pulpit is mainly found in temperate to tropical areas of all continents except South America, Europe and Australia and contain about more than 250 species. Arisaema genus is being used by the different folks of human populations for medicinal as well as food purposes. Arisaema plants are used for the treatment of different types of diseases. There have been several attempts to highlight different aspects of genus Arisaema by describing it in terms of phytochemistry and medicinal uses. The present study is, however, an attempt to put together all the former data available related to the phytochemistry and medicinal uses of genus Arisaema. Main body The phytochemicals of the plant include alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, lectins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, stigmasterols, n-alkanes, n-alkanols sitosterols, campesterol, oxalates, coumarins, tannins etc. Moreover, the properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, nematocidal, antiallergic antitumour and anticancer activities are also shown by the plants belonging to genus Arisaema. Arisaema plants have been traditionally used to treat various ailments such as resolving phlegm, dampness, and to treat asthma, bronchitis, cold, cough, and laryngitis etc. It has been found that there are several species which are toxic by nature. The development of clinical applications of arisaematis rhizomes had been seriously constrained due to its toxic properties like, mouth and lingua pain, even respiration slowing and suffocation, mucous membrane and skin irritation etc. and this toxicity of arisaematis rhizomes is due to raphide components. Conclusions The collection of data available on the phytochemistry of genus Arisaema is not sufficient as further work is required to do on phytochemical and medicinal basis. The data available on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the plants belonging to genus Arisaema throws light on various species of Arisaema which are medicinally important and have been exploited to treat different types of diseases in the world.

scholarly journals A World Through Glass: A Narrative Around the Family Experiences During the Confinement of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110249
Author(s):  
Gustavo González-Calvo ◽  
Marta Arias-Carballal
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Methodology

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the world has witnessed significant changes since then. Spain has been forced to go into extreme lockdown, cancelling all school classes and outdoor activities for children. Our study explores how parents of a group of school children aged 7 to 8 years have experienced confinement due to the COVID-19 health crisis. Following a narrative methodology, the results have been organized around a story that takes as a reference the period of confinement for a mother and worker in times of confinement. The conclusions of our study suggest that participants have experienced significant changes in their routines, having faced numerous personal and professional dilemmas in a climate of great emotional burden. This study is the first of its kind in investigating how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the ways that children and their families live and its possible implications for their futures.

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