Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2300 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
IMRE FOLDI

The diversity of the archaeococcoid scale insect fauna in the Cordillera of the Andes, particularly the páramos, was studied in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. The páramos is an ecosystem in the tropical high mountains, where the temperature alternates between freezing at night and thawing during the day. Within this habitat, two new genera and several new species and new country records were discovered and are described and illustrated below. Thus, at 4200 m in the Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela, a new monophlebid genus, Corandesia Foldi n. gen., is erected for C. kozári Foldi n. sp. (Monophlebidae) based on the adult female. The genus Paramoandesia Foldi n. gen. (Monophlebidae) is erected for P. colombiensis Foldi n. sp. from 4200 m in Colombia, based on the adult female and male and for P. ecuadorensis Foldi n. sp. from 4100 m in Ecuador, based on the adult females. These three new species were found on Espeletia spp. (Asteraceae) in the páramos and, although living in the typically harsh environmental conditions of this habitat, do not appear to have developed special protective structures, although they have probably developed physiological adaptations and appear to exploit the protection afforded by the microhabitat at the base of large, dense leaves of their host plant. In addition, at 2000 m near Mérida, another monophlebid, Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) was collected, previously only known from Guyana, and redescribed here based on the adult female and first-instar nymph. The adult and preadult females of Mimosicerya williamsi Foldi n. sp. (Coelostomidiidae) from 2500 m in Venezuela are described and illustrated. In addition, Platycoelostoma rauppi Foldi n. sp. (Callipappidae), a hypogeal species found on the roots of alfalfa in the mountains around Cusco, Peru, is described based on the adult female. This is the first record of a member of the Callipapidae from South America, as Platycoelostoma Morrison was previously believed to be restricted to Australia and to New Zealand. A taxonomic key to genera based on the adult females of Coelostomidiidae in the Neotropics is provided and, also keys to the adult females of species of Mimosicerya Cockerell (Coelostomidiidae), Paramoandesia (Monophlebidae) and to Platycoelostoma (Callipappidae).Les Archaeococcoides de la Cordillère des Andes de Colombie, de l’Equateur, du Pérou et du Venezuela sont analysés. Dans les páramos étudiés, un écosystème de haute montagne où les températures nuit-jour alternent entre congélation et décongélation, deux nouveau genres et plusieurs espèces nouvelles ont été découverts. Ainsi, dans les páramos de la Cordillère de Mérida, Venezuela, 4200 m, Corandesia Foldi n. gen. est créé pour l’espèce C. kozári Foldi n. sp. fondée sur l’adulte femelle. (Monophlebidae). Paramoandesia Foldi n. gen. est créé pour les espèces P. colombiensis Foldi n. sp. de Colombie, 4200 m, description fondée sur les adultes femelle et mâle et P. ecuadorensis Foldi n. sp. de l’Equateur, 4100 m, (Monophlebidae). Les espèces des páramos furent toutes collectées sur Espeletia spp. (Asteraceae) et, bien que vivant dans des conditions d’environnement extrêmes, elles n’ont cependant pas de structure de protection, mais ont développé probablement une adaptation physiologique, exploitent de plus l’effet protecteur du microclimat offert par les bases des larges feuilles de leurs plantes-hôtes. A une altitude inférieure près de Mérida au Venezuela, vers 2000 m, Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) autre Monophlebidae, a été collectée, alors qu’elle n’était connue que de Guyana est redécrite fondée sur l’adulte femelle et de la première stade larvaire. Adulte et préadulte femelle de Mimosicerya williamsi Foldi n. sp. (Coelostomididae) du Venezuela, 2500 m, sont décrites et illustrées. Au Pérou, Platycoelostoma rauppi Foldi n. sp. (Callipappidae), espèce hypogée trouvée sur les racines de Medicago sativa, sur les montagnes environnantes de Cusco, décrite fondée sur l’adulte femelle. Il s’agit de la première découverte d’un membre de la famille des Callipappidae en Amérique du Sud, le genre Platycoelostoma Morrison étant jusqu’à présent considéré comme restreint à l’Australie et à la Nouvelle-Zélande. Une clef taxonomique fondée sur les adultes femelles est proposée pour les genres néotropicaux de Coelostomidiidae, ainsi que pour les espèces des genres Mimosicerya Cockerell (Coelostomidiidae), Paramoandesia (Monophlebidae), et Platycoelostoma Morrison (Callipappidae).

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2644 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA C. HENDERSON ◽  
AMIR SULTAN ◽  
ALASTAIR W. ROBERTSON

The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and 1st-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand – Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand’s loranthaceous mistletoes.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
GILLIAN W. WATSON ◽  
DAVID OUVRARD

Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are obligate plant parasites feeding on plant sap; some are damaging pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Despite their economic importance, the scale insects found in continental Africa have not been extensively studied and the keys for identifying them are incomplete and scattered through the literature in several languages. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the African scale insect fauna. As a first step towards their identification, we provide a key to the 23 families currently known from continental Africa, based on slide-mounted adult females, covering Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Cerococcidae, Coccidae, Conchaspididae, Dactylopiidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Kerriidae, Kuwaniidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, Matsucoccidae, Micrococcidae, Monophlebidae, Ortheziidae, Phoenicococcidae, Pseudococcidae, Putoidae, Rhizoecidae and Stictococcidae.  


2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumasa Kondo ◽  
Michael L. Williams

Three species of Mexican soft scales, Neolecanium leucaenae Cockerell, Toumeyella cerifera Ferris and T. sonorensis Cockerell and Parrott, are redescribed based on the adult females and are transferred to Neotoumeyella gen. nov. as N. leucaenae (Cockerell) comb. nov., N. cerifera (Ferris) comb. nov. and N. sonorensis (Cockerell and Parrott) comb. nov. Two new species, N. caliensis Kondo and Williams sp. nov. from Colombia and N. cephalanthi Kondo and Williams sp. nov. from the U.S.A, are described and illustrated based on the adult female. A key to the genera of New World Myzolecaniinae based on the adult female is provided. We designate lectotypes for N. leucaenae, T. cerifera and T. sonorensis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117954331878514
Author(s):  
Nereida Mestre-Novoa ◽  
Takumasa Kondo

A new neotropical genus and species of soft scale insect from Cuba, Hamonicoccus Mestre and Kondo gen. nov. is described and Hamonicoccus alayoi Mestre and Kondo sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) is described and illustrated based on the adult female. The species was collected in Cayos de las Cinco Leguas, Matanzas Province, on Capparis cynophallophora (Capparaceae), and in Surgidero de Batabanó, Mayabeque Province, on Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae). The affinities of H alayoi sp. nov. with closely related species is discussed based on published literature. An updated list of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) known from Cuba is provided.


Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3384 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
BOZENA ŁAGOWSKA ◽  
CHRIS HODGSON

The adult females of two new species of Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are described and placed in Anzaspis Henderson(previously only known from New Zealand): A. neocordylinidis Łagowska & Hodgson and A. pandani Łagowska & Hodgson.The former is close to A. cordylinidis (Maskell), currently only known from New Zealand and found on the same host plantspecies, and the latter is very close to Chionaspis pandanicola Williams & Watson, only currently known from Fiji, and alsocollected on the same host plant species. Two previously described Chionaspis species already known from Fiji, i.e. C.freycinetiae Williams & Watson and C. pandanicola Williams & Watson are transferred to Anzaspis as Anzaspis freycinetiae(Williams & Watson) comb. nov. and A. pandanicola (Williams & Watson) comb. nov., and a third species, C. rhaphidophoraeWilliams & Watson, is transferred to Serenaspis as Serenaspis rhaphidophorae (Williams & Watson) comb. nov.. The reasonsfor these nomenclatural decisions and the relationship between the scale insect fauna of Fiji and New Zealand are discussed. A key is provided to all related species in the tropical South Pacific and New Zealand.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2291 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANALÍA R. DÍAZ ◽  
ESTELA C. LOPRETTO

Cypriconcha hypsophila n. sp. is described and illustrated from high-altitude freshwater bodies within the Argentine province of Catamarca, which represents the first record of this genus in South America. This paper also presents a taxonomical key for identification of all species within the genus. Some comments concerning how this particular species could have spread from the high mountains from the Nearctic region to those of the northwestern Andes are provided.


Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4358 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
BOZENA ŁAGOWSKA ◽  
JON H. MARTIN ◽  
CHRIS J. HODGSON

The adult female, first-instar nymph, second-instar male, third-instar female, pupa and adult male of a new species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Malaysia, M. ulubendulensis Łagowska & Martin sp. n., are described and illustrated, while the second-instar female is only described. Marsipococcus is rediagnosed and a key to the adult females of the four species now placed in this genus is included. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENNY J. GULLAN ◽  
TAKUMASA KONDO ◽  
BRIGITTE FIALA ◽  
SWEE-PECK QUEK

The Southeast Asian soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) associated with ants of the Crematogaster borneensis-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and living in the hollow stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) are revised taxonomically. Ten species of the genus Coccus L. are recognised: seven were described previously and three new species are described herein. The species are: Coccus caviramicolus Morrison, C. circularis Morrison, C. heckrothi Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. lambirensis Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. macarangicolus Takahashi, C. macarangae Morrison, C. penangensis Morrison, C. pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n., C. secretus Morrison and C. tumuliferus Morrison. All of these species are described or redescribed and newly illustrated based on the adult females, and a key to distinguish the species is provided. We designate a lectotype for C. macarangicolus. The first-instar nymphs of all species are morphologically extremely similar and therefore only the first-instar nymph of C. macarangae is described and illustrated. Seven of these species currently are known only from Macaranga, but C. macarangae, C. secretus and perhaps C. pseudotumuliferus have been recorded from the hollow stems of several other ant-plants and a few non-myrmecophytes. The Coccus species from Macaranga are closely related to C. hesperidum L., the type species of the genus, and therefore are retained in the genus Coccus even though the adult females exhibit a few morphological differences from C. hesperidum. The species of Coccus from Macaranga appear to be parthenogenetic because no male nymphs or adults have been found, despite extensive collecting. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4750 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
TONG CAO ◽  
JI-NIAN FENG

A new species of soft scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in the genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866 is recorded from Yunnan, China on Pistacia chinensis Bunge. Pulvinaria pistaciae Cao & Feng sp. n. is described and illustrated, based on adult female morphology. Pulvinaria decorata Borchsenius, 1957 is recorded for the first time from China (Henan and Shaanxi). A key to the adult females of Pulvinaria species known to occur in China is provided, and a table to show their distributions in various zoogeographical regions in China. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4859 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-450
Author(s):  
SAN-AN WU ◽  
SHAOBIN HUANG ◽  
CHUANGUAN LIANG

A new species, Kermicus huizhouensis Wu & Huang sp. n. (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), is described and illustrated based on the adult female, second instar female and first-instar nymph. It was collected at Qianfeng village, Huiyang District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, P. R. China, inside the stem of bamboo Bambusa rigida (Poaceae) and attended by the ant Tetraponera binghami (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). It differs from K. wroughtoni Newstead, 1897 by the adult female lacking multilocular disc pores in the marginal region of the venter, and both the adult female and first-instar nymph having the anal ring bearing 16–20 setae. Keys to genera of legless mealybugs on bamboo based on adult females, and the immature stages of Kermicus, are provided. 


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