Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4461 (4) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRSTEN E. NICHOLSON ◽  
BRIAN I. CROTHER ◽  
CRAIG GUYER ◽  
JAY M. SAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Topological Stability ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
The Family

In a tour-de-force for anole biology, Poe et al. (2017) provide the most complete phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Dactyloidae yet attempted. The contribution is remarkable in the completeness of sampled taxa and breath of included characters. It is equally remarkable in the concordance of their consensus tree with the topology of previous phylogenetic inferences. Thus, the creation of a near-complete data matrix of extant taxa demonstrates that an asymptote in tree topological stability likely was reached in previous studies with more limited sampling (e.g. Alfoldi 2011, Jackman et al. 1999, Nicholson et al. 2012). Such a result provides hope that major lineages within the anole radiation can be examined consistently by scientists interested in parsing evolutionary patterns emerging within and among them. 

scholarly journals Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
GLENN M. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Classification

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.  

Nomenclatural emendations of the family-group names Cylindrolepadinae, Stomatolepadinae, Chelolepadinae, Cryptolepadinae, and Tubicinellinae of Ross & Frick, 2007—including current definitions of family-groups within the Coronuloidea (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3106 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNOLD ROSS ◽  
MICHAEL F. FRICK
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Groups

The coronuloid barnacle family-group names Cylindrolepadinae, Stomatolepadinae, Chelolepadinae, Cryptolepadinae and Tubicinellinae of Ross & Frick, 2007 are considered nomen nudum according to Article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, but appear in several subsequent published works and internet taxonomic databases. It is the purpose of this communication to rectify this situation. These five subfamilial names are proposed and defined herein anew, as Cylindrolepadinae subfam. nov., Stomatolepadinae subfam. nov., Chelolepadinae subfam. nov., Cryptolepadinae subfam. nov. and Tubicinellinae subfam. nov. The remaining valid family-group names within the Coronuloidea are also listed and defined herein.

Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies  Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1535 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM ◽  
EIRIK RINDAL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Transformation Series

A phylogenetic analysis of the Mycetophiliformia (= Sciaroidea) was performed to determine the relationships among its families and to place the following genera of uncertain position in the system: Heterotricha, Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Freemanomyia, Rhynchoheterotricha, Chiletricha, Afrotricha, Anisotricha, Kenyatricha, Nepaletricha, Sciarosoma, Sciaropota, Insulatricha, Cabamofa, Rogambara, and Starkomyia. Eratomyia n. gen. is described based on a new species from Ecuador. Colonomyia brasiliana sp.n. and Colonomyia freemani sp.n. are described respectively from southern Brazil and Chile. The male of Cabamofa mira Jaschhof is described for the first time. A total of 64 terminal taxa and 137 transformation series (with 202 characters) were included in the data matrix, with a number of new features from thoracic morphology. Willi Hennig’s 1973 system for the higher Bibionomorpha was adopted using the name Mycetophiliformia for the Sciaroidea. The Mycetophiliformia are monophyletic. The family Cecidomyiidae appears as the sister group of the remaining Mycetophiliformia, followed by the Sciaridae. In the preferred topology, the Rangomaramidae appear as the group sister of a clade consisting of (Ditomyiidae + Bolitophilidae + Diadocidiidae + Keroplatidae) and of (Lygistorrhinidae + Mycetophilidae). The topology within the Rangomaramidae is (Chiletrichinae subfam. n. (Heterotrichinae subfam. n. ((Rangomaraminae + Ohakuneinae subfam. n.))). The Chiletrichinae include the genera Kenyatricha, Rhynchoheterotricha, Insulatricha, Chiletricha, and Eratomyia n. gen. Heterotrichinae and Rangomaraminae are monotypic. The subfamily Ohakuneinae includes Ohakunea, Colonomyia, Cabamofa, and Rogambara. The positions of Freemanomyia, Loicia, Taxicnemis, Sciaropota, Starkomyia, Anisotricha, Nepaletricha, and Sciarosoma are considered. Afrotricha might belong to the Sciaridae. The similarities used by many authors to gather the Sciaridae and Mycetophilidae in a clade are shown to be a combination of plesiomorphies and homoplasies.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL LEMAITRE ◽  
PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN ◽  
ULF SORHANNUS
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the “symmetrical” hermit crab family Pylochelidae were analyzed for 41 of the 45 species and subspecies currently considered valid. In the analyses, 78 morphological characters comprised the data matrix and the outgroup consisted of Thalassina anomala, a member of the Thalassinidae, and Munida quadrispina, a member of the Galatheidae. A poorly resolved strict consensus tree was obtained from a heuristic parsimony analysis of unweighted and unordered characters, which showed the family Pylochelidae and the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Pomatochelinae to be monophyletic taxa – the latter two groups had the highest Bremer support values. Additionally, while the subgenus Pylocheles (Pylocheles) was strongly supported, the subgenera Xylocheles, and Bathycheles were not. More fully resolved trees were obtained when using implied weighting, which recognized the monotypic subfamilies Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. The subfamily Trizochelinae was found to have four distinct clades and several ambiguously placed taxa.

Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman, 1980, Senior Synonym of Vicmusia Just, 1990 (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Vicmusiidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
J Just
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
The Family ◽  
Senior Synonym

Acanthonotozomopsis Watling & Holman, 1980 and Vicmusia Just, 1990 are synonymised under the older name. Two species are recognised, A. pushkini (Bushueva, 1978) and A. duplocoxa (Just, 1990). The placing of Acanthonotozomopsis in the Acanthonotozomellidae or Iphimediidae sensu lato is rejected. The family name Vicmusiidae is retained in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Six new genera of the subtribe Thioniina (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae) based on type material of L. Melichar and E. Schmidt in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-241
Author(s):  
V.M. Gnezdilov
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
One New Species

Six new genera are erected in the subtribe Thioniina of the tribe Issini to accommodate seven American species of the family Issidae, six of which were described by L. Melichar and E. Schmidt in early 20th century from Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, and one new species is described from Paraguay as follows: Carimeta gen. nov. (type species: Carimeta maculipennis sp. nov.); Metopasius gen. nov. (type species: Thionia proxima Melichar, 1906); Cophteroma gen. nov. (type species: Thionia truncatella Melichar, 1906); Cyclometa gen. nov. (type species: Thionia bifasciatifrons Melichar, 1906); Memusta gen. nov. (type species: Thionia obtusa Melichar, 1906); Thiopara gen. nov. (type species: Thionia fusca Melichar, 1906). Thionia sinuata Schmidt, 1910 is transferred to the genus Carimeta gen. nov. Six new combinations are formed: Carimeta sinuata (Schmidt, 1910), comb. nov.; Metopasius proximus (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Cophteroma truncatella (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Cyclometa bifasciatifrons (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Memusta obtusa (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov.; Thiopara fusca (Melichar, 1906), comb. nov. The lectotypes are designated for Thionia fusca Melichar, T. proxima Melichar, and T. sinuata Schmidt to stabilize the nomenclature in the studied group according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. New record for Cyclometa bifasciatifrons from Brasil is provided. Photographs of the type specimens with original labels including Melichar’s and Schmidt’s autographs as well as drawings of all studied species are given.

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Analysis of Tribes of the Asteraceae Based on Phytochemical Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita M. Calabria ◽  
Vicente P. Emerenciano ◽  
Marcelo J. P. Ferreira ◽  
Marcus T. Scotti ◽  
Tom J. Mabry
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Chemical Database ◽  
The Family

This work describes the first phylogenetic analysis of the entire Asteraceae based only on chemical data. The data matrix used in this study was based on a large chemical database comprising ~400 skeletal types of terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, benzofurans and polyacetylenes isolated from the family. Hypotheses about the relationships among tribes are discussed based on the chemical data and compared with relationships inferred from the morphological and macromolecular based classifications.

Bernieridae (Aves: Passeriformes): a family-group name for the Malagasy sylvioid radiation

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2554 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICE CIBOIS ◽  
NORMAND DAVID ◽  
STEVEN M. S. GREGORY ◽  
ERIC PASQUET
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
Dispersal Events

The island of Madagascar is a renowned hotspot for adaptive radiations. Madagascar has been separated from mainland Africa since the end of the Jurassic, and from India since the Late Cretaceous. This long isolation, combined with the island’s large size and relatively few dispersal events has resulted in an avifauna characterized by a low species count and high endemism: for instance, 80% of the breeding Malagasy songbirds (Passeriformes) are endemic (Hawkins & Goodman 2003). A first series of papers (Cibois et al. 1999, 2001; Fjeldsa et al. 1999) on the phylogeny of the Malagasy taxa traditionally classified as Timaliidae, Sylviidae and Pycnonotidae (all families included in the large sylvioid clade) showed that several of these passerines form an original radiation endemic to the island. Because these results were based solely on a single kind of molecular marker (mitochondrial DNA sequences), the authors refrained at that time from giving a name to this clade. More recently, other studies using nuclear markers as well (Beresford et al. 2005; Johansson et al. 2008a, 2008b) confirm the existence of this Malagasy sylvioid radiation. The species that comprise this group exhibit a great variety of bill shapes, wing and tail proportions, and tarsus lengths. This diversity in morphology is linked to varieties of habitat and prey favoured by these insectivorous forest dwellers (Schulenberg 2003). Thus the endemic Malagasy sylvioid clade rivals other island radiations, including the vangas of Madagascar and the finches of the Galapagos, in ecological and morphological diversity. Several authors were inclined to consider this group at the family level, using the name ‘Bernieridae’. To our knowledge the first study using this name was the book “The natural history of Madagascar”, edited by S. M. Goodman and J. Benstead in 2003, where the name ‘Bernieridae’ appeared in two chapters (in Tingle et al. (2003: p. 522) and Hawkins & Goodman (2003: p. 1036), although Schulenberg (2003: p. 1131) referred to the Malagasy "warblers" in his chapter on the radiations of passerine birds on Madagascar). An alternative spelling for the family-group name, ‘Bernieriidae’, can be found in several personal pages on the internet, but we have not found an occurrence of this in any publication, as defined in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4th edition, 1999). The name ‘Bernieridae’ was later used in several journal articles (Chouteau & Fenosoa 2008; Fuchs et al. 2008; Johansson et al. 2008a, 2008b), however, none of these have introduced the family-group name ‘Bernieridae’ according to the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, i.e. the nominal taxon was not explicitly indicated as intentionally new (Article 16.1) and the type genus was not cited (Article 16.2). In the present paper, we therefore propose to rectify this situation by correctly introducing the family-group name for the Malagasy sylvioid radiation.

Redescription and designation of a neotype for Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiotrichidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALISSON SANTANA ◽  
CYNTHIA L.C. MANSO ◽  
ANA C.S. ALMEIDA ◽  
ORANE F.S. ALVES
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Brittle Stars ◽  
The Family ◽  
Variable Morphology

Ophiotrichidae Ljungman, 1867 comprises brittle stars diagnosed by the absence of oral papillae and presence of a cluster of dental papillae covering at least half the height of the dental plate. Ophiothrix Müller & Troschel, 1840 is the largest genus in the family and is composed of many species with a highly variable morphology. Ophiothrix angulata is one species with descriptions showing morphological variation in many of the diagnostic characters stated by Say (1825) in the original description. Say’s (1825) type material and specimens studied by him could be located. Thus, in order to elucidate the taxonomic identity of O. angulata and following Article 75 of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, here we propose the neotype designation of O. angulata based on topotype specimens from South Carolina, United States. A discussion of the records of O. angulata from the Atlantic Ocean is included. Taxonomic comments on the genus Ophiothrix are also provided. 

scholarly journals Male terminalia of Cercopidae (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha): towards a consensus terminology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Le Cesne ◽  
Elorde Crispolon ◽  
Adeline Soulier-Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
The Family ◽  
Homologous Characters ◽  
Male Genital

AbstractThe study of male genital appendages is often necessary to identify a species and to characterise the higher systematics ranks for the Cercopidae, a large family of Hemiptera. Therefore, many authors have used them in their work but without any clear consensus on the terms used for each part constituting the male terminalia. A standardised terminology is important for the quality of a taxonomic description but even more essential when we want to compare species and establish a primary homology between states of character and their use in the frame of phylogenetic analysis. The use of a consensus terminology should ensure that we are all observing, speaking and describing the same genital appendage and comparing homologous characters. In order to propose a consensus terminology, we have reviewed all the major works on the anatomy of terminalia for the family since the first description using those characters in 1922. We proposed the use of consensual terms, listed with their definitions. In addition we studied a diversified panel of male specimens, chosen in order to represent as many Cercopidae tribes as possible. We categorised five different groups of Cercopidae according to their male terminalia structures. This opens the reflection on the evolutionary patterns for these structures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document