New troglobitic species of Xangoniscus (Isopoda: Styloniscidae) from Brazil, with notes on their habitats and threats

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-108
Author(s):  
GIOVANNA MONTICELLI CARDOSO ◽  
RAFAELA BASTOS-PEREIRA ◽  
LEILA APARECIDA SOUZA ◽  
RODRIGO LOPES FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Water Table Level ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

In the present work, five new species of Xangoniscus are described, increasing to eight the number of the known troglobitic species for the genus. Xangoniscus species can be distinguished from each other by the shape of pleonites epimera, the number and size of aesthetascs in the distal article of antennula, the modifications on pereopods, the shape of male pleopods and the proportion between uropod rami. Species from this genus are known for the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia with Xangoniscus aganju representing the northernmost occurrence, and X. lundi n. sp. and X. dagua n. sp. the southernmost occurrences. Of the six caves where specimens were collected, four are not registered in the national speleological database, what points to all the potential to yet be discovered regarding number of cavities and the associated biodiversity in Brazil. Some of the here mentioned type localities are not located inside protected areas, therefore exposing the species to risks related to the adjacent land use and consequent influence on water table level and input of food resources. The contribution of this work with descriptions of new troglobitic species provides support to consider them as plausible candidates to be assessed in the next list of threatened species as well as to elaborate conservation actions for the species, the caves where they inhabit and the surrounding landscape.

A new species of Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) from Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: an epigean freshwater amphipod with troglobiotic traits at 2,200 meters of altitude

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
STELLA GOMES RODRIGUES ◽  
ANDRÉ R. SENNA ◽  
ADRIANA QUADRA ◽  
ALESSANDRA ANGÉLICA DE PÁDUA BUENO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella Smith, 1874 is described for the plateau of the Itatiaia National Park, located between the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. This is the first Brazilian species of Hyalella found at more than 2,200 meters of altitude. The specimens were found in a small stream, buried under rocks, in the higher area of the Park. The main morphological characteristics that differentiate the new species are the extreme reduction of the size of the uropod 3, absence of apical setae on telson, absence of comb-scales on gnatopods 1 and 2, absence of curved seta on inner ramus of uropod 1 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 3 to 7. The new species presents similarities with some cave species of the genus, apparently being troglophile and that is the process of adaptation to the hypogean habitat. The importance of creating new protected areas for the conservation of Hyalella in Brazil is discussed. 

scholarly journals The Best Bang for the Bucks: Rethinking Global Investment in Biodiversity Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9252
Author(s):  
Sebastián Cordero ◽  
Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa ◽  
Francisco E. Fontúrbel
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Education Investment ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Positive Effect

Biodiversity loss is a central issue in conservation biology, with protected areas being the primary approach to stop biodiversity loss. However, education has been identified as an important factor in this regard. Based on a database of threatened species and socio-economic features for 138 countries, we tested whether more protected areas or more education investment is associated with a lower proportion of threatened species (for different groups of vertebrates and plants). For this, we fitted generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) to assess the relative importance of socio-economic variables on the proportion of threatened species. We found that education investment was negatively associated with the proportion of threatened species in 2007 and 2017, as well as with their change rates. Conversely, the percentage of protected land was significant for reptiles but showed weak relationships with other groups. Our results suggest that only increasing protected areas will not stop or reduce biodiversity loss, as the context and people’s attitudes towards wildlife also play major roles here. Therefore, investing in education, in addition to protected areas, would have the missing positive effect on achieving effective species conservation actions worldwide.

Dorstenia acangatara (Moraceae), a new and threatened species from Southeastern Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO D. M. VIANNA f. ◽  
ALESSANDRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
ANDERSON F. P. MACHADO ◽  
VIDAL DE FREITAS MANSANO ◽  
SERGIO ROMANIUC NETO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
A New Species

Dorstenia acangatara (Moraceae), a new species, endemic to the Atlantic rainforest between Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais states, in Southeastern Brazil is described and illustrated. D. acangatara is considered threatened by IUCN standards due to its restricted geographic area of occurrence.

scholarly journals Estimating the benefit of well-managed protected areas for threatened species conservation

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Kearney ◽  
Vanessa M. Adams ◽  
Richard A. Fuller ◽  
Hugh P. Possingham ◽  
James E. M. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Threat Management ◽  
Almost All

AbstractProtected areas are central to global efforts to prevent species extinctions, with many countries investing heavily in their establishment. Yet the designation of protected areas alone can only abate certain threats to biodiversity. Targeted management within protected areas is often required to achieve fully effective conservation within their boundaries. It remains unclear what combination of protected area designation and management is needed to remove the suite of processes that imperil species. Here, using Australia as a case study, we use a dataset on the pressures facing threatened species to determine the role of protected areas and management in conserving imperilled species. We found that protected areas that are not resourced for threat management could remove one or more threats to 1,185 (76%) species and all threats to very few (n = 51, 3%) species. In contrast, a protected area network that is adequately resourced to manage threatening processes within their boundary could remove one or more threats to almost all species (n = 1,551; c. 100%) and all threats to almost half (n = 740, 48%). However, 815 (52%) species face one or more threats that require coordinated conservation actions that protected areas alone could not remove. This research shows that investing in the continued expansion of Australia's protected area network without providing adequate funding for threat management within and beyond the existing protected area network will benefit few threatened species. These findings highlight that as the international community expands the global protected area network in accordance with the 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, a greater emphasis on the effectiveness of threat management is needed.

scholarly journals Protecting an icon: Javan rhinoceros frontline management and conservation

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Steven Graham Wilson ◽  
Duan Biggs ◽  
Salit Kark
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Management And Conservation

Abstract Managers of threatened species in remote protected areas play a pivotal role in shaping the outcomes of management and conservation programmes. The island of Java supports the last remaining population of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, a Critically Endangered megaherbivore with only 72 individuals persisting in the wild, in Ujung Kulon National Park. Substantial resources are being invested to manage the Javan rhinoceros and it is difficult to monitor it in the rainforest to assess whether management actions have been successful. Insights from frontline staff into the outcomes of past conservation actions and the future actions required may be key to enhancing the outcomes of conservation actions for threatened species. To study the perceptions of frontline staff towards the conservation of the Javan rhinoceros, management actions and their outcomes, we surveyed all 36-frontline staff in Ujung Kulon National Park. Although staff perceptions of conservation outcomes were generally positive, they noted key anthropogenic threats and challenges to rhinoceros protection inherent to the survival of the last Javan rhinoceros population. Staff identified increased threat of disease transfer from domestic stock to the rhinoceros, in spite of protective fencing, and the combined effects of illegal firewood collection and agricultural encroachment on rhinoceros habitat. Systematically recording and incorporating the perceptions of frontline staff in remote and often inaccessible protected areas can help identify important areas for future conservation and threat mitigation that can facilitate better protection for the Javan rhinoceros and other iconic species.

scholarly journals A new Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from southern Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique C. Costa ◽  
Flávia C. Resende ◽  
Mauro Teixeira Jr. ◽  
Francisco Dal Vechio ◽  
Cinara A. Clemente
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Amphisbaena is described from a semi-deciduous forest in Conceição do Mato Dentro, southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following combined characters can diagnose the new species from all congeners: head round-shaped; two or three precloacal pores sequentially arranged; 190-199 body annuli; 2-3 lateral annuli; 23-25 caudal annuli; autotomy sites on caudal annuli 7-9; 12-14 dorsal segments on midbody annulus; 14-16 ventral segments on midbody annulus; three supralabials; three infralabials; postmalar row present or absent; dorsum light brown, with cream intersegmental sutures; venter cream. To date, the new species is known only from the Espinhaço Range, highlighting the importance of conservation actions for these mountains.

scholarly journals Peat soil quality index and its determinants as influenced by land use changes in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSSIE WIEDYA NUSANTARA ◽  
ASRIPIN ASPAN ◽  
ABDUL MUJID ALHADDAD ◽  
URAY EDI SURYADI1 ◽  
MAKHRAWIE MAKHRAWIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Water Table Level

Nusantara RW, Aspan A, Alhaddad AM, Suryadi UE, Makhrawie, Fitria I, Fakhrudin J, Rezekikasari. 2018. Peat soil quality index and its determinants as influenced by land use changes in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 535-540. Tropical peatland is continuously damaged in large area in Indonesia, caused by deep and wide drains which change the ecosystem. This research was conducted to evaluate the soil quality index (SQI) based on peatland use. The research was conducted in Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan Province, in secondary peat forest, shrubland, oil palm plantation and corn field. The variables observed in this research were subsidence, water-table level, depth of peat, bulk density, water content, porosity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, ash content, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium, C/N ratio and soil acidity. The results showed that SQI in secondary peat forest, shrubland, corn field and palm oil plantation were 0.40, 0.37, 0.37 and 0.37 respectively. The stepwise regression analyses showed that the variables influencing SQI were the depth of peat, water-table level, and ash content. Secondary forest had the highest level (0.74) for the depth of peat with 509 cm depth while the other sites had average level (0.41-0.43) with 108.4 cm-115.5 cm mean depth. SQI of peatland increased with the increasing depth of peat and ash content. The differences showed that land use change of peatland, from forest to plantation area would decrease its SQI.

scholarly journals The best bang for the bucks: rethinking global investment on biodiversity conservation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Fontúrbel ◽  
Sebastián Cordero ◽  
Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Education Investment ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractBiodiversity loss is a central issue in conservation biology, being protected areas the primary approach to stop biodiversity loss. However, education has been identified as an important factor in this regard. Based on a database of threatened species and socio-economic features for 138 countries, we tested whether more protected areas or more education investment are associated with a lower proportion of threatened species (for different groups of vertebrates and plants). We found that education investment was negatively associated with the proportion of threatened species in 2007 and 2017, as well as with their change rates. Conversely, the percentage of protected land was significant for reptiles, but show weak relationships with other groups. Our results suggest that only increasing protected areas will not stop or reduce biodiversity loss, as the context and people’s attitudes towards wildlife also play major roles here. Therefore, investing in education, in addition to protected areas, would have a positive effect missing to achieve effective species conservation actions worldwide.

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