Alpha-taxonomy and phylogeny of African Junoniini butterflies based on morphological data, with an emphasis on genitalia, and COI barcode (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4991 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-433
Author(s):  
TOMASZ W. PYRCZ ◽  
KLAUDIA FLORCZYK ◽  
STEVE COLLINS ◽  
SZABOLCS SÁFIÁN ◽  
OSCAR MAHECHA-J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Close Relationship

The tribe Junoniini is a predominantly Paleotropical group of the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Nymphalidae), with highest diversity in the Afrotropical region. Its systematics and relationships are not entirely resolved. Question marks remain concerning the validity of some genera; and the apparently close relationship between the Indo-Australian genus Yoma and the Afrotropical Protogoniomorpha, as evidenced by molecular phylogenies, remains a puzzle. Here, we present a cladistic analysis, based on 42 characters of the male and female genitalia of 41 species of Junoniini belonging to six genera, nearly all of them continental Afrotropical, and 3 species of two Indo-Australian genera Yoma and Rhinopalpa. A ML COI-based tree is produced for 36 species of Afrotropical Junoniini and Yoma. The molecular data are consistent with previous studies. However, morphological analysis does not confirm a close relationship between Protogoniomorpha and Yoma. Despite the evolution of a number of modifications, the male genitalia within all genera and species of the Junoniini share a cohesive build plan, in particular a transformed sacculus, from which Yoma is highly divergent. The position of the genus Kamilla, previously synonymized with Junonia, is discussed. Three East African coast taxa, Junonia elgiva stat. reinst., Protogoniomorpha nebulosa stat. reinst. and Salamis amaniensis stat. reinst., and one from central Africa, Precis silvicola stat. reinst. are raised to species level, based on comparative analysis of their male genitalia.  

Phylogenetic studies in Smallanthus (Millerieae, Asteraceae): a contribution from morphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Soledad Vitali ◽  
Jessica Noelia Viera Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Qualitative Characters

We present a cladistic analysis of all the species of Smallanthus. Six taxa within Rumfordia, Ichthyothere, Acanthospermum and Tridax served as outgroups. We evaluated the monophyly and the relationships between the species of Smallanthus through a maximum parsimony study based on morphological data. The matrix included 31 qualitative characters from floral and vegetative parts of the specimens. We also explored the phylogenetic significance of treating quantitative characters as continuous. Only one most parsimonious tree was obtained. In agreement with previous phylogenetic studies based on molecular data, we recovered a monophyletic Smallanthus. The presence of ray corollas, densely pubescent at the base, was the synapomorphy that defined Smallanthus. Smallanthus microcephalus and two other major clades were recovered. The first clade included S. glabratus, S. fruticosus, S. jelskii and S. pyramidalis, while the second one contained the remaining species of Smallanthus. The analysis recovered one species of Rumfordia as sister to Smallanthus. We present a new combination, Smallanthus cocuyensis, based on morphological analysis of the type specimen.

scholarly journals The Ends of the Indian Ocean: Tracing Coastlines in the Tanzanian “Hinterland”

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 359-383
Author(s):  
Julia Verne
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Relational Thinking ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
East Central ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Empirical Ground ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Spatial Entity

Abstract:In recent years, several attempts to revitalize Area Studies have concentrated on oceans as the unifying force to create regions. In this respect, the Indian Ocean has become a prime example to show how economic as well as cultural flows across the sea have contributed to close connections between its shores. However, by doing so, they not only seem to create a certain, rather homogeneous, Indian Ocean space, they often also lead to a conceptual separation between “coast” and “hinterland,” similar to earlier distinctions between “African/Arab” or “East/Central Africa.” In this contribution, so-called “Arab” traders who settled along trade routes connecting the East African coast to its hinterland will serve as an empirical ground to explore and challenge these boundaries. Tracing maritime imaginaries and related materialities in the Tanzanian interior, it will reflect on the ends of the Indian Ocean and the nature of such maritime conceptualizations of space more generally. By taking the relational thinking that lies at the ground of maritimity inland, it wishes to encourage a re-conceptualization of areas that not only replaces a terrestrial spatial entity with a maritime one, but that genuinely breaks with such “container-thinking” and, instead, foregrounds the meandering, fluid character of regions and their complex and highly dynamic entanglements.

A re-assessment of the Poecilimon syriacus group (Orthoptera Tettigonioidea, Phaneropteridae) based on bioacoustics, morphology and molecular data

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Sevgili ◽  
Klaus-Gerhard Heller ◽  
Klaus Reinhold
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Data Missing

AbstractIn this paper a combination of characters is described by which Poecilimon species (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropteridae) can be recognised as members of the P. syriacus group. All species occur in or around Anatolia – from the island of Samos in the West and the provinces of Artvin and Bitlis in the East to Jerusalem in the South. The molecular data (Ullrich 2007) suggest the following not completely resolved relationship (ersisi (syriacus, (karakushi, (angulatus, obtusicercus n. sp.)), (xenocercus, karabukensis), ((izmirensis, ege) serratus))), while P. uvarovi and P. adentatus as well as P. kutahiensis (molecular data missing) are also considered to belong to the group according to song and/or morphology. The morphological data previously used to define the group are not sufficient to recognize all of its members. Some species differed distinctly in the structure of male genitalia, but the calling songs of all species studied are characterized by an unusually high syllable repetition rate and low number of impulses per syllable. Thus the evolution of genitalia seems to be faster than that of song patterns.

The early history of West African highlife music

Popular Music ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Collins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Early History ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
History Of

Highlife is one of the myriad varieties of acculturated popular dance-music styles that have been emerging from Africa this century and which fuse African with Western (i.e. European and American) and islamic influences. Besides highlife, other examples include kwela, township jive and mbaqanga from South Africa, chimurenga from Zimbabwe, the benga beat from Kenya, taraab music from the East African coast, Congo jazz (soukous) from Central Africa, rai music from North Africa, juju and apala music from western Nigeria, makossa from the Cameroons and mbalax from Senegal.

Revision of the subgenus Metaeuops Legalov of Euops Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea, Attelabidae) from the Papuan region

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1181 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER RIEDEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Close Relationship

The subgenus Metaeuops Legalov (stat.n.) of Euops Schoenherr is revised. The group is restricted to New Guinea and some small neighboring islands. It contains four previously described species: E. coelestinus Pascoe, E. ruficornis Voss, E. tibialis Voss, and E. violaceus Pascoe, and 14 new species: Euops arfakensis sp. n., E. biru sp. n., E. coeruleus sp. n., E. curvipes sp. n., E. illegalovi sp. n., E. judithae sp. n., E. oops sp. n., E. paratibialis sp. n., E. piceus sp. n., E. dintelmanni sp. n., E. ratcliffei sp. n., E. swartensis sp. n., E. tenuiflagellaris sp. n. and Euops torricelliensis sp. n.. Euops ruficornis Voss, formerly a subspecies of E. femoralis Voss, is recognized as a distinct species without any close relationship to E. femoralis Voss. Lectotypes are designated for E. coelestinus Pascoe, E. ruficornis Voss, E. tibialis Voss, and E. violaceus Pascoe. All species are described, and the characters relevant for their identification, especially the male genitalia, are illustrated. A key to the species is provided. A cladistic analysis is performed that confirms the monophyly of Metaeuops. The most important apomorphy of the group is a pair of sclerites in the mid portion of the male endophallus. Two additional characters imply secondary reduction in a few species: the subtriangular mesotibia of the males and a siphon-like extension of the female spermatheca. The original description of Metaeuops by Legalov contained contradictions between the diagnostic characters proposed and the characters present in the type species. Therefore, the concept of the genus is here modified.

Crossing Multiple Borders: “The Manyema” in Colonial East Central Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 299-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Zöller
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
East Central ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Eastern Congo ◽  
Area Of Origin

Abstract:“The Manyema” are people who have roots in what is today known as eastern Congo and who moved towards the East African coast – and often back – since the time when their area of origin was under African-Arab domination. In separated East and Central African historiographies, the Manyema received only marginal attention so far. Tracing this highly mobile group across East and Central Africa discloses how Manyema actors, in relation to colonial and postcolonial contexts, have negotiated their mobility and identity across East and Central Africa as a single space.

Bibliography of Primary Sources of the Pre-Nineteenth Century East African Coast

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 393-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Pouwels
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Supplementary List

The following bibliography is intended to supplement the excellent one (largely) of secondary sources compiled by Thomas Spear and published inHistory in Africa27(2000). Research for a forthcoming monograph on the East African coast in the ‘middle’ period has taken me in recent years into a number of libraries and archives in India, East Africa, and Europe. There I have been able to build an extensive listing of source material and oral informants interviewed in East Africa. While this compilation includes many of the titles in Spear's list, study carried out in Goa and Lisbon afforded me the opportunity of viewing primary sources not included in Spear's collection. Despite the fact that this is still a work in progress, I submit this supplementary list hoping it might prove useful to other scholars interested in East Africa and the western Indian in the pre- and early-modern period.Readers also will note that I have included some secondary listings not included in Spear's bibliography. This is due to the fact that my ideas concerning what is relevant to coastal history appear to be somewhat broader than Spear's. Consequently, this list includes some titles on southern and central Africa, as well as of coastal literature, which I have found to be useful and apposite to coastal studies. Naturally, I have tried not to duplicate titles found in Spear's list.

Systematics of Manobiina with cladistic analysis based on morphological data (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-92
Author(s):  
Konstantin Nadein*
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Rovno Amber ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Combination

The composition of the subtribe Manobiina Bechyné et Bechyné, 1975 is reconsidered based on cladistic analysis of morphological characters. The following genera are retained: Alema Sharp, 1876, Analema Samuelson, 1973, Eudoliamorpha Scherer, 1989, Exoceras Jacoby, 1891, Leptophysa Baly, 1877, Lipromela Chen, 1933, Lipromima Heikertinger, 1924, Lipromorpha Chûjô et Kimoto, 1960, Liprus Motschulsky, 1860, Manobia Jacoby, 1885, Pseudoliprus Chûjô et Kimoto, 1960, and Taiwanoliprus Komiya, 2006. A description of the subtribe Manobiina, diagnosis and key to genera are given. A morphological analysis of the genera attributed to the subtribe is provided and discussed. A possible fossil representative of Manobiina is recorded from Late Eocene of Rovno amber. A new combination is proposed: Leptophysa trinitatis (Bryant, 1927) = Exoceras trinitatis (Bryant, 1927) comb.n. The lectotype of Liprus punctatostriatus Motschulsky, 1860 is designated.

Echinoderm phylogeny: how congruent are morphological and molecular estimates?

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 337-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Single Data

Single data sets, whether derived from morphological or molecular evidence, provide one-off estimates of the correct phylogeny. Their reliability can only be gauged by statistical approaches such as bootstrapping or clade decay, but these test only whether there are sufficient characters in the data matrix to justify the groupings identified. They do not test whether the characters themselves are reliable. Consequently, confidence in the correctness of phylogenetic interpretations comes primarily from discovering the same (or statistically indistinguishable) patterns from independent data sets.Congruence studies are most advanced for echinoids, where four independent data sets (two morphological and two molecular) provide strong corroboration for a single phylogenetic scheme. Analysis of all four data sets combined generates a highly robust hypothesis of relationships. The situation is very different for asteroids. Two analyses based on morphological data have reached very different conclusions. Three independent molecular data sets also have been compiled, but none has a statistically reliable signal concerning higher taxon relationships. Even combining all three molecular data sets fails to generate a statistically robust solution, implying that the major lines of asteroids diverged rapidly from one another. For ophiuroids, both morphological and molecular data generate topologies that for the most part lack statistical robustness. There is currently no cladistic analysis of holothurian relationships based on morphological data, and only a few taxa have been sequenced. The molecular data is, however, congruent and does permit an initial assessment of relationships. Nothing definite can be deduced about crinoid relationships since even fewer molecular sequences are known and morphological analysis remains sketchy.Class-level relationships derived from two morphological and two molecular data sets also show considerable congruence, though a single definitive solution has yet to emerge.

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