Phylogenetic studies in Smallanthus (Millerieae, Asteraceae): a contribution from morphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Soledad Vitali ◽  
Jessica Noelia Viera Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Qualitative Characters

We present a cladistic analysis of all the species of Smallanthus. Six taxa within Rumfordia, Ichthyothere, Acanthospermum and Tridax served as outgroups. We evaluated the monophyly and the relationships between the species of Smallanthus through a maximum parsimony study based on morphological data. The matrix included 31 qualitative characters from floral and vegetative parts of the specimens. We also explored the phylogenetic significance of treating quantitative characters as continuous. Only one most parsimonious tree was obtained. In agreement with previous phylogenetic studies based on molecular data, we recovered a monophyletic Smallanthus. The presence of ray corollas, densely pubescent at the base, was the synapomorphy that defined Smallanthus. Smallanthus microcephalus and two other major clades were recovered. The first clade included S. glabratus, S. fruticosus, S. jelskii and S. pyramidalis, while the second one contained the remaining species of Smallanthus. The analysis recovered one species of Rumfordia as sister to Smallanthus. We present a new combination, Smallanthus cocuyensis, based on morphological analysis of the type specimen.

Alpha-taxonomy and phylogeny of African Junoniini butterflies based on morphological data, with an emphasis on genitalia, and COI barcode (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4991 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-433
Author(s):  
TOMASZ W. PYRCZ ◽  
KLAUDIA FLORCZYK ◽  
STEVE COLLINS ◽  
SZABOLCS SÁFIÁN ◽  
OSCAR MAHECHA-J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Afrotropical Region ◽  
Close Relationship

The tribe Junoniini is a predominantly Paleotropical group of the cosmopolitan butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae (Nymphalidae), with highest diversity in the Afrotropical region. Its systematics and relationships are not entirely resolved. Question marks remain concerning the validity of some genera; and the apparently close relationship between the Indo-Australian genus Yoma and the Afrotropical Protogoniomorpha, as evidenced by molecular phylogenies, remains a puzzle. Here, we present a cladistic analysis, based on 42 characters of the male and female genitalia of 41 species of Junoniini belonging to six genera, nearly all of them continental Afrotropical, and 3 species of two Indo-Australian genera Yoma and Rhinopalpa. A ML COI-based tree is produced for 36 species of Afrotropical Junoniini and Yoma. The molecular data are consistent with previous studies. However, morphological analysis does not confirm a close relationship between Protogoniomorpha and Yoma. Despite the evolution of a number of modifications, the male genitalia within all genera and species of the Junoniini share a cohesive build plan, in particular a transformed sacculus, from which Yoma is highly divergent. The position of the genus Kamilla, previously synonymized with Junonia, is discussed. Three East African coast taxa, Junonia elgiva stat. reinst., Protogoniomorpha nebulosa stat. reinst. and Salamis amaniensis stat. reinst., and one from central Africa, Precis silvicola stat. reinst. are raised to species level, based on comparative analysis of their male genitalia.  

Systematics of Manobiina with cladistic analysis based on morphological data (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini)

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-92
Author(s):  
Konstantin Nadein*
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Rovno Amber ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Combination

The composition of the subtribe Manobiina Bechyné et Bechyné, 1975 is reconsidered based on cladistic analysis of morphological characters. The following genera are retained: Alema Sharp, 1876, Analema Samuelson, 1973, Eudoliamorpha Scherer, 1989, Exoceras Jacoby, 1891, Leptophysa Baly, 1877, Lipromela Chen, 1933, Lipromima Heikertinger, 1924, Lipromorpha Chûjô et Kimoto, 1960, Liprus Motschulsky, 1860, Manobia Jacoby, 1885, Pseudoliprus Chûjô et Kimoto, 1960, and Taiwanoliprus Komiya, 2006. A description of the subtribe Manobiina, diagnosis and key to genera are given. A morphological analysis of the genera attributed to the subtribe is provided and discussed. A possible fossil representative of Manobiina is recorded from Late Eocene of Rovno amber. A new combination is proposed: Leptophysa trinitatis (Bryant, 1927) = Exoceras trinitatis (Bryant, 1927) comb.n. The lectotype of Liprus punctatostriatus Motschulsky, 1860 is designated.

scholarly journals The phylogenetic conundrum of Lutzia (Diptera: Culicidae: Culicini): a cautionary account of conflict and support

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Kitching ◽  
C. Lorna Culverwell ◽  
Ralph E. Harbach
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Data Support

Lutzia Theobald was reduced to a subgenus of Culex in 1932 and was treated as such until it was restored to its original generic status in 2003, based mainly on modifications of the larvae for predation. Previous phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular data have provided conflicting support for the generic status of Lutzia: analyses of morphological data support the generic status whereas analyses based on DNA sequences do not. Our previous phylogenetic analyses of Culicini (based on 169 morphological characters and 86 species representing the four genera and 26 subgenera of Culicini, most informal group taxa of subgenus Culex and five outgroup species from other tribes) seemed to indicate a conflict between adult and larval morphological data. Hence, we conducted a series of comparative and data exclusion analyses to determine whether the alternative positions of Lutzia are due to conflicting signal or to a lack of strong signal. We found that separate and combined analyses of adult and larval data support different patterns of relationships between Lutzia and other Culicini. However, the majority of conflicting clades are poorly supported and once these are removed from consideration, most of the topological disparity disappears, along with much of the resolution, suggesting that morphology alone does not have sufficiently strong signal to resolve the position of Lutzia. We critically examine the results of other phylogenetic studies of culicinine relationships and conclude that no morphological or molecular data set analysed in any study conducted to date has adequate signal to place Lutzia unequivocally with regard to other taxa in Culicini. Phylogenetic relationships observed thus far suggest that Lutzia is placed within Culex but further data and extended taxon sampling are required to confirm its position relative to Culex.

Phylogenetic relationship of some Onobrychis taxa naturally grown in Turkey based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman AVCI ◽  
Nilgün Tekin ◽  
Cengiz SANCAK ◽  
Sebahattin ÖZCAN ◽  
Amir Orojpour Marangi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Relationship Of

Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on morphology and nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcript spacer (nrDNA ITS) sequences in 49 populations of 36 Onobrychis taxa belonging to 5 sections (Dendobrychis, Lophobrychis, Onobrychis, Heliobrychis and Hymenobrychis) naturally grown in Turkey. The morphological data (46 quantitative characters) were standardized and submitted for PCA analysis before the performance of hierarchical clustering analysis. In addition, a 577-bp region of the nrDNA ITS sequences was compared to generate a dendrogram using the neighbor-joining method. According to the obtained results, the Onobrychis genus is clearly divided into the Onobrychis and Sisyrosema subgenera both molecularly and morphologically; however, in terms of molecular data, while the Onobrychis subgenus showed polyphyletic features, the Sisyrosema subgenus had monophyletic features. Additionally, long-wing taxa belonging to Dendobrychis and Onobrychis and O. crista-galli belonging to Lophobrychis located in the same clade in Onobrychis showed polyphyletic features. This finding was confirmed in terms of long-wing taxa as well as morphology and indicated that these three sections were entangled with each other under the Onobrychis subgenus.

Revision of the South American genus Parorphula (Orthoptera: Acrididae; Hyalopterygini) with the description of a new genus

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
Mariano Donato
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Creation

AbstractIn this study Parorphula is re-described based on characters from the external morphology and genitalia. This genus comprised two species: P. pallidinota and P. latipennis, that were described based mostly on characters from external morphology. The morphological analysis conducted in this study plus the support of results from a cladistic analysis showed that external morphological characters justify the creation of a new genus for P. latipennis. Therefore, the genus Neorphula is proposed and the new combination is established.

scholarly journals The tribe Scrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A Review of Phylogenetic Studies

Hacquetia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrshid Riahi ◽  
Farrokh Ghahremaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Hybrid Speciation ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Reports

Abstract Molecular data have been increasingly used to study the phylogenetic relationships among many taxa, including scrophs. Sometimes they have provided phylogenetic reconstructions that are in conflict with morphological data leading to a re-evaluation of long-standing evolutionary hypotheses. In this paper, we review reports of the recent knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Scrophularieae (2011–2017). The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Species of Scrophularia have undergone one or more Miocene migration events occurred from eastern Asia to the North America with subsequent long dispersal and diversification in three main directions. (2) Allopolyploid and aneuploid hybrid speciation between Scrophularia species can occur, so hybridization and polyploidy have an important role for history of diversification. (3) The ancestral staminode type for the genus Scrophularia seems to be a large staminode. (4) Monophyly of the genus Verbascum with respect to the genus Scrophularia is strongly supported. (5) Oreosolen, is not monophyletic, because all accessions of Oreosolen were nested within Scrophularia. We discuss methods of data collection and analysis, and we describe the areas of conflict and agreement between molecular phylogenies.

scholarly journals Are molecular data supplanting morphological data in modern phylogenetic studies?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
SETH M. BYBEE ◽  
JENNIFER M. ZASPEL ◽  
KYLE A. BEUCKE ◽  
CLARE H. SCOTT ◽  
BRADLEY W. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

scholarly journals Viator vitreocola gen. et sp. nov. (Stylonematophyceae), a new red alga on drift glass debris in Oregon and Washington, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
GI Hansen ◽  
JA West ◽  
HS Yoon ◽  
CD Goodman ◽  
SLD Goër ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Binary Division

© 2019 The Korean Society of Phycology. A new encrusting red alga was found growing abundantly on glass debris items that drifted ashore along the coasts of Oregon and Washington. These included discarded fluorescent tubes, incandescent light bulbs, capped liquor bottles, and ball-shaped fishing-net floats. Field collections and unialgal cultures of the alga revealed that it consisted of two morphological phases: a young loosely aggregated turf and a mature consolidated mucilaginous crust. The turf phase consisted of a basal layer of globose cells that produced erect, rarely branched, uniseriate to multiseriate filaments up to 500 µm long with closely spaced cells lacking pit-plugs. These filaments expanded in size from their bases to their tips and released single cells as spores. At maturity, a second phase of growth occurred that produced a consolidated crust, up to 370 µm thick. It consisted of a basal layer of small, tightly appressed ellipsoidal-to-elongate cells that generated a mucilaginous perithallial matrix containing a second type of filament with irregularly spaced cells often undergoing binary division. At the matrix surface, the original filaments continued to grow and release spores but often also eroded. Individual cells, examined using confocal microscopy and SYBR Green staining, were found to contain a central nucleus, a single highly lobed peripheral chloroplast without a pyrenoid, and numerous chloroplast nucleoids. Morphological data from field and culture isolates and molecular data (rbcL, psbA, and SSU) show that this alga is a new genus and species which we name Viator vitreocola, “a traveller on glass.”

DNA sequence data and morphology defineCryphonectriaspecies in Europe, China, and Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1730-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Myburg ◽  
Marieka Gryzenhout ◽  
Brenda D Wingfield ◽  
Michael G Milgroom ◽  
Shigeru Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
China And Japan

Cryphonectria includes important tree pathogens as well as species believed to be saprophytes. Recent phylogenetic studies have concentrated on North American and southern hemisphere Cryphonectria spp., but little is known about Asian and European taxa. In this study we identify and differentiate among the species occurring in Europe, China, and Japan using morphological and phylogenetic comparisons among the Cryphonectria species. Phylogenetic comparisons were based on sequence data from the ribosomal ITS operon and two regions in the β-tubulin gene. Unknown Japanese and Chinese isolates showing different cultural features than those of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr from Japan and the USA, grouped with isolates of Cryphonectria nitschkei (G.H. Otth) M.E. Barr from Quercus spp. and Rhus javanica L. Isolates of Cryphonectria havanensis (Bruner) M.E. Barr from Quercus grosseserrata Blume, Castanopsis cuspidata Schottky, Pyrus sinensis Lindl., and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. also grouped in this phylogenetic clade. We propose that Cryphonectria nitschkei and the fungus that has been referred to as Cryphonectria havanensis in Japan should be treated as a single taxon. Phylogenetic and morphological data also suggest that there are two species currently representing Cryphonectria radicalis (Schwein.: Fr.) M.E. Barr in Europe. One of these species is similar to the type specimen of Cryphonectria radicalis, while the other species probably is new.Key words: Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryphonectria radicalis, Cryphonectria havanensis, Cryphonectria macrospora, Cryphonectria nitschkei, Diaporthales.

Further phylogenetic studies of the Polychaeta using 18S rDNA sequence data

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Hall ◽  
Pat A. Hutchings ◽  
Donald J. Colgan
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
18S Rdna Sequence

The integration of molecular and morphological approaches has produced substantial progress in understanding the higher classification of most major invertebrate groups. The striking exception to this is the Polychaeta. Neither the membership nor the higher classification of this group has been robustly established. Major inconsistencies exist between the only comprehensive cladistic analysis of Polychaeta using morphological data and the DNA sequence studies covering all or part of the taxon.We have compiled a dataset of available nearly complete 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and collected an additional 22 sequences (20 Polychaeta in 19 taxa, one Myzostomida and one Phoronida) to obtain more comprehensive coverage of polychaete diversity for this gene. Analyses of the data do not resolve all inconsistencies among current hypotheses of polychaete phylogeny. They do support the recognition (in whole or part) of some clades such as the Eunicida, Phyllodocida and Terebellida that have been proposed on morphological grounds. Our analyses contradict the Canalipalpata and the Scolecida. Although the polychaete sister-group to the Clitellata is not clearly resolved in our analyses, the clitellates are always recovered as a derived clade within the Polychaeta. Increased taxon sampling is required to elucidate further the phylogeny of the Polychaeta.

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