scholarly journals Case Study of a Clean Energy Solution by Employing the Distributed Energy Sources Based on Perovskite Solar Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Zhihao Li ◽  
Kuan Way Chee ◽  
Zhenhai Yang ◽  
Jiapeng Su ◽  
Anjun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Solution ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Distributed Energy

A Framework for the Development of Technical Requirements for Renewable Energy Systems at a Small-Scale Airport Facility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy V. Nguyen ◽  
Aldo Fabregas Ariza ◽  
Nicholas W. Miller ◽  
Ismael Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Target System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Technical Requirements

Airports are key components of the global transportation system and are the subject of continuous sustainability improvements. Promoting clean energy sources and energy-efficient practices can help attain major sustainability goals at airports around the world. Although small airports are greater in number, most of the “sustainability” attention has been given to large airports. Small airports are typically located in rural areas, making them excellent candidates for renewable energy. This paper focuses on the planning and selection of renewable energy systems as a strategic method to reduce energy use and increase electric power reliability at small-scale airport facilities. The target system may use a combination of renewable energy sources to produce electrical power for the on-site facilities. The framework details include methods of energy collection, power production, and energy storage that are environmentally sound. A small airport serving a dual role as a flight training facility was used as case study. In the case study, systems engineering methodology was adapted to the small airport/ renewable energy domain in order to effectively identify stakeholders and elicit user requirements. These, coupled with industrial standards, relevant government regulations, and a priori constraints, are used to derive the initial requirements that serve as the basis for a preliminary design. The proposed framework also contains provisions for an on-site assessment of existing airport energy needs, sources, providers, and location-specific assets and challenges.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Compact Electron Transport Layer Modification for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Shoko Fukaya ◽  
Ersan Y. Muslih ◽  
Liangle Wang ◽  
Masahiro Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perovskite Layer ◽  
And Performance

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have appeared as a promising design for next-generation thin-film photovoltaics because of their cost-efficient fabrication processes and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, PSCs containing a metal oxide compact layer (CL) suffer from poor long-term stability and performance. The quality of the underlying substrate strongly influences the growth of the perovskite layer. In turn, the perovskite film quality directly affects the efficiency and stability of the resultant PSCs. Thus, substrate modification with metal oxide CLs to produce highly efficient and stable PSCs has drawn attention. In this review, metal oxide-based electron transport layers (ETLs) used in PSCs and their systemic modification are reviewed. The roles of ETLs in the design and fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs are also discussed. This review will guide the further development of perovskite films with larger grains, higher crystallinity, and more homogeneous morphology, which correlate to higher stable PSC performance. The challenges and future research directions for PSCs containing compact ETLs are also described with the goal of improving their sustainability to reach new heights of clean energy production.

Electron Transport Materials: Evolution and Case Study for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Solar RRL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 2000136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mourtada Elseman ◽  
Cunyun Xu ◽  
Yanging Yao ◽  
Mbeng Elisabeth ◽  
Lianbin Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Penetration in Distribution Network: A Swedish Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninnerby ◽  
Bergerland ◽  
Lazarou ◽  
Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
High Penetration

This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. The EnergyPLAN software is used. The purpose is to examine the demands in order to cope with the needs that may arise and to create a better understanding of how renewable energy affects the power balance and future investments in the case of a typical Swedish distribution system. The importance of this research is mainly based on the fact that it represents a real network, as it operates today, which is analyzed using the expected electric vehicle penetration. The aim is to investigate the expansion needs for maintaining the current quality for service despite the addition of new loads. In addition, the regional and national special regulatory and operational requirements are taken into account and described in this work.

scholarly journals Impedance analysis of perovskite solar cells: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 12191-12200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Contreras-Bernal ◽  
Susana Ramos-Terrón ◽  
Antonio Riquelme ◽  
Pablo P Boix ◽  
Jesús Idígoras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Metal Halide ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Halide Perovskites

Metal halide perovskites are mixed electronic–ionic semiconductors with an extraordinarily rich optoelectronic behavior and the capability to function very efficiently as active layers in solar cells, with a record efficiency surpassing 23% nowadays.

scholarly journals Nanometric Chemical Analysis of Beam‐Sensitive Materials: A Case Study of STEM‐EDX on Perovskite Solar Cells

Small Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 2000835
Author(s):  
Felix Utama Kosasih ◽  
Stefania Cacovich ◽  
Giorgio Divitini ◽  
Caterina Ducati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells

Bilayer Low-Temperature-Processed Metal Oxides as Electron Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 18% Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-768
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Zuo ◽  
Chunguo Yue ◽  
Xun Qiao ◽  
Dongrong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Energy Devices

Solar cells which can generate electricity from absorbing sunlight is one of the most promising clean energy devices nowadays. During the last decade, a new type solar cell named metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) has undergo a tremendous development and now becoming a superstar in photovoltaic field. However, most of the high-efficiency PSC is made based on a high-temperature-processed (over 500 °C) TiO2 electron transporting materials (ETM), which hinders the further commercialization of this technology. Therefore, developing a low-temperature-processed ETM to replace the current TiO2 is urgently required in the PSC research field. In this work, the low-temperature-processed ZnO layer has been used as ETM first. It is found that the perovskite film spin-coated on the ZnO layer is not totally converted to perovskite with a little amount of residue PbI2, which is bad for PSCs. To solve this problem, we employed a ZnO/SnO2 bilayer as ETM to enhance the contact between ETM and perovskite film. It is clearly observed that the formation of perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM is feasible and no PbI2 remining in the perovskite film after thermal annealing, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. We further conduct Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) measurements of the films. The AFM images of CH3NH3PbI3 films deposited on ZnO and ZnO/SnO2 show that perovskite film is smoother on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM. Furthermore, it is found that the PSC based on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM shows a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.0% compared to the 14.9% obtained in the control device based on pristine ZnO ETM. The enhancement of device performance with ZnO/SnO2 bilayer device is due to the improvement of device photovoltaic parameters. It is found that the fill factor of the target device with ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM is 80.7%, significantly improved from 69.2% of the control device based on pristine ZnO layer. This can be ascribed to the efficient charge extraction ability of ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM as demonstrated by the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CH3NH3PbI3 spin coated on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer. The PL signal of perovskite on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer has an obvious blue shift, indicating that the perovskite on ZnO/SnO2 bilayer has less defects compared to perovskite in ZnO layer. Finally, by using the ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM, we successfully fabricated a large-area PSC with an active area of 1.2 cm2, exhibiting a PCE of 9.3%. Our results show a great potential of the ZnO/SnO2 bilayer ETM for both PSC and other optoelectronic devices.

scholarly journals 3,6-Carbazole vs 2,7-carbazole: A comparative study of hole-transporting polymeric materials for inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1401-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Munechika Otsuka ◽  
Takehito Kato ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Takehiko Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Stille Polycondensation

The ever increasing demand for clean energy has encouraged researchers to intensively investigate environmentally friendly photovoltaic devices. Inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are very promising due to their potentials of easy fabrication processes and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Designing hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is one of the key factors in achieving the high PCEs of PSCs. We now report the synthesis of two types of carbazole-based polymers, namely 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT, by Stille polycondensation. Despite the same chemical composition, 3,6-Cbz-EDOT and 2,7-Cbz-EDOT displayed different optical and electrochemical properties due to the different connectivity mode of the carbazole unit. Therefore, their performances as hole-transporting polymeric materials in the PSCs were also different. The device based on 2,7-Cbz-EDOT showed better photovoltaic properties with the PCE of 4.47% than that based on 3,6-Cbz-EDOT. This could be due to its more suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and higher hole mobility.

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