Increased levels of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with systemic sclerosis contribute to fibroblast mitogenic activity in vitro.

Objective. The aim of study was to investigate a chemotactic effect of induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on blood neutrophils in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy individuals. Material and methods. Forty-three smokers with COPD, 19 ex-smokers with COPD, 13 healthy smokers, and 17 healthy nonsmokers were recruited to the study. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of study individuals. For the same experimental conditions, pooled induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 20 COPD patients were used. Neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was performed in cell-transmigration chamber. Substances tested for chemoattraction (interleukin-8, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid directly or in addition to interleukin-8) were added to lower wells. Upper wells were filled with 2.5×106/mL of neutrophil culture and incubated for 2 hours. Migration was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results. Interleukin-8 (10–100 ng/mL) induced a dose-dependant neutrophil migration in all the groups. Only 100 ng/L of interleukin-8 induced more intensive chemotaxis of neutrophils from COPD smokers as compared to ex-smokers (P<0.05). Such difference between healthy individuals was obtained using 30 ng/mL of interleukin-8 (P<0.05). Induced sputum/interleukin-8 (10–100 ng/mL), as well as induced sputum directly, induced neutrophil migration (P<0.05). Chemotaxis of neutrophils isolated from COPD patients and healthy nonsmokers did not depend on additional interleukin-8 concentration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid/interleukin-8 (30–100 ng/mL) induced more intensive migration of neutrophils from COPD patients than bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P<0.05) alone. Conclusions. Migration of neutrophils isolated from patients with COPD was more intensive compared to healthy individuals. Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid directly and with addition of interleukin-8 stimulated chemotaxis, and it was higher in neutrophils from COPD patients. Migration of neutrophils did not depend on smoking status.

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In vitro response of lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood to mitogen stimulation during natural maedi-visna virus infection

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology ◽

10.1016/0165-2427(95)05450-k ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 49 (1-2) ◽

pp. 75-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Isabel Begara ◽

Luis Luján ◽

David D.S. Collie ◽

Hugh R.P. Miller ◽

Neil J. Watt

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Mitogen Stimulation ◽

Visna Virus ◽

In Vitro Response ◽

Maedi Visna Virus

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Cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with systemic sclerosis

Arthritis & Rheumatism ◽

10.1002/art.1780400422 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 743-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Marcy B. Bolster ◽

Anna Ludwicka ◽

Susan E. Sutherland ◽

Charlie Strange ◽

Richard M. Silver

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Lavage Fluid

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De Novo Assembly of the Pneumocystis jirovecii Genome from a Single Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Specimen from a Patient

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00428-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Ousmane H. Cissé ◽

Marco Pagni ◽

Philippe M. Hauser

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

De Novo ◽

Gc Content ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

New Drugs ◽

Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACTPneumocystis jiroveciiis a fungus that causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. However, its study is hindered by the lack of anin vitroculture method. We report here the genome ofP. jiroveciithat was obtained from a single bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen from a patient. The major challenge was thein silicosorting of the reads from a mixture representing the different organisms of the lung microbiome. This genome lacks virulence factors and most amino acid biosynthesis enzymes and presents reduced GC content and size. Together with epidemiological observations, these features suggest thatP. jiroveciiis an obligate parasite specialized in the colonization of human lungs, which causes disease only in immune-deficient individuals. This genome sequence will boost research on this deadly pathogen.IMPORTANCEPneumocystispneumonia is a major cause of mortality in patients with impaired immune systems. The availability of theP. jiroveciigenome sequence allows new analyses to be performed which open avenues to solve critical issues for this deadly human disease. The most important ones are (i) identification of nutritional supplements for development of culturein vitro, which is still lacking 100 years after discovery of the pathogen; (ii) identification of new targets for development of new drugs, given the paucity of present treatments and emerging resistance; and (iii) identification of targets for development of vaccines.

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Effects of Roflumilast, Selective PDE4 Inhibitor, on Airway Reactivity in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pigs

Acta Medica Martiniana ◽

10.1515/acm-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Nirmathan Tharmalingam ◽

I. Medvedova ◽

A. Eichlerova ◽

M. Prso ◽

D. Mokra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Whole Body ◽

Pde4 Inhibitor ◽

Airway Reactivity

Abstract Background: Roflumilast as a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor has shown to increase lung functions and decrease the number of exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease. In this study, its ability to decrease the airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of eosinophil inflammation was evaluated. Methods: Healthy adult male guinea pigs were divided into groups as follows: the first group was considered as a healthy control group (without sensitization and therapy), animals in the second group were sensitized with ovalbumin, but left without further treatment, and the animals in the third group were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with roflumilast perorally for 7 consecutive days. In vivo airway reactivity was evaluated using double-chamber whole body plethysmograph and measuring the specific airway resistance after nebulization of histamine aerosol. In vitro experiments were performed with tissue strips of trachea and lungs in organ bath, where their contractile responses to cumulative doses of acetylcholine and histamine were registered. The numbers of inflammatory cells in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured using standard staining. Results: Guinea pigs with roflumilast treatment showed decreased in vivo and in vitro airway reactivity associated with suppressed recruitment of inflammatory cells (especially eosinophils) in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion: Roflumilast has demonstrated the therapeutic potential in the model of ovalbumin induced eosinophil inflammation typically present in patients with bronchial asthma.

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