Methane Production from Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin During Anaerobic Digestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Caiyan Liu ◽  
Baocheng Wei ◽  
Zhuangqiang Dai ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Guangqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Energy Plants

Due to an approaching energy crisis, new energy sources with low pollution and high energy density are being urgently sought. Energy plants, as a new option, were widely studied and considered. In this work, the characteristics and biomethane production performance of giant grasses (Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin) with different harvest times were studied. The results implied that the solid content and lignin content in giant grasses both increased with growth time. The anaerobic digestion (AD) of giant grasses harvested in December initiated faster. Cumulative methane yield of the giant grass harvested in July was higher, reaching 267.9 mL/gVS at an organic loading of 15 gVS/L. A first-order model and a modified Gompertz model were used to fit and evaluate the AD process of these two giant grasses, and the results showed that both models can describe the process well. The results of this study indicated that the harvest time of the giant grass had a large impact on the biomethane production, which also provided a theoretical basis for the future utilization of giant grass and other energy plants.

scholarly journals Co-Digestion of Salix and Manure for Biogas: Importance of Clone Choice, Coppicing Frequency and Reactor Setup

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3804
Author(s):  
Jonas A. Ohlsson ◽  
Ann-Christin Rönnberg-Wästljung ◽  
Nils-Erik Nordh ◽  
Anna Schnürer
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Sequential Digestion

Animal manure represents a major source of renewable energy that can be converted into biogas using anaerobic digestion. In order to most efficiently utilize this resource, it can be co-digested with energy dense, high biomethanation potential feedstocks such as energy crops. However, such feedstocks typically require pretreatments which are not feasible for small-scale facilities. We investigated the use of single-stage and the sequential co-digestion of comminuted but otherwise non-pretreated Salix with animal manure, and further investigated the effects of coppicing frequency and clone choice on biomethanation potential and the area requirements for a typical Swedish farm-scale anaerobic digester using Salix and manure as feedstock. In comparison with conventional single-stage digestion, sequential digestion increased the volumetric and specific methane production by 57% to 577 NmL L−1 d−1 and 192 NmL (g volatile solids (VS))−1, respectively. Biomethanation potential was the highest for the two-year-old shoots, although gains in biomass productivity suggest that every-third-year coppicing may be a better strategy for supplying Salix feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The biomethane production performance of the sequential digestion of minimally pretreated Salix mirrors that of hydrothermally pretreated hardwoods and may provide an option where such pretreatments are not feasible.

scholarly journals The use of cobs, a by-product of maize grain, for energy production in anaerobic digestion

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Blandino ◽  
Claudio Fabbri ◽  
Mariangela Soldano ◽  
Carlo Ferrero ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
North West ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Cobs

Owing to the rising energy demand and the conflict between food, feed and energy crops for agricultural land, there is a growing need for alternative biomasses for energy purposes. New developments in harvesting technology have created the possibility of harvesting cobs as a by-product of maize grain harvesting. The aim of the present work has been to evaluate the potential and limitations of maize cob utilisation in an anaerobic digestion chain, considering the main agronomic, productive and qualitative traits. Maize grain and cob yields as well as the moisture content of samples collected from 1044 (farm) fields (located) in North West Italy have been determined over the 2012 growing season. Moreover, 27 representative fields were harvested using a modified combine-harvester that is able to collect maize grains and threshed cobs separately. The chemical composition and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the cobs have been analysed. The relative potential yield of maize cobs was established as 18.7% of the grain mass, while the wet cob yield recorded in the field after mechanical harvesting was 1.6 t ha<sup>–1</sup>. The total solid content was 60%. Fibre fractions represented over 85% of the dry cob matter, lignin content was about 16%, while the protein, ash, lipids and macro-elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) contents were very low compared to the whole-plant maize used for silage. The average BMP of wet threshed cob was 250±20 Nm<sup>3</sup> t VS<sup>–1</sup>. Collected data have underlined that maize cobs could be used as a sustainable feedstock for anaerobic digestion processes.

scholarly journals THERMO-PRETREATMENT ON BAMBOO BIOMASS WITH AMMONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4B) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Dai Hue Ngan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Bamboo Powder ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen ◽  
The One

Hydrogen is rising as one of potential fuel types to instead of petroleum and fossil energy in the future because of its high energy density and non-carbon exhaust. There are many processes for hydrogen production, but fermentative hydrogen production (FHP) from lignocellulosic biomass as rich-carbohydrate feedstocks is considered to be the one of the most effective methods. However, the yield of fermentable sugar could be strongly impacted by pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials.Thus, this work studied the effects of thermal-ammonia pretreatment method on bamboo powder at 125 oC, during in 30-90 minutes. The results showed that the maximum recovery of carbohydrate in solid were 554.21 mg/(1g bamboo powder), and the sugar conversion yield and sugar content in final solution were 9.07 % and 8.31 g/L, respectively. 94.2 % of lignin content in bamboo biomass could be removed. The maximum hydrogen accumulation reached 5.7 % of the gaseous mixtures after 48 h of fermentation. This study showed that hydrothermal technique could be an efficient way in order to disrupt the lignin structure of the biomass and increase the accessibility of other treatment agents to cellulose and hemicellulose.

Anaerobic digestion of tobacco stalk: biomethane production performance and kinetic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 14250-14258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyu Li ◽  
Ruolin Wang ◽  
Zhenlai Jiang ◽  
Wanwu Li ◽  
Guangqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Tobacco Stalk

Pilot-scale combustion studies with kraft lignin in a powder burner and a CFB boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽  
PER TOMANI ◽  
HASSAN SALMAN ◽  
SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽  
LARS-ERIK ÅMAND
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.

A HIGH ENERGY DENSITY ZINC/OXYGEN BATTERY SYSTEM

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CHODOSH ◽  
E. KATSOULIS ◽  
M. ROSANSKY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery System

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

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