Preparation of Bamboo-Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Modulated by FeCl3 towards Efficient Copper Adsorption

Using bamboo powder biochar as raw material, high-quality meso/microporous controlled hierarchical porous carbon was prepared—through the catalysis of Fe3+ ions loading, in addition to a chemical activation method—and then used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution. The preparation process mainly included two steps: load-alkali leaching and chemical activation. The porosity characteristics (specific surface area and mesopore ratio) were controlled by changing the K2CO3 impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and Fe3+ ions loading during the activation process. Additionally, three FBPC samples with different pore structures and characteristics were studied for copper adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption performance of the bamboo powder biochar FBPC material was greatly affected by the meso/micropore ratio. FBPC 2.5-900-2%, impregnated at a K2CO3: biochar ratio of 2.5 and a Fe3+: biochar mass ratio of 2%, and activated at 900 °C for 2 h in N2 atmosphere, has a very high specific surface area of 1996 m2 g−1 with a 58.1% mesoporous ratio. Moreover, it exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity of 256 mg g−1 and rapid adsorption kinetics for copper ions. The experimental results show that it is feasible to control the hierarchical pore structure of bamboo biochar-derived carbons as a high-performance adsorbent to remove copper ions from water.

Effects of Micronized Bamboo Powder on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, Cecal Chyme Microflora and Metabolism of Broilers Aged 1-22 Days

Necrotic enteritis is common in broilers, which makes negative effects on growth performance. Adding insoluble fiber to diet of broilers has been reported to improve intestinal health and promote growth performance. Bamboo powder is a cheap raw material with rich insoluble fiber. This study aims to explore the effects of feeding micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal microflora, and metabolism of broilers. A total of 1440 1-day-old ephedra chickens were randomly divided into three groups considering gender and body weight: (1) Group D: feeding with basal diet without antibiotics; (2) Group E: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 5% rice bran (RB); (3) Group F: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 1% MBP. Each group involved 8 replicates, with 60 chickens per replicate. After feeding for 22 days, various indexes were detected. For the growth performance, the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (G: F) of Group F supplemented with MBP is 0.57 ± 0.04, which is significantly higher than that of E group supplemented with RB (0.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). For the serum biochemical indexes, the glutathione peroxidase activity in Group F is significantly higher than that of in Group D, while the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of in Group D and Group E (P < 0.05 for all). The fresh cecal chyme is taken for determination. In Group F, the α diversity index Faith_pd is significantly lower in Group F than that of in Group D. The microorganism species in cecal chyme of Group F and Group E are also different. The metabolic pathways of Group F differ from those of Group D and Group E, mainly manifested in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal immune IgA production. Adding 1% MBP to broiler diet can enhance the anti-oxidant capacity, improve chyme microflora, regulate the metabolism pathways responsible for intestinal fatty acids, amino acids, and immunity.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF PARTICLE BOARDS BASED ON PALM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUITS AND BAMBOO POWDER WITH A MIXED ADHESIVE OF GAMBIR AND UREA FORMALDEHYDE

This test was carried out to reduce waste in coconut empty fruit bunches and to determine the characteristics and microstructure of the particle board surface. The samples used consisted of bamboo powder and oil palm empty fruit bunches with gambier adhesive and urea formaldehyde with variations including: 10%:75%:15%:11%; 20%:65%:15%:11%, 30%:55%:15%:11%, 40%:45%:10%:11%. The particleboard was printed and pressurized using a hot press of 16kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 120 oC, with a drying time of 14 days. The test parameters include: density, moisture content, thickness expansion, and microstructural analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) which refers to SNI 03-2105-2006. The characterization of particleboard produced in the density test is 0.66-0.74 g/cm3, the water content value is 2.4-6.9%, the thickness expansion value is 7.2-12%. Based on the percentage value of the density of the resulting particleboard is a medium density particleboard.

Potensi Serbuk Kayu Ulin dan Serbuk Bambu Sebagai Aplikasi Papan Partikel Ramah Lingkungan - Review

The wood and bamboo waste from the exploitation and industry are still not fully utilized where they are now being used as raw material for particleboard. The purpose of this narrative review is to find out the concept of particleboard, the mechanism of particleboard, and the potential for wood and bamboo powder in particleboard applications. The method of creating particleboard was using dehydrated sawdust and bamboo then pouring the powder with adhesive. In this narrative review, there are several types of adhesives which are Polyurethane Resin, Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF), Epoxy, Polystyrene Based Resin (PBR), and Unsaturated Polyester (UP). After molding powder and adhesive mixture, it was hot-pressed to make a particleboard product. Finally, the mixture was tested for the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard products based on Indonesian National Standard. The physical and mechanical properties are increases by particleboard with a proportion of 75%-100% teak wood (T. Grandis) and 25%-50% bamboo. It's known that ironwood has characteristics close to that of the teak species. Therefore, the ironwood and bamboo sawdust has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard. And the recommended method based on the type of adhesive used is UP.