Nano-Drug Delivery Systems: Possible End to the Rising Threats of Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2298-2318
Author(s):  
Bashir A. Sheikh ◽  
Basharat A. Bhat ◽  
Bader Alshehri ◽  
Rakeeb A. Mir ◽  
Wajahat R. Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the deadliest disease across the globe caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb invades host macrophages and other immune cells, modifies their lysosome trafficking proteins, prevents phagolysosomes formation, and inhibits the TNF receptor-dependent apoptosis in macrophages and monocytes. Tuberculosis (TB) killed 1.4 million people worldwide in the year 2019. Despite the advancements in tuberculosis (TB) treatments, multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a severe threat to human health. The complications are further compounded by the emergence of MDR/XDR strains and the failure of conventional drug regimens to eradicate the resistant bacterial strains. Thus, new therapeutic approaches aim to ensure cure without relapse, to prevent the occurrence of deaths and emergence of drug-resistant strains. In this context, this review article summarises the essential nanotechnology-related research outcomes in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), including drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Mtb. The novel anti-tuberculosis drug delivery systems are also being detailed. This article highlights recent advances in tuberculosis (TB) treatments, including the use of novel drug delivery technologies such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, nano-suspensions, nano-emulsion, niosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles for the delivery of anti-TB drugs and hence eradication and control of both drug-susceptible as well as drug-resistant strains of Mtb.

Strategies to improve insulin delivery through oral route: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Bhattacharya ◽  
Asha P. Johnson ◽  
Shailesh T. ◽  
Mohamed Rahamathulla ◽  
Gangadharappa H. V.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Insulin ◽  
Subcutaneous Route

: Diabetes mellitus is found to be among the most suffered and lethal diseases for mankind. Diabetes mellitus type-1 is caused by the demolition of pancreatic islets responsible for the secretion of insulin. Insulin is the peptide hormone (anabolic] that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Upon the breakdown of the natural process of metabolism, the condition leads to hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels]. Hyperglycemia demands outsourcing of insulin. The subcutaneous route was found to be the most stable route of insulin administration but faces patient compliance problems. Oral Insulin delivery systems are the patient-centered and innovative novel drug delivery system, eliminating the pain caused by the subcutaneous route of administration. Insulin comes in contact across various barriers in the gastrointestinal tract, which has been discussed in detail in this review. The review describes about the different bioengineered formulations, including microcarriers, nanocarriers, Self-Microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDs), Self-Nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDs), polymeric micelles, cochleates, etc. Surface modification of the carriers is also possible by developing ligand anchored bioconjugates. A study on evaluation has shown that the carrier systems facilitate drug encapsulation without tampering the properties of insulin. Carrier-mediated transport by the use of natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers have shown efficient results in drug delivery by protecting insulin from harmful environment. This makes the formulation readily acceptable for a variety of populations. The present review focuses on the properties, barriers present in the GI tract, overcome the barriers, strategies to formulate oral insulin formulation by enhancing the stability and bioavailability of insulin.

Polymeric micelles as drug delivery systems in cancer: challenges and opportunities

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Tweetable abstract Micelles are nanocarriers for hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs. This editorial discusses the current status of preclinical micellar research and sheds light on the possibility of their clinical translation.

scholarly journals Improvements in Topical Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Hydrogels and Contact Lenses

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Figueiras ◽  
Francisco Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ocular Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Conventional ophthalmic systems present very low corneal systemic bioavailability due to the nasolacrimal drainage and the difficulty to deliver the drug in the posterior segment of ocular tissue. For these reasons, recent advances have focused on the development of new ophthalmic drug delivery systems. This review provides an insight into the various constraints associated with ocular drug delivery, summarizes recent findings in soft contact lenses (SCL) and the applications of novel pharmaceutical systems for ocular drug delivery. Among the new therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology, SCL are novel continuous-delivery systems, providing high and sustained levels of drugs to the cornea. The tendency of research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems development are directed towards a combination of several technologies (bio-inspired and molecular imprinting techniques) and materials (cyclodextrins, surfactants, specific monomers). There is a tendency to develop systems which not only prolong the contact time of the vehicle at the ocular surface, but also at the same time slow down the clearance of the drug. Different materials can be applied during the development of contact lenses and can be combined with natural inspired strategies of drug immobilization and release, providing successful tools for ocular drug delivery systems. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery Systems Based on Polymeric Micelles and Ultrasound: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 2796-2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafeeq Tanbour ◽  
Ana M. Martins ◽  
William G. Pitt ◽  
Ghaleb A. Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Direct Quantification of Drug Loading Content in Polymeric Nanoparticles by Infrared Spectroscopy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Guzmán Carissimi ◽  
Mercedes G. Montalbán ◽  
Gloria Víllora ◽  
Andreas Barth
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Recovery Method

Nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel therapeutic strategies such as targeted nanodrug delivery systems, control and stimulus-responsive release mechanisms, and the production of theranostic agents. As a prerequisite for the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, the amount of loaded drug must be precisely quantified, a task for which two approaches are currently used. However, both approaches suffer from the inefficiencies of drug extraction and of the solid-liquid separation process, as well as from dilution errors. This work describes a new, reliable, and simple method for direct drug quantification in polymeric nanoparticles using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which can be adapted for a wide variety of drug delivery systems. Silk fibroin nanoparticles and naringenin were used as model polymeric nanoparticle carrier and drug, respectively. The specificity, linearity, detection limit, precision, and accuracy of the spectroscopic approach were determined in order to validate the method. A good linear relation was observed within 0.00 to 7.89% of naringenin relative mass with an R2 of 0.973. The accuracy was determined by the spike and recovery method. The results showed an average 104% recovery. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the drug loading content were determined to be 0.3 and 1.0%, respectively. The method’s robustness is demonstrated by the notable similarities between the calibrations carried out using two different equipment setups at two different institutions.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Nanoparticle for Cornea Drug Delivery: Focus Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Mohammadmahdi Mobaraki ◽  
Madjid Soltani ◽  
Samaneh Zare Harofte ◽  
Elham L. Zoudani ◽  
Roshanak Daliri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Controllable Release ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Different Parts

During recent decades, researchers all around the world have focused on the characteristic pros and cons of the different drug delivery systems for cornea tissue change for sense organs. The delivery of various drugs for cornea tissue is one of the most attractive and challenging activities for researchers in biomaterials, pharmacology, and ophthalmology. This method is so important for cornea wound healing because of the controllable release rate and enhancement in drug bioavailability. It should be noted that the delivery of various kinds of drugs into the different parts of the eye, especially the cornea, is so difficult because of the unique anatomy and various barriers in the eye. Nanoparticles are investigated to improve drug delivery systems for corneal disease. Biodegradable nanocarriers for repeated corneal drug delivery is one of the most attractive and challenging methods for corneal drug delivery because they have shown acceptable ability for this purpose. On the other hand, by using these kinds of nanoparticles, a drug could reside in various part of the cornea for longer. In this review, we summarized all approaches for corneal drug delivery with emphasis on the biodegradable nanoparticles, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, microemulsions, nanosuspensions, and hydrogels. Moreover, we discuss the anatomy of the cornea at first and gene therapy at the end.

scholarly journals Nanoparticulate Antibiotic Systems as Antibacterial Agents and Antibiotic Delivery Platforms to Fight Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Antonio Vassallo ◽  
Maria Francesca Silletti ◽  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Luigi Milella
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Stealth Liposomes ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems ◽  
Antibiotic Delivery

Today’s human society, product of decades of progress in all fields of knowledge, would have been unimaginable without the discovery of antibiotics and more generally of antimicrobials. However, from the beginning, the scientific community was aware that microorganisms through various strategies were able to hinder and render vain antibiotic action. Common examples are the phenomena of persistence, tolerance, and resistance, up to the creation of the feared bacterial biofilms. Antibiotics are a precious but equally labile resource that must be preserved but at the same time reinforced to safeguard their effectiveness. Nanoparticulate systems such as nanobactericides, with their inherent antibacterial activity, and nanocarriers, which operate as drug delivery systems for conventional antibiotics, are innovative therapies made available by nanotechnology. Inorganic nanoparticles are effective both as nanobactericides (AgNPs, ZnONPs, and TiO2NPs) and as nanocarriers (AgNPs, AuNPs, ZnONPs, and TiO2NPs) against sensitive and multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains. Liposomes are among the most studied and flexible antibiotic delivery platforms: conventional liposomes allow passive targeting at the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS); “stealth” liposomes prevent macrophage uptake so as to eradicate infections in tissues and organs outside MPS; thanks to their positive charge, cationic liposomes interact preferentially with bacterial and biofilm surfaces, acting as innate antibacterials as well as drug delivery systems (DDS); fusogenic liposomes have fluid bilayers that promote fusion with microbial membranes; and finally, ligand-targeted liposomes provide active targeting at infection sites. Dendrimers are among the most recent and attractive nanoparticulate systems, thanks to their multibranched nanoarchitecture, which equipped them with multiple active sites for loading antibiotics and also interacting with bacteria. Finally, nanoantibiotics represent a new hopeful generation of antibiotic candidates capable of increasing or even restoring the clinical efficacy of “old” antibiotics rendered useless by the resistance phenomena.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document