Development of a Quantitative Method Based on the Hill-Shading Technique for Assessing Morphological Changes in the Bone During Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Bone Metastasis

We hypothesized that positioning corrections matching the image in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for bone metastasis contain information on temporal structural changes in irradiated bone metastatic lesions during the treatment period. To extract and quantify these changes, a hill-shading technique was used to emphasize the characteristics of the structure. Spatial frequency components of the bone lesions were described based on hill-shading transformations of the images, and a quantification method was suggested. The matching images of 11 patients who received IGRT for lytic bone metastases were evaluated retrospectively. The hill-shading technique was applied to images of both metastatic lesions and normal bone outside the irradiation field. Outlined bone microstructures were analyzed by a two-dimensional power spectrum using fast Fourier transformation, and the frequency components were quantified. Correlations between the frequency components and cumulative radiation doses were analyzed between the irradiated metastatic bone and normal bone outside the irradiation field. The high-frequency components of the metastatic bone lesion images decreased by a mean of 7% (minimum: -0.2%, maximum: -13.2%) following cumulative irradiation doses of 20-30 Gy versus 0-10 Gy. In the normal bone outside the irradiation field, high-frequency components increased by a mean of 0.07% (minimum: -2.0%, maximum: +4.4%) following irradiation doses of 20-30 Gy versus 0-10 Gy. High-frequency components were significantly different between the normal bone and bone metastases following radiotherapy (p < 0.0001). Hill-shading transformation of matching images obtained during the treatment period enabled adaptation and evaluation of irradiation-induced changes in the microstructure of bone metastatic lesions.

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4D cone beam CT phase sorting using high frequency optical surface measurement during image guided radiotherapy

10.1117/12.877637 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. J. Price ◽

T. E. Marchant ◽

J. M. Parkhurst ◽

P. J. Sharrock ◽

G. A. Whitfield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Surface Measurement ◽

Optical Surface ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Image Guided

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Microenvironmental IL1β promotes breast cancer metastatic colonisation in the bone via activation of Wnt signalling

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-12807-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rachel Eyre ◽

Denis G. Alférez ◽

Angélica Santiago-Gómez ◽

Kath Spence ◽

James C. McConnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Metastasis ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Colony Formation ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Wnt Signalling ◽

Early Event ◽

Metastatic Lesions ◽

Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

Abstract Dissemination of tumour cells to the bone marrow is an early event in breast cancer, however cells may lie dormant for many years before bone metastases develop. Treatment for bone metastases is not curative, therefore new adjuvant therapies which prevent the colonisation of disseminated cells into metastatic lesions are required. There is evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) within breast tumours are capable of metastasis, but the mechanism by which these colonise bone is unknown. Here, we establish that bone marrow-derived IL1β stimulates breast cancer cell colonisation in the bone by inducing intracellular NFkB and CREB signalling in breast cancer cells, leading to autocrine Wnt signalling and CSC colony formation. Importantly, we show that inhibition of this pathway prevents both CSC colony formation in the bone environment, and bone metastasis. These findings establish that targeting IL1β-NFKB/CREB-Wnt signalling should be considered for adjuvant therapy to prevent breast cancer bone metastasis.

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Acetylation of KLF5 maintains EMT and tumorigenicity to cause chemoresistant bone metastasis in prostate cancer

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21976-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Baotong Zhang ◽

Yixiang Li ◽

Qiao Wu ◽

Lin Xie ◽

Benjamin Barwick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Bone Metastasis ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Paracrine Signaling ◽

Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽

Cxcr4 Signaling ◽

Metastatic Lesions ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractAdvanced prostate cancer (PCa) often develops bone metastasis, for which therapies are very limited and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that bone-borne TGF-β induces the acetylation of transcription factor KLF5 in PCa bone metastases, and acetylated KLF5 (Ac-KLF5) causes osteoclastogenesis and bone metastatic lesions by activating CXCR4, which leads to IL-11 secretion, and stimulating SHH/IL-6 paracrine signaling. While essential for maintaining the mesenchymal phenotype and tumorigenicity, Ac-KLF5 also causes resistance to docetaxel in tumors and bone metastases, which is overcome by targeting CXCR4 with FDA-approved plerixafor. Establishing a mechanism for bone metastasis and chemoresistance in PCa, these findings provide a rationale for treating chemoresistant bone metastasis of PCa with inhibitors of Ac-KLF5/CXCR4 signaling.

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Palliative Re-Irradiation of Bone Metastases - Case Report

Medicina Moderna - Modern Medicine ◽

10.31689/rmm.2020.27.4.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 313-317

Author(s):

D.T. IANCU ◽

O.N. PAGUTE ◽

C. SAFTA ◽

C.C. MIRESTEAN ◽

Roxana Irina IANCU

Keyword(s):

Bone Metastasis ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Total Dose ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Lumbosacral Region ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Multiple Bone Metastases ◽

Cancer Multiple

Bone metastasis is a severe complication of malignant tumors. Management of multiple bone metastases remains difficult and prognosis is generally unfavorable, radiotherapy being often the therapeutic option. The main goals of the palliative irradiation of bone metastases are the reduction of pain intensity and the decreasing the analgesic dose used. Overall survival of patients with oligometastatic disease for hormone dependent cancers like breast and prostate may exceed three years and for these groups of patients the reduction of the associated tardive toxicity after irradiation is essential for preserving the quality of life. We present the case of a patient diagnosed in March 2011 with prostate cancer, multiple bone metastases in November 2012. In December 2012, palliative radiotherapy was administrated in a total dose of 21Gy/ fractions, weekly in the lumbosacral region. Seven years after the first presented an increase in pain intensity in the left ischio-pubian branch and pubic symphysis and the bone scintigraphy reveal the progression of the metastatic disease. Palliative re-irradiation was administrated in total dose of 20Gy/5fractions in painful region. Re-irradiation for bone metastasis remains a therapeutic option with the potential to reduce the pain. Image guided radiotherapy can reduce the risk of late toxicity, especially for long-term survivors.

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Time evaluation of image-guided radiotherapy in patients with spinal bone metastases

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie ◽

10.1007/s00066-013-0494-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 190 (3) ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Rief ◽

D. Habermehl ◽

K. Schubert ◽

J. Debus ◽

S.E. Combs

Keyword(s):

Bone Metastases ◽

Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽

Image Guided ◽

Spinal Bone Metastases ◽

Time Evaluation

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Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014419x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 544-545

Author(s):

G. Y. Fan ◽

J. M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

High Frequency ◽

Fourier Transformation ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Chromatic Aberration ◽

Structure Information ◽

Frequency Components ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

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A Novel Adaptive PET/CT Image Fusion Algorithm

Current Bioinformatics ◽

10.2174/1574893613666180704153946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 658-666

Author(s):

Kai-jian Xia ◽

Jian-qiang Wang ◽

Jian Cai

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Image Fusion ◽

High Frequency ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Combination Method ◽

Ct Image ◽

Fusion Algorithm ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Frequency Components

Background: Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. The successful diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the accuracy of the image obtained from medical imaging modalities. Objective: The fusion of CT and PET is combining the complimentary and redundant information both images and can increase the ease of perception. Since the existing fusion method sare not perfect enough, and the fusion effect remains to be improved, the paper proposes a novel method called adaptive PET/CT fusion for lung cancer in Piella framework. Methods: This algorithm firstly adopted the DTCWT to decompose the PET and CT images into different components, respectively. In accordance with the characteristics of low-frequency and high-frequency components and the features of PET and CT image, 5 membership functions are used as a combination method so as to determine the fusion weight for low-frequency components. In order to fuse different high-frequency components, we select the energy difference of decomposition coefficients as the match measure, and the local energy as the activity measure; in addition, the decision factor is also determined for the high-frequency components. Results: The proposed method is compared with some of the pixel-level spatial domain image fusion algorithms. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is feasible and effective. Conclusion: Our proposed algorithm can better retain and protrude the lesions edge information and the texture information of lesions in the image fusion.

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Despeckling of Sar Images Using Shrinkage of Two-Dimensional Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform

International Journal of Image and Graphics ◽

10.1142/s0219467821500236 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2150023

Author(s):

Priya R. Kamath ◽

Kedarnath Senapati ◽

P. Jidesh

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Sar Images ◽

S Transform ◽

Processing Step ◽

Frequency Components ◽

Shock Filter

Speckles are inherent to SAR. They hide and undermine several relevant information contained in the SAR images. In this paper, a despeckling algorithm using the shrinkage of two-dimensional discrete orthonormal S-transform (2D-DOST) coefficients in the transform domain along with shock filter is proposed. Also, an attempt has been made as a post-processing step to preserve the edges and other details while removing the speckle. The proposed strategy involves decomposing the SAR image into low and high-frequency components and processing them separately. A shock filter is used to smooth out the small variations in low-frequency components, and the high-frequency components are treated with a shrinkage of 2D-DOST coefficients. The edges, for enhancement, are detected using a ratio-based edge detection algorithm. The proposed method is tested, verified, and compared with some well-known models on C-band and X-band SAR images. A detailed experimental analysis is illustrated.

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