Combined 60° Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Maps and High-Definition En Face Vasculature Visualization Using Swept-Source Megahertz OCT at 1050 nm

Abstract Purpose: To study the topographic distribution of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) entry sites into the choroid in normal eyes using structural en-face swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT scans (wide-field structural SS-OCT 12x12mm) of 13 healthy subjects was performed. Cross-sectional swept-source OCT scans derived from a volume scan were represented as en-face image display following the Choroid-Scleral Interface to obtain en-face OCT. SPCAs in their last scleral location before choroidal entrance were identified manually, counted and localized by two masked observers. Correlations between two masked observers were analyzed using inter- and intra- class correlation. Results: Accuracy for the choroidal inner and outer border segmentation was 95-99%. Eighteen eyes from 13 normal subjects were included for SPCA analysis. The mean number of arteries was 13.8±3.5 per eye. Thirty-six percent were in the center of the posterior pole image; however, 21% were in the temporal part of the posterior pole. Median accuracy of the detection is 0.94. The correlation between the two observers was fair (0.54).Conclusion: Our algorithm allows visualization of the SPCA at the posterior pole of the eye using wide-field en-face SS-OCT. It can also help the clinicians to study the SPCAs in numerous ocular diseases, particularly its relationship with focal choroidal diseases.

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Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Bursa Premacularis in Healthy Eyes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7627128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Paolo Carpineto ◽

Rossella D’Aloisio ◽

Daniele Guarini ◽

Carla Iafigliola ◽

Luca Cerino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

High Definition ◽

Swept Source ◽

Visualization Software ◽

En Face ◽

Bursa Premacularis ◽

Youth Population ◽

En Face Imaging

Purpose. To describe the reliability and the limits of bursa premacularis (BPM) evaluation using a swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device with enface and 16 mm-high definition (HD) longitudinal scans. Methods. 60 eyes of 60 subjects were enrolled and imaged with SS-OCT system (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). BPM area was measured using enface scans imported to ImageJ. HD horizontal and vertical longitudinal scans centered at the fovea were used to detect width (W) and central thickness (CT) of BPM at baseline (T0) and after 30 minutes (T30) performed by two different observers. An enhanced vitreous visualization software provided by the manufacturer of the device was used to highlight vitreous structures. Results. BPM was identifiable in 100% of eyes using both horizontal and vertical longitudinal scans. On horizontal scan, BPM was not entirely measurable in 21.7% and in 18.3% of cases at T0 and T30, respectively. On vertical scan, BPM was not entirely measurable in 75.0% and in 81.7% at T0 and T30, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two different time measurements with an intraclass correlation coefficient above 70%. Median BPM area was 26.9 (Q1-Q3: 19.5-40.5) mm2. In en face imaging, the most frequent BPM shape was the boat one. Conclusion. SS-OCT is a reliable tool for a detailed quantification and mapping of BPM, and it is able to add useful details about the morphological BPM features in youth population. However, the enhanced visualization of the vitreous structures is still a challenge, also with the most forefront devices.

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Choroidal Thickness and Structural Glaucoma Parameters in Glaucomatous, Preperimetric Glaucomatous, and Healthy Eyes using Swept-Source OCT

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.5301/ejo.5000926 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 548-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Handan Akil ◽

Mayss Al-Sheikh ◽

Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani ◽

Brian Francis ◽

Vikas Chopra

Keyword(s):

Nerve Fiber ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Wide Field ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Swept Source ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer ◽

Rnfl Thickness ◽

The Mean ◽

Healthy Eyes

Purpose To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and its relationship with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in glaucomatous, preperimetric glaucomatous, and healthy eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods Fifty eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, 20 eyes with preperimetric glaucoma, and 20 age-matched healthy eyes were enrolled. Three-dimensional wide-field (12 × 9 mm) images were obtained using a SS-OCT instrument. Peripapillary CT and RNFL thickness, as well as macular CT and GCIPLT, were recorded. The correlation of the CT with nerve fiber layer and GCIPLT measurements was assessed. The association between CT and potential confounding variables including age, sex, axial length, intraocular pressure, and central corneal thickness was also examined. Results Mean peripapillary CTs were 111.7 ± 41.7, 127.7 ± 40.1, and 120.8 ± 35.4 μm in glaucomatous, preperimetric glaucomatous, and normal eyes, respectively. There was statistically significant but weak correlation for the mean RNFL and mean peripapillary CT in glaucomatous subjects (r = 0.341, p = 0.04). There was a significant correlation between RNFL thickness and peripapillary CT in 1, 2, 5, and 6 clock hours of glaucomatous eyes (r = 0.410, p = 0.005; r = 0.316, p = 0.03; r = 0.346, p = 0.02; r = 0.35, p = 0.04, respectively). Mean macular CT was 181.5 ± 70.5, 187.4 ± 65.5, and 185.4 ± 76.4 μm in glaucomatous, preperimetric glaucomatous, and healthy eyes, respectively (p = 0.7). There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean GCIPLT and mean macular CT in all subjects (p>0.05). Conclusions Choroidal thinning and its correlation with other parameters in patients with glaucoma should be further investigated with the proprietary software of SS-OCT.

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Wide-Field En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Extrafoveal Retinoschisis in Highly Myopic Eyes

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.16-20607 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 1037 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Xiao ◽

Zhuoting Zhu ◽

Capucine Odouard ◽

Ou Xiao ◽

Xinxing Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Wide Field ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

En Face

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Wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of retinal microvasculature and choroidal thickness in patients with myopia

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319540 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. bjophthalmol-2021-319540

Author(s):

Jade Y. Moon ◽

Itika Garg ◽

Ying Cui ◽

Raviv Katz ◽

Ying Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Foveal Avascular Zone ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Wide Field ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Swept Source ◽

Retinal Microvasculature ◽

Capillary Plexus

Background/aimsPathological myopia (PM) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. We aimed to evaluate microvascular and chorioretinal changes in different stages of myopia with wide-field (WF) swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional observational study included 186 eyes of 122 patients who had undergone imaging between November 2018 and October 2020. Vessel density (VD) and vessel skeletonised density (VSD) of superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus and whole retina, as well as foveal avascular zone parameters, retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT), were calculated.ResultsThis study evaluated 75 eyes of 48 patients with high myopia (HM), 43 eyes of 31 patients with mild to moderate myopia and 68 eyes of 53 age-matched controls. Controlling for age and the presence of systemic hypertension, we found that HM was associated with decrease in VD and VSD in all layers on 12×12 mm² scans. Furthermore, HM was associated with a VD and VSD decrease in every Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid, with a larger decrease temporally (βVD=−0.39, βVSD=−10.25, p<0.01). HM was associated with decreased RT and CT. Reduction in RT was outside the macular region, while reduction in CT was in the macular region.ConclusionUsing WF SS-OCTA, we identified reduction in microvasculature and structural changes associated with myopia. Decrease in VD and VSD was greater in the temporal quadrant, and reductions in RT and CT were uneven across the retina. Further work may help identify risk factors for the progression of PM and associated vision-threatening complications.

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Wide-field Swept-source OCT Analysis of Interocular Symmetry of Choroidal Thickness in Subjects with Uncomplicated Pachychoroid

10.21203/rs.3.rs-138887/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Min-Su Kim ◽

Hyung-Bin Lim ◽

Woo-Hyuk Lee ◽

Yeo-Kyoung Won ◽

Gi-Yup Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Wide Field ◽

Macular Area ◽

Clinical Factor ◽

Swept Source ◽

Peripheral Area ◽

Peripheral Areas ◽

The Right

Abstract Purpose: To study the bilateral choroidal thickness (CT) symmetry and difference in uncomplicated pachychoroid subjects using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).Methods: All subjects underwent a wide-field 16-mm 1-line scan using SS-OCT. Bilateral CT was measured at, and compared among, the following 12 points: 3 points at 900-µm intervals from the nasal optic disc margin (nasal peripapillary area), 1 point at the subfovea, 6 points at 900-µm intervals from the fovea to the nasal and temporal areas (macular area), and 2 peripheral points 5,400 and 8,100 µm from the fovea (peripheral area). Associations between interocular CT differences in the various measurement areas and clinical factors were analyzed.Results: There was no statistically significant differences in CT between the right and left eyes in any area (all p > 0.05); they all showed significant positive correlations (all p < 0.01). However, the correlation coefficients (ρ) were smaller for the nasal peripapillary and peripheral areas compared to the macular area. In addition, the interocular axial length differences were significantly associated with interocular CT differences in the macular area, but not in the nasal peripapillary or peripheral area. No other clinical factor was associated with interocular CT differences in any area.Conclusions: The CTs in each region were bilaterally symmetrical in subjects with uncomplicated pachychoroid. However, interocular difference in CT increased from the center to the periphery, indicating that the anatomical variation of the nasal peripapillary and peripheral choroid was greater than that of the macula.

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Topographic correlation between juxtapapillary choroidal thickness and parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout in primary open-angle glaucoma

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 1134-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Seung Hyen Lee ◽

Eun Ji Lee ◽

Tae-Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Angle ◽

Swept Source ◽

En Face ◽

Swept Source Oct ◽

The Mean

PurposeTo investigate the topographic relationship between parapapillary deep-layer microvasculature dropout (MvD) as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) and the juxtapapillary choroidal thickness (JPCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsA total of 194 eyes (138 POAG and 56 control eyes) having parapapillary atrophy (PPA) were imaged using the swept-source OCT and OCTA to examine the microstructure of PPA and measure the JPCT, and to determine the presence of the MvD. MvD was defined as a focal sectoral capillary dropout without any visible microvascular network identified in the parapapillary deep-layer in the en face OCTA images.ResultsJPCT was smaller in the POAG group than control group at 6-, 6.5-, 7- and 7.5-o’clock meridians (all p≤0.002). When POAG eyes were classified into those with parapapillary γ-zone and those with only β-zone without γ-zone, the mean JPCT was significantly smaller in the latter (p=0.027). The JPCT differed between with and without MvD only in eyes with a γ-zone: the JPCT was smaller in the eyes having MvD at 7- and 7.5-o’clock meridians (both p=0.001), where MvD was detected most frequently. However, such a difference was not observed in the eyes with only β-zone without the γ-zone at any of the meridians.ConclusionsLocalised reductions in JPCT were observed at the location of MvD in POAG eyes with parapapillary γ-zone. Such a correlation was not observed in the POAG eyes with only β-zone, but the mean JPCT was significantly smaller in this group.

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En-face analysis of short posterior ciliary arteries crossing the sclera to choroid using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88205-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Lejoyeux ◽

R. Atia ◽

K. K. Vupparaboina ◽

M. N. Ibrahim ◽

S. Suthaharan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Wide Field ◽

Temporal Part ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Swept Source ◽

En Face ◽

Ciliary Arteries

AbstractTo study the topographic distribution of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) entry sites into the choroid in normal eyes using structural en-face swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT scans (wide-field structural SS-OCT 12 × 12 mm) of 13 healthy subjects was performed. Cross-sectional swept-source OCT scans derived from a volume scan were represented as en-face image display following the Choroid-Scleral Interface to obtain en-face OCT. SPCAs in their last scleral location before choroidal entrance were identified manually, counted and localized by two masked observers. Correlations between two masked observers were analyzed using inter- and intra-class correlation. Accuracy for the choroidal inner and outer border segmentation was 95–99%. Eighteen eyes from 13 normal subjects were included for SPCA analysis. The mean number of arteries was 13.8 ± 3.5 per eye. Thirty-six percent were in the center of the posterior pole image; however, 21% were in the temporal part of the posterior pole. Median accuracy of the detection is 0.94. The correlation between the two observers was fair (0.54). Our algorithm allows visualization of the SPCA at the posterior pole of the eye using wide-field en-face SS-OCT. It can also help the clinicians to study the SPCAs in numerous ocular diseases, particularly its relationship with focal choroidal diseases.

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Wide-Field Swept-Source OCT Analysis of Interocular Symmetry of Choroidal Thickness in Subjects with Uncomplicated Pachychoroid

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10184253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 4253

Author(s):

Min-Su Kim ◽

Hyung-Bin Lim ◽

Woo-Hyuk Lee ◽

Yeo-Kyoung Won ◽

Ki-Yup Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Wide Field ◽

Macular Area ◽

Swept Source ◽

Swept Source Oct ◽

Peripheral Areas ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Right

Background: We aimed to study the bilateral choroidal thickness (CT) symmetry and difference in uncomplicated pachychoroid subjects using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: All subjects underwent a wide-field 16-mm one-line scan using SS-OCT. Bilateral CT was measured at, and compared among, the following 12 points: three points at 900-µm intervals from the nasal optic disc margin (nasal peripapillary area), one point at the subfovea, six points at 900-µm intervals from the fovea to the nasal and temporal areas (macular area), and two peripheral points 5400 and 8100 µm from the fovea (peripheral area). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in CT between the right and left eyes in any area (all p > 0.05); they all showed significant positive correlations (all p < 0.01). However, the correlation coefficients (ρ) were smaller for the nasal peripapillary and peripheral areas compared to the macular area. Conclusions: The CTs in each region were bilaterally symmetrical in subjects with uncomplicated pachychoroid. However, interocular difference in CT increased from the center to the periphery, indicating that the anatomical variation of the nasal peripapillary and peripheral choroid was greater than that of the macula.

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