scholarly journals Using “Local Climate Zones” to Detect Urban Heat Island on Two Small Cities in Alabama

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Chieppa ◽  
Austin Bush ◽  
Chandana Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract Classifying “urban” and “rural” environments is a challenge in understanding urban climate, specifically urban heat islands (UHIs). Stewart and Oke developed the “local climate zone” (LCZ) classification system to clarify these distinctions using 17 unique groups. This system has been applied to many areas around the world, but few studies have attempted to utilize them to detect UHI effects in smaller cities. Our aim was to use the LCZ classification system 1) to detect UHI in two small cities in Alabama and 2) to determine whether similar zones experienced similar intensity or magnitude of UHIs. For 1 week, we monitored hourly temperature in two cities, in four zones: compact low-rise, open low-rise, dense forests, and water. We found that urban zones were often warmer for overall, daytime, and nighttime temperatures relative to rural zones (from −0.1° to 2.8°C). In addition, we found that temperatures between cities in similar zones were not very similar, indicating that the LCZ system does not predict UHI intensity equally in places with similar background climates. We found that the LCZ classification system was easy to use, and we recognize its potential as a tool for urban ecologists and urban planners.

Use of Local Climate Zones to investigate surface urban heat islands in Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong Zhao ◽  
Jennifer L. R. Jensen ◽  
Qihao Weng ◽  
Nathan Currit ◽  
Russell Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Stewart ◽  
T. R. Oke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat

The effect of urban development on local thermal climate is widely documented in scientific literature. Observations of urban–rural air temperature differences—or urban heat islands (UHIs)—have been reported for cities and regions worldwide, often with local field sites that are extremely diverse in their physical and climatological characteristics. These sites are usually described only as “urban” or “rural,” leaving much uncertainty about the actual exposure and land cover of the sites. To address the inadequacies of urban–rural description, the “local climate zone” (LCZ) classification system has been developed. The LCZ system comprises 17 zone types at the local scale (102 to 104 m). Each type is unique in its combination of surface structure, cover, and human activity. Classification of sites into appropriate LCZs requires basic metadata and surface characterization. The zone definitions provide a standard framework for reporting and comparing field sites and their temperature observations. The LCZ system is designed primarily for urban heat island researchers, but it has derivative uses for city planners, landscape ecologists, and global climate change investigators.

scholarly journals Applications of Local Climate Zone Classification Scheme to Improve Urban Sustainability: A Bibliometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Ruoyu You ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chun Chen ◽  
Dayi Lai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Research Domains

Many of the sustainable urban development issues, such as human heath, energy consumption, carbon emission, are related to the climate of cities. As a result, research insights gained in urban climate study can be applied to improve urban sustainability. Although the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) scheme was originally proposed to provide a standardized classification of landscapes to study urban air temperature, its use was not limited to the study of urban heat islands. This study explores the applications of LCZ scheme in various research domains by conducting a bibliometric analysis in CiteSpace on over 800 articles that cites the original article of LCZ. These articles cover a wide range of research categories including meteorology, atmospheric science, environmental science, remote sensing, building technology, civil engineering, ecology, urban studies, etc. The LCZ scheme facilitates urban climate data collection by refining monitoring network, providing reasonable modelling input, and improving database documentation. In addition to the study of urban heat islands, the LCZ scheme was applied in studies of urban thermal comfort, human health, building energy consumption, and carbon emission. The diffusion of the LCZ scheme to other research domains offers an example that the development of urban climate research advances sustainable urban development. This review provides insights of multidisciplinary studies related to urban climate for policy-makers, urban specialists, architects, ecologists, and others.

scholarly journals Advances of Local Climate Zone Mapping and Its Practice Using Object-Based Image Analysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Lei Ma ◽  
Xiaoxiang Zhu ◽  
Chunping Qiu ◽  
Thomas Blaschke ◽  
Manchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Object Based Image Analysis ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Future Object ◽  
Local Climate Zone

In the context of climate change and urban heat islands, the concept of local climate zones (LCZ) aims for consistent and comparable mapping of urban surface structure and cover across cities. This study provides a timely survey of remote sensing-based applications of LCZ mapping considering the recent increase in publications. We analyze and evaluate several aspects that affect the performance of LCZ mapping, including mapping units/scale, transferability, sample dataset, low accuracy, and classification schemes. Since current LCZ analysis and mapping are based on per-pixel approaches, this study implements an object-based image analysis (OBIA) method and tests it for two cities in Germany using Sentinel 2 data. A comparison with a per-pixel method yields promising results. This study shall serve as a blueprint for future object-based remotely sensed LCZ mapping approaches.

Evaluation of urban heat islands using local climate zones and the influence of sea-land breeze

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 102060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilin Zhou ◽  
Tsubasa Okaze ◽  
Chao Ren ◽  
Meng Cai ◽  
Yasuyuki Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Land Breeze ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modeling urban green areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1295-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lemonsu ◽  
V. Masson ◽  
L. Shashua-Bar ◽  
E. Erell ◽  
D. Pearlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract. Cities impact both local climate, through urban heat islands, and global climate, because they are an area of heavy greenhouse gas release into the atmosphere due to heating, air conditioning and traffic. Including more vegetation into cities is a planning strategy having possible positive impacts for both concerns. Improving vegetation representation into urban models will allow to address more accurately these questions. This paper presents an improvement of the TEB urban canopy model. Vegetation is directly included inside the canyon, allowing shadowing of grass by buildings, better representation of urban canopy form, and, a priori, a more accurate simulation of canyon air microclimate. The development is performed so that any vegetation model can be used to represent the vegetation part. Here the ISBA model is used. The model results are compared to microclimatic and evaporation measurements performed in small courtyards in a very arid region of Israel. Two experimental landscaping strategies – bare soil or irrigated grass in the courtyard – are observed and simulated. The new version of the model with integrated vegetation performs better than if vegetation is treated outside the canyon. Surface temperatures are closer to the observations, especially at night when radiative trapping is important. The integrated vegetation version simulates a more humid air inside the canyon. The microclimatic quantities are better simulated with this new version. This opens opportunities to study with better accuracy the urban microclimate, down to the micro (or canyon) scale.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of urban heat islands effects in tropical climates and their impact on the ecology of the city

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Nguyen Anh Quan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The City

The cumulative heating in some urban areas due to the urban growth and its types of industry, energy and transport, is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). It is recognized as one of the characteristics of the urban climate. The temperature increase caused by the effect (UHI) affects the energy flow in urban ecological systems, creates an unusual urban climate. By studying the effects of climate factors, local building materials to optimize energy efficiency, urban landscape, UHI phenomenon could be significantly moderated.

scholarly journals Advancement in Urban Climate Modelling at Local Scale: Urban Heat Island Mitigation and Building Cooling Demand

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Aytaç Kubilay ◽  
Jonas Allegrini ◽  
Dominik Strebel ◽  
Yongling Zhao ◽  
Dominique Derome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Building Cooling

As cities and their population are subjected to climate change and urban heat islands, it is paramount to have the means to understand the local urban climate and propose mitigation measures, especially at neighbourhood, local and building scales. A framework is presented, where the urban climate is studied by coupling a meteorological model to a building-resolved local urban climate model, and where an urban climate model is coupled to a building energy simulation model. The urban climate model allows for studies at local scale, combining modelling of wind and buoyancy with computational fluid dynamics, radiative exchange and heat and mass transport in porous materials including evaporative cooling at street canyon and neighbourhood scale. This coupled model takes into account the hygrothermal behaviour of porous materials and vegetation subjected to variations of wetting, sun, wind, humidity and temperature. The model is driven by climate predictions from a mesoscale meteorological model including urban parametrisation. Building energy demand, such as cooling demand during heat waves, can be evaluated. This integrated approach not only allows for the design of adapted buildings, but also urban environments that can mitigate the negative effects of future climate change and increased urban heat islands. Mitigation solutions for urban heat island effect and heat waves, including vegetation, evaporative cooling pavements and neighbourhood morphology, are assessed in terms of pedestrian comfort and building (cooling) energy consumption.

scholarly journals Relationships between Snow and the Wintertime Minneapolis Urban Heat Island

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Malevich ◽  
Katherine Klink
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Hourly Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Insulating Properties

AbstractUrban heat islands (UHIs) are one of the best-recorded incidences of anthropogenic climate change. Studies from across the globe have examined this phenomenon, but relatively few have focused on cold-winter cities and the effects of snow cover and snowfall. This study uses hourly temperature measurements from 1 December 2008 through 28 February 2009 at 22 urban sites in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to investigate the effect of snow cover and snowfall on the UHI. Snow effects on temperature are estimated for calm conditions using a linear mixed-effect (LME) model. For the winter of 2008/09, the average wintertime UHI was approximately 1.0°C, with a peak near midday rather than at night. The LME model results suggest that a snow cover of 5 cm or more increased the magnitude of the UHI by about 1.0°C during the day and by about 0.5°C at night. The model also indicates that the presence of moderate snowfall decreased the magnitude of the UHI by up to 2.0°C, although this result is based on a comparatively small number of events. The high albedo of snow is posited to contribute to the enhanced UHI during the day, and snow’s insulating properties are likely contributors to the characteristics of the nighttime UHI.

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