scholarly journals Climatological features of strong winds caused by extratropical cyclones around Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetaka Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Explosive Cyclones ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Horizontal Pressure ◽  
Strong Winds

AbstractWe examined the climatological features of strong winds associated with extratropical cyclones around Japan during 40 seasons between November-April from 1979/80 to 2018/19 using reanalysis data. Our assessments revealed that the extratropical cyclones caused most of the strong winds around Japan (80-90%). Notably, the contribution of explosively developing extratropical cyclones is larger (70-80%). The strong winds are mainly related to the warm conveyor belt (WCB) and cold conveyor belt (CCB) inside the explosive cyclones. Moreover, the strong winds tend to be distributed widely over the southwestern quadrant of the cyclones. This is due to the intensification of the horizontal pressure gradient between the mature cyclones and the Siberian high extending from the Eurasia continent to Japan. We investigated the regionality of strong winds by highlighting the three areas with high frequencies of strong winds: the area around Hokkaido (i.e., the northernmost island of Japan [area A]), and the areas around the Japan Sea side (area B) and the Pacific Ocean side (area C) of the main island of Japan. The features of the seasonal change in the frequency of the strong winds differ in each area, which reflects the seasonal change in the activities of the explosive cyclones. Moreover, the CCB, the head of the CCB and WCB, and the CCB and WCB bring the strong winds to areas A, B, and C, respectively. The timing of the appearance of these windstorms during the lifecycles of typical cases highlighted in this study is consistent with that observed in Europe.

scholarly journals Evidence of clonal propagation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don distributed on Pacific Ocean side in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güliz Doğan ◽  
Takumi Tadama ◽  
Hiroki Kohama ◽  
Asako Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshinari Moriguchi
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract Cryptomeria japonica is distributed on the Pacific Ocean side and reproduces only by seedling; however, C. japonica var. radicans is distributed on the Japan Sea side and reproduces by both seedling and layering. Until now, there has been no report that C. japonica on the Pacific Ocean side regenerates by layering. In this study, the regeneration system of C. japonica in a national forest of Miyagi Prefecture Ishinomaki City was investigated using DNA analysis. C. japonica growing in the study plot was divided into seven genets and 40 single ramets, clearly suggesting that C. japonica at this site regenerates not only by seedling, but also by layering. The strong winds and low temperature appear to be key factors in layering reproduction at this site.

Comparison of stable isotopes, ratios of 36Cl/Cl and 129I/127I in brine and deep groundwater from the Pacific coastal region and the eastern margin of the Japan Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2389-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Mahara ◽  
Tomoko Ohta ◽  
Tomochika Tokunaga ◽  
Hiroyuki Matsuzaki ◽  
Eiji Nakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Eastern Margin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Japan Sea

scholarly journals Recent Changes in Explosively Developing Extratropical Cyclones over the Winter Northwestern Pacific

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 7282-7296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Iwao ◽  
Masaru Inatsu ◽  
Masahide Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Explosive Cyclones ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Data Assimilation System

Abstract This study investigated recent changes in the characteristics of explosively developing extratropical cyclones over the northwestern Pacific region in winter from 1979/80 to 2010/11 by using reanalysis data from the Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis/Japan Meteorological Agency Climate Data Assimilation System (JRA-25/JCDAS). The results showed that the frequency of explosive cyclones increased in the northwestern Pacific region east of Japan. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in the number of slowly developing cyclones, indicating an increase in the cyclone growth rate. Moreover, most of the increased explosive cyclones east of Japan originated southwest of Japan. A comparison of the dynamical features and energy budgets of two composite cyclones in the earlier and later halves of the study period suggested that the increase was due to an enhancement of the low-level baroclinicity to the east of Japan and an increase in humidity associated with sea surface temperature warming and enhanced evaporation along the eastern shore of the Asian continent.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF PETER THE GREAT BAY DISCOVER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SURVEYS IN THE JAPAN SEA TILL THE MIDDLE 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
G. V. Khen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
Great Bay ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Japan Sea

Peter the Great Bay (PGB) was not known to Europeans for a long time. The first European ship reached PGB in 1852. She was the French corvette Capricieuse commanded by captain G. de Rocquemaurel who was sent by his government for exploring the western coast of the Japan Sea; actually he had described the Posyet Bay only. Later the British HMS Winchester and Barracuda visited PGB in August, 1856. They discovered the Golden Horn Bay, them as Port May, and gave names to many other geographical locations. Large Russian expedition of 7 vessels was sent to Primorye coast under the leadership of N.N. Muravyov-Amursky, the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, in the summer of 1859. They described thoroughly the entire PGB and changed many (not all) foreign geographical names to Russian ones. Scientific researches in the Japan Sea were started soon by L.I. Schrenk, who summarized the results of Russian observations in two books published in 1869 and 1874. Great success in understanding of oceanographic regime was the work of S.O. Makarov «The «Vitiaz» and the Pacific Ocean» (1894). S. Ogura created in 1927 the general chart of currents in the Japan Sea on the base of Japanese observations in 1900–1911 that was more detailed and comprehensive than the first chart of L.I. Shrenk. Moreover, S. Ogura plotted the water temperature and salinity distribution over the whole Japan Sea for February and August. Oceanographic studies in PGB were made in 1920s by K.A. Gomoyunov, the first professional oceanographer who lived constantly in the Russian Far East; he began from the Amur Bay survey in the summer of 1925. The USSR Hydrographic Office conducted the oceanographic survey in PGB and the Tatar Strait in 1926–1928, with measuring of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, pH, and water transparency, with the deepest measurements at the depth of 3500 m. In 1932, the Pacific Res. Inst. of Fisheries in Vladivostok together with the State Hydrographic Institute in Leningrad organized the large-scale Pacific expedition that covered all Far-Eastern Seas. In the framework of this expedition, the 5 cruises of RV Rossinante to the Japan Sea headed by N.I. Tarasov explored PGB, too, that allowed to analyze seasonal variations of temperature, salinity, oxygen content, and currents. Oceanographic researches in the Japan Sea became more active in the times of WWII, 4 small research vessels made observations at Primorye coast every month from April to October under general supervision of A.M. Batalin; in total, more than 100 exits to the sea were recorded in 1941–1946. The data collected in those years was the basis for the big atlas of the Japan Sea created under the leadership of A.I. Rumyantsev and published in 1951.

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