Martin Fishbein’s Legacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 640 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icek Ajzen
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
And Control

The reasoned action approach that Martin Fishbein pioneered has emerged as the dominant conceptual framework for predicting, explaining, and changing human social behavior. The most popular model in this tradition, the theory of planned behavior, has generated a great deal of empirical research supporting the premises of this approach. It has been shown that behavioral, normative, and control beliefs provide the basis, respectively, for attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; that these three factors jointly account for a great deal of variance in behavioral intentions; and that intentions and perceived control can be used to predict actual behavior. Based on these insights, investigators have been able to design effective behavior change interventions.

scholarly journals The Reasoned Action Approach and the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Psychology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Actual Control

Since the inception of the theory of reasoned action in late 1970s by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen, the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior and, in its more recent incarnation, the reasoned action approach, have been among the most influential approaches to predicting and understanding intentional behavior. The theories have been widely applied across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations. With their roots in attitude theory and the social cognitive tradition, the theories focus on individuals’ beliefs with respect to future performance of a given behavior. The theory of reasoned action was the earliest version of the theory. The central construct of the theory is intention, a motivational construct that is considered the most proximal determinant of behavior. Intention reflects the extent to which an individual is likely to plan to do, and invest effort in pursuing, a given behavior. Intention is conceptualized as a function of two belief-based constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. Attitudes are positive or negative evaluations of performing the behavior in future, while subjective norms reflect beliefs that significant others would want them to perform the behavior. The theory of reasoned action demonstrated effectiveness in predicting variability in people’s behavior across many contexts, populations, and behaviors. Ajzen modified the theory of reasoned action to account for behaviors that were not under the complete control of the individual. The theory of planned behavior introduced perceived behavioral control as an additional predictor of intentions. In circumstances where individuals’ perceptions of control closely reflect actual control, perceived behavioral control would determine the strength of the Intention-Behavior Relationship. When their perceived behavioral control was high, individuals would be more likely to act on their intentions. Ajzen also proposed that when perceived behavioral control closely reflects actual control, it will directly predict behavior. Fishbein and Ajzen proposed the reasoned action approach as a further development in their theory based on research. The reasoned action approach extends the theory of planned behavior by differentiating between different subcomponents of the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control constructs in the theory of planned behavior. The popularity of the theories is due to their relative simplicity and flexibility, as well as their effectiveness in accounting for substantive variance in behavior. The theories have also served as the basis for extended theories that encompass new constructs toward developing more comprehensive explanations of behavior, and to test salient processes that determine action such as the relationship between intentions and behavior. This annotated bibliography outlines key books, chapters, and articles that chart the progress of these theories from their origins and development to their application and extension. The list of readings offered in this bibliography is not exhaustive, but aims to provide readers with a representative overview of the origins of the theories, key theoretical assumptions and debates, the empirical evidence testing the theories, and research on extensions and practical application of the theories.

scholarly journals The Reasoned Action Approach and the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Reasoned Action ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Actual Control

Since the inception of the theory of reasoned action in late 1970s by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen, the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior and, in its more recent incarnation, the reasoned action approach, have been among the most influential approaches to predicting and understanding intentional behavior. The theories have been widely applied across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations. With their roots in attitude theory and the social cognitive tradition, the theories focus on individuals’ beliefs with respect to future performance of a given behavior. The theory of reasoned action was the earliest version of the theory. The central construct of the theory is intention, a motivational construct that is considered the most proximal determinant of behavior. Intention reflects the extent to which an individual is likely to plan to do, and invest effort in pursuing, a given behavior. Intention is conceptualized as a function of two belief-based constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. Attitudes are positive or negative evaluations of performing the behavior in future, while subjective norms reflect beliefs that significant others would want them to perform the behavior. The theory of reasoned action demonstrated effectiveness in predicting variability in people’s behavior across many contexts, populations, and behaviors. Ajzen modified the theory of reasoned action to account for behaviors that were not under the complete control of the individual. The theory of planned behavior introduced perceived behavioral control as an additional predictor of intentions. In circumstances where individuals’ perceptions of control closely reflect actual control, perceived behavioral control would determine the strength of the Intention-Behavior Relationship. When their perceived behavioral control was high, individuals would be more likely to act on their intentions. Ajzen also proposed that when perceived behavioral control closely reflects actual control, it will directly predict behavior. Fishbein and Ajzen proposed the reasoned action approach as a further development in their theory based on research. The reasoned action approach extends the theory of planned behavior by differentiating between different subcomponents of the attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control constructs in the theory of planned behavior. The popularity of the theories is due to their relative simplicity and flexibility, as well as their effectiveness in accounting for substantive variance in behavior. The theories have also served as the basis for extended theories that encompass new constructs toward developing more comprehensive explanations of behavior, and to test salient processes that determine action such as the relationship between intentions and behavior. This annotated bibliography outlines key books, chapters, and articles that chart the progress of these theories from their origins and development to their application and extension. The list of readings offered in this bibliography is not exhaustive, but aims to provide readers with a representative overview of the origins of the theories, key theoretical assumptions and debates, the empirical evidence testing the theories, and research on extensions and practical application of the theories.

How Effective are Behavior Change Interventions Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior?

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Steinmetz ◽  
Michael Knappstein ◽  
Icek Ajzen ◽  
Peter Schmidt ◽  
Rüdiger Kabst
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Domain ◽  
And Control

Abstract. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a prominent framework for predicting and explaining behavior in a variety of domains. The theory is also increasingly being used as a framework for conducting behavior change interventions. In this meta-analysis, we identified 82 papers reporting results of 123 interventions in a variety of disciplines. Our analysis confirmed the effectiveness of TPB-based interventions, with a mean effect size of .50 for changes in behavior and effect sizes ranging from .14 to .68 for changes in antecedent variables (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). Further analyses revealed that the interventions’ effectiveness varied for the diverse behavior change methods. In addition, interventions conducted in public and with groups were more successful than interventions in private locations or focusing on individuals. Finally, we identified gender and education as well as behavioral domain as moderators of the interventions’ effectiveness.

The Influence of Nurses’ Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control on Maintaining Patients’ Privacy in a Hospital Setting

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nili Tabak ◽  
Meirave Ozon
Keyword(s):  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Nurses Attitude

The research reported in this article examined the influence of nurses’ attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on maintaining patients’ privacy during hospitalization. The data were gathered from 109 nurses in six internal medicine wards at an Israeli hospital. The research was based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. A positive and significant correlation was shown between nurses’ attitude to promoting and maintaining patient privacy and their planned behavior, while perceived behavioral control was the best variable for predicting the nurses’ behavior. Better educated nurses believed that they had fewer resources and anticipated more obstacles in acting to promote and maintain patient privacy. This research adds a new dimension to what is already known about nurses’ attitudes to maintaining patients’ privacy, nurses’ planned behavior and their actual behavior. The practical implications of the findings are the identification of factors that influence the attitudes and behavior of nursing staff, which, in turn, will enable allocation of resources for solving difficulties and removing obstacles. The results will allow the formulation of educational programs to guide staff and also the application of policies based on both patient and nursing staff needs.

scholarly journals A reasoned action approach to understand vaccination intention among healthcare professions students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F De Nard ◽  
S Rivolta ◽  
M Letzgus ◽  
M Gaiazzi ◽  
D Carnevali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Medical Residents ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Behavior ◽  
Healthcare Professions ◽  
Prevention Techniques ◽  
Vaccination Knowledge

Abstract Background Understanding the predictors of vaccination intention among healthcare workers, including students in healthcare professions (SHPs), is crucial for policy making and for the development of evidence-driven training programs. The reasoned action approach (RAA) model includes three components to predict intention: attitude (experiential/instrumental), perceived norm (injunctive/descriptive), and perceived behavioral control (capacity/autonomy). We aimed to investigate the predictors of seasonal Flu vaccination intention among SHPs of the University of Milan. Methods We spread an e-survey to all medical residents and first- and last-year SHPs (medicine, nursery, midwifery, healthcare assistance and prevention techniques). The strength of association between measures of RAA components (as well as sociodemographic data, past vaccination behavior, vaccination knowledge, and perceived vaccination facilitation strategies), and vaccination intention was estimated using uni- and multivariate logistic regression models. Results Among 5743 invited SHPs, 884 participated in the survey and were included in the descriptive analyses (52,3% medical residents, 19,9% medicine, 21,1% nursing, 3,6% healthcare assistance, 2,7% prevention techniques and 0,5% midwifery students). Twenty-nine psycho-attitudinal items with an overall Cronbach alpha >0.7 were included in the analyses. The regression analyses were performed on 751 subjects who filled in completely the survey. Past vaccination behavior, vaccination knowledge, experiential attitudes, and perceived vaccination facilitation strategies were positive predictors of Flu vaccination intention (OR 8.16, 2.42, 1.96 and 1.15 respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results indicated knowledge, experiential attitudes and facilitation strategies as modifiable predictors of vaccination intention among SHPs. Targeted and lasting interventions are needed in order to pursue a change in the strongest predictor, past vaccination behavior. Key messages Past vaccination is the strongest predictor of vaccination intention among students in healthcare professions. Knowledge, attitudes and perceived facilitators predict vaccine propensity among students in healthcare professions.

Gender differences for theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening physical activity in college-aged students: a moderation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Fairchild Saidi ◽  
Paul Branscum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Perceived Norms ◽  
Motivational Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Researchers and practitioners have primarily focused on understanding and promoting aerobic forms of physical activity (PA), while leaving muscle-strengthening forms of PA less understood. There are also stark gender disparities for muscle-strengthening PA but not aerobic PA. The purpose of this study was to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) toward understanding theory-based determinants of muscle-strengthening PA and to explore gender differences. Female (n = 272) and male (n = 120) college students completed a valid and reliable survey evaluating their participation in muscle-strengthening PA and the constructs of the RAA (intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]). Results showed that attitudes, perceived norms, and PBC explained a substantial amount of the variance of intentions for both female (53.8%) and male (54.7%) participants; however, when predicting participation in muscle-strengthening PA, PBC moderated the relationship between intentions and muscle-strengthening PA participation for female participants but not for male participants. Results from this study showed that for women, implementational processes are likely needed for public health interventions to promote muscle-strengthening PA to build capability, skills, and self-efficacy, while for men, motivational interventions are warranted to create favorable attitudes.

The Role of Sociocognitive Mediators in the Beliefs-Intentions Relationship: Snacking Behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Karimi Shahanjarini ◽  
Arash Rashidian ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Davood Shojaeezadeh
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unhealthy Snacks

The mediating role of the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991) constructs in the belief constructs-intention relationship is examined in this study. We investigated the mediation ability of TPB constructs on Iranian adolescents' intentions to consume unhealthy snacks. A sample of 739 adolescents completed questionnaires assessing behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that measures had discriminant validity. Analysis showed that attitudes and PBC only partially mediate the effect of behavioral and power beliefs, on intention. This finding suggests that the predictive power of TPB will increase with the inclusion of belief components.

Understanding Tailored Internet Smoking Cessation Messages

2012 ◽  
Vol 640 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Message Tailoring ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Insight Into

Although message tailoring has been shown to produce experimental effects in previous studies, the cognitive mechanisms through which tailoring works have not been sufficiently studied. Using the integrative model to predict intentions to use the nicotine replacement patch among adult smokers, this study examines how tailoring theoretical elements of the integrative model is effective in changing the theoretical mediators. Participants were randomized into one of two conditions. In the experimental condition, participants received messages tailored to some or all of the underlying behavioral, injunctive normative, or self-efficacy beliefs with the expectation that changing the underlying beliefs would result in experimental differences in the integrative model’s direct measures. This expectation was confirmed. The integrative model also worked well in predicting intentions to perform the target behavior; attitude, perceived normative pressure, and perceived behavioral control accounted for 53 percent of the variance in intentions. Attitude and normative pressure were the strongest predictors of intention. These results provide support for tailoring messages using a reasoned action approach and provide insight into the mechanism through which message tailoring operates.

scholarly journals Using The Reasoned Action Approach To Analyze Differences In Physical Activity Behaviors of College Student Athletes During The Early COVID-19 Shutdown.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Branscum ◽  
Karly S. Geller ◽  
Olivia A. Branson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Reasoned Action Approach ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Perceived Norms ◽  
College Student Athletes

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to utilize the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity (PA) behaviors of college student athletes, including aerobic, muscle strengthening, and sport-specific conditioning PA. Theory-based determinants of intentions to all three PA behaviors were assessed using multiple regression analyses.Results: Outcomes demonstrated that perceived norms, perceived behavioral control, and attitudes predicted a significant amount of the variance of intentions for muscle strengthening PA (44.8%) and a moderate amount for aerobic PA (28.5%) and conditioning PA (35.2%). Additionally, intentions, attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioral control were compared between PA type using a repeated measures ANOVA, and results showed there were significant differences. Conclusion: These findings can assist public health practitioners, coaches, and trainers to develop and implement more effective interventions and training sessions for all types of PA with college athletes.

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