scholarly journals Changes in Racial and Gender Inequality since 1970

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Matthew Snipp ◽  
Sin Yi Cheung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
White Workers

The decades following 1970 to the present were an important period because they marked an era in which measures such as Affirmative Action were introduced to improve opportunities for American minorities and women. Ironically, this also was a period when income inequality dramatically increased in the United States. We analyze Census data from 1970 to 2009 to assess whether inequality in the earnings received by women and minorities has changed in this period. We find a complicated set of results. Racial inequalities persist though to a lesser extent than they did four decades earlier. Asian workers in particular have seen improvements and a lessening of inequality relative to White workers. Gender inequality also persists, though more in some groups than others. Overall, the results of this study underscore the persistence of racial and gender inequality in the United States.

scholarly journals The Black Lives Matter movement and health inequalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Jagriti Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
And Gender

With the recent Black Lives Matter movement, existing racial inequalities in various sectors of the United States have regained prominence. Due to the pandemic, statistics on racial disparities in the health sector have been aggravated. On a related note, while the #Black Lives Matter movement received substantial support from India’s online community, deeply entrenched inequalities in terms of caste, community and gender in India’s health sector need to be critically evaluated as well. This paper is an attempt to understand how the awareness generated by the Black Lives Matter movement could be an opportunity to address structural inequalities in India’s own public health system.

Inequality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Moller ◽  
Joya Misra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

Social policy plays a central role in redistributing resources to ensure greater equality or at least increased opportunities for members of disadvantaged groups. This essay considers how the U.S. welfare state redistributes incomes through social policies, while reinforcing other forms of stratification. The essay begins by comparing inequality in the United States to other advanced industrialized countries, and shows that the level of income inequality is higher in the United States than in most of these nations. It then presents data on inequality in the United States by race and gender. Finally, it discusses how specific policies alter levels of inequality by redistributing income or institutionalizing sources of income inequality. In general, U.S. social policies help to reduce inequality, but they have limited effectiveness, particularly in comparison to other advanced industrialized countries, in reducing inequality by race, class, gender, and family structure.

Pocket Political Education: A New Tool from United for a Fair Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Riahl O’Malley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Black Family ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Education ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
White Families ◽  
Working People ◽  
And Gender

At the time of this writing, the richest 1 percent owns nearly 40 percent of private wealth in the United States. The bottom 50 percent owns just 1 percent of that same pie. Meanwhile, the median black family owns just ten cents for every dollar of wealth owned by white families. Women make up three-quarters of the low-wage workforce and 36 percent of low-wage workers are women of color. Thanks to movements like Occupy, Black Lives Matter, #MeToo, and the hard work of movement educators around the country, consciousness around economic, racial, and gender inequality is growing. And yet while more are aware these problems exist, few see the links between them or agree on how we can solve them. Pocket Political Education from United for a Fair Economy supports interactive dialogue that helps working people connect the dots between economic, racial, and gender inequality to inform their strategic action for change. The tool is highly adaptable so that organizers and educators working in diverse contexts can create spaces for consciousness-raising that move people and groups to action.

Distribution of General Surgery Residencies in the United States and Gender Inequality: Are We There Yet?

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Elkbuli ◽  
Raed Ismail Narvel ◽  
Brianna Dowd ◽  
Mark McKenney ◽  
Dessy Boneva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Growing Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in the Chicago Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Janet L. Smith ◽  
Zafer Sonmez ◽  
Nicholas Zettel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Us Census

AbstractIncome inequality in the United States has been growing since the 1980s and is particularly noticeable in large urban areas like the Chicago metro region. While not as high as New York or Los Angeles, the Gini Coefficient for the Chicago metro area (.48) was the same as the United States in 2015 but rising at a faster rate, suggesting it will surpass the US national level in 2020. This chapter examines the Chicago region’s growing income inequality since 1980 using US Census data collected in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, focusing on where people live based on occupation as well as income. When mapped out, the data shows a city and region that is becoming more segregated by occupation and income as it becomes both richer and poorer. A result is a shrinking number of middle-class and mixed neighbourhoods. The resulting patterns of socioeconomic spatial segregation also align with patterns of racial/ethnic segregation attributed to historical housing development and market segmentation, as well as recent efforts to advance Chicago as a global city through tourism and real estate development.

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