scholarly journals Latino Migrant Victims of Crime: Safe Reporting for Victims With Irregular Status in the United States and Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422199677
Author(s):  
Nicola Delvino ◽  
Markus González Beilfuss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Fear Of Deportation ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Criminal Legislation

In both the United States and Spain, Latino migrants are disproportionately exposed to crime victimization. Among them, those with irregular status are scared to report crime to the police out of the fear of deportation. This article explores how national legislation and local policies in the United States and Spain regulate the possibility of irregular migrants who are victims of crime to interact with the police. We analyze the interplay between immigration and criminal legislation and enforcement structures in the United States and Spain to define whether deportation is a real or perceived risk for victims reporting crime. We identify opportunities for “safe reporting of crime,” and we look at how policy responses in the two countries compare. We find that national legislation in both countries introduced measures aimed at allowing safe interactions between migrant victims and the police. Additionally, in the United States, cities also adopted local “safe reporting” policies. However, despite these existing measures, opportunities for safe reporting remain limited in both countries. We conclude with a discussion on lessons that legislators in the United States and Spain could learn from each other to improve the reporting of crime from victims with irregular status.

scholarly journals Firm Size and Employment during the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312199260
Author(s):  
Ken-Hou Lin ◽  
Carolina Aragão ◽  
Guillermo Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Industrial Context

Previous studies have established that firm size is associated with a wage premium, but the wage premium has declined in recent decades. The authors examine the risk for unemployment by firm size during the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in the United States. Using both yearly and state-month variation, the authors find greater excess unemployment among workers in small enterprises than among those in larger firms. The gaps cannot be entirely attributed to the sorting of workers or to industrial context. The firm size advantage is most pronounced in sectors with high remotability but reverses in the sectors most affected by the pandemic. Overall, these findings suggest that firm size is linked to greater job security and that the pandemic may have accelerated prior trends regarding product and labor market concentration. They also point out that the initial policy responses did not provide sufficient protection for workers in small and medium-sized businesses.

Impacts of Social Distancing on Pedestrian Behavior and Risk Perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1306
Author(s):  
Kyra B. Phillips ◽  
Kelly N. Byrne ◽  
Branden S. Kolarik ◽  
Audra K. Krake ◽  
Young C. Bui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Pedestrian Behavior ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Over Time

Since COVID-19 transmission accelerated in the United States in March 2020, guidelines have recommended that individuals wear masks and limit close contact by remaining at least six feet away from others, even while outdoors. Such behavior is important to help slow the spread of the global pandemic; however, it may require pedestrians to make critical decisions about entering a roadway in order to avoid others, potentially creating hazardous situations for both themselves and for drivers. In this survey study, we found that while overall patterns of self-reported pedestrian activity remained largely consistent over time, participants indicated increased willingness to enter active roadways when encountering unmasked pedestrians since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Participants also rated the risks of encountering unmasked pedestrians as greater than those associated with entering a street, though the perceived risk of passing an unmasked pedestrian on the sidewalk decreased over time.

Determinants of perceived risk and liability concerns associated with prescribed burning in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Joshi ◽  
Neelam C. Poudyal ◽  
John R. Weir ◽  
Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ◽  
Thomas O. Ochuodho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals ‘Islamophobia Kills’. But Where Does it Come From?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Scott Poynting
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Islamist Terrorism

This paper examines the global provenance of Australian Islamophobia in the light of the Christchurch massacre perpetrated by a white-supremacist Australian. Anti-Muslim racism in Australia came with British imperialism in the nineteenth century. Contemporary Islamophobia in Australia operates as part of a successor empire, the United States-led ‘Empire of Capital’. Anti-Muslim stories, rumours, campaigns and prejudices are launched from Australia into global circulation. For example, the spate of group sexual assaults in Sydney over 2000–2001 were internationally reported as ‘ethnic gang rapes’. The handful of Australian recruits to, and supporters of, IS, is recounted in the dominant narrative as part of a story propagated in both the United Kingdom and Australia about Islamist terrorism, along with policy responses ostensibly aimed at countering violent extremism and targeting Muslims for surveillance and intervening to effect approved forms of ‘integration’.  

scholarly journals Perceived Risk of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in the Continental United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Saul Lozano ◽  
Jonathan Day ◽  
Lilyana Ortega ◽  
Maggie Silver ◽  
Roxanne Connelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
News Media ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Use Of Resources

The United States experienced local transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) for the first time in 1999, and Zika Virus (ZIKV) in 2016. These introductions captured the public’s attention in varying degrees. The research presented here analyzes the disproportional perception of ZIKV risk compared to WNV transmission risk, by the public and vector control personnel. The risk perception of vector control was measured through purposive sampled interviews (24 interviews in 13 states; May 2020–June 2021), while the public’s perception was estimated from news publications (January 2000–December 2020), and Google searches (January 2004–December 2020). Over time, we observed a decrease in the frequency of press reporting and Google searches of both viruses with decreasing annual peaks in the summer. The highest peak of ZIKV news, and searches, surpassed that of WNV. We observed clear differences in the contents of the headlines for both viruses. We propose that the main reason in risk perception differences between the viruses were psychological. Zika infections (mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted) can result in devastating symptoms in fetuses and newborns, observations that frequently appeared in ZIKV-related headlines. Our results highlight the likely influence the news media has on risk perception and the need for public health agencies to play active roles in the conversation, helping disseminate timely and accurate information. Understanding the factors that shape risk perceptions of vector-borne diseases will hopefully lead to better use of resources by providing better guidance.

Using Citizen Surveys to Produce Information on the Police: The Present and Potential Uses of the National Crime Victimization Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Crime Victimization Survey ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Victimization Survey ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a major source of nationally representative data on crime and the response to crime in the United States. The survey's potential to add to our understanding of crime and criminal justice issues has not been fully exploited, however. One of the areas where more effective use could be made of the information gathered by the survey is policing. This paper suggests how the NCVS can more fully realize its potential for informing issues pertaining to the police.

A Cross-National Comparison of Victims of Crime: Victim Surveys of Twelve Countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Block
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
Sampling Methodology ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Victimization Surveys ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Cross National

Comparison of national crime surveys must be made very cautiously because of differences in sampling, methodology and content. In this report methodological differences between the United States' National Crime Survey and victimization surveys of other countries are examined and survey estimates of victimization are adjusted. It is found that U.S. rates of assault/threat, robbery, and burglary are not extraordinarily higher than those of other eleven other countries or regions. However, U.S. levels of gun use are much higher and U.S. levels of both gun and non-gun lethal violence (using Killias, 1990) far exceed those of other industrialized societies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document