Cytokeratin Patterns of Normal Middle Ear Epithelia in Humans, Cats, and Chinchillas

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Sano ◽  
Shin-Ichi Haruna ◽  
Patricia A. Schachern ◽  
Michael M. Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
External Canal ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

We describe the cytokeratin patterns of epithelia from the tympanic orifice, tympanic cavity, and mastoid cavity of humans, cats, and chinchillas, and compare these findings with those of tracheal epithelium and external canal epidermis. Our findings are as follows: 1) middle ear epithelium from all locations demonstrates some type of cytokeratin staining, 2) broad-spectrum cytokeratin antibodies stain epithelia of middle ear cleft, tracheal epithelium, and external canal epidermis in all species, 3) specific cytokeratin antibodies reveal species-related differences in middle ear and tracheal epithelia, 4) middle ear and tracheal epithelia usually have the same pattern, and 5) none of the monospecific cytokeratin antibodies have a positive reaction with external canal epidermis. These findings suggest that the cytokeratin patterns of middle ear epithelium are useful in studying the hyperplastic and metaplastic changes in otitis media; however, caution must be exercised when making interspecies comparisons.

S224 – Efficacy of Long Silastic Sheet in COM Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P150-P150
Author(s):  
Hyong-Ho Cho ◽  
Hyun-Seok Choi ◽  
Chul-Ho Jang ◽  
Yong-Bum Cho
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Hearing Result ◽  
Staged Operation ◽  
Canal Wall Up

Objectives To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for middle ear aeration in chronic otitis media surgery. Methods Between January 2003 and May 2007, 46 patients underwent planned staged canal wall up tympanomastoidetomy, because possibility of residual cholesteatoma and severe swelling middle ear mucosa, especially around the stapes. Long silastic sheet was inserted from mastoid cavity to middle ear via facial recess during operation procedure. To determine the effect of long silastic sheet for recovery of mastoid aeration, various factors such as computed tomography grading, Valsalva maneuver grading for Eustachian function, and hearing result were compared. Results During the average follow-up of 31 months, there was 1 recurred chronic otitis media which was revealed tuberculosis otitis media. Intact tympanic membrane was obtained in 45(97.8%) of 46 patients. In CT grading, middle ear aeration was increased significantly (p<0.05). Air-Bone gap was significantly decreased after staged operation, preoperative average ABG was 29.7dB and last average ABG was 21.0dB (p <0.05). But Eustachian function using Valsalva manerver was not significantly changed (p >0.05). Conclusions Long silastic sheet insertion from mastoid to middle ear is statistically effective for amelioration of middle ear and mastoid aeration after the first-stage operation.

scholarly journals OSSICULAR STATUS IN CHOLESTEATOMA : A DEPARTMENTAL EXPERIENCE IN A STATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WESTBENGAL.

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Somesh Mozumder ◽  
Arunabha Sengupta ◽  
Alok Ranjan Mondal ◽  
Soumik Basu
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Super Structure ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Chronic otitis media is a long standing infection of part or whole of middle ear cleft. Its active squamosal variant (cholesteatoma) is most dangerous due to its bone eroding property. Aims & Objective: Background knowledge of ossicular status in cholesteatoma  will help us in determining the type  of reconstruction needed during the surgery. Material & methods: 60 cases of cholesteama, irrespective of age and sex [diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination , audiological and radiological evaluation] were selected during the study period of two years and their ossicular status were recorded intra-operatively. Results &  analysis: Ossicles and their parts getting involved in cholesteatoma cases , in decreasing order are : Lenticular process (in total 50 cases)>Long process of incus (in total 49 cases) > stapes super-structure(in total 29 cases) > body of incus(in total 26 cases)> head of malleus(in total 23 cases)> handle of malleus(in total 10 cases). Ossicular chain  defeact in decreasing order are : M-I-S- > M+I-S- > M-I-S+ > M+I-S+. Conclusion: In our study it was found that incus is the most vulnerable ossicle to get involved in cases of active squamosal variety of chronic otitis media where as malleus appeared to be the least susceptible one.

Antibody Coated Bacteria in Otitis Media with Effusions

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bernstein ◽  
D. Myers ◽  
R. Nisengard ◽  
D. Kosinski ◽  
K. Wicher
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Corynebacterium Species ◽  
External Canal

The significance of bacterial isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium species in middle ear fluids remains controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of these organisms in different effusions. Cultures were obtained from the external cartilaginous ear, bony canal, tympanic membrane, middle ear fluids, tonsils and nasopharynx of 93 patients at the time of myringotomy for otitis media with effusion. Isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci from the middle ear, external ear and posterior aural skin were evaluated in regard to antibiotic sensitivity, biochemical tests and phage typing. Furthermore, in another series of patients in whom these organisms were isolated, specific antibody activity in both middle ear washings and corresponding sera were measured, using the technique of indirect immunofluorescence. The results suggest that the isolates from the middle ear and ear canal are not always identical. There is some evidence that specific IgM and IgG as well as IgA responses to these organisms are present in middle ear washings and not in corresponding serum. These results suggest that coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium species in middle ear effusions may not be contaminants from the external canal and that a local immune response may be produced by these organisms. Whether or not these organisms represent etiologic agents responsible for otitis media with effusion cannot be ascertained from this data. One very interesting point is the presence of IgE coating of organisms in some effusions.

OTITIS MEDIA IN THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dixon Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Infants And Children

In this study cultures of middle ear exudate were obtained from 267 cases of otitis media in infants and children. Pneumococci were found in 34.5%, Hemophilus influenzae in 27%, Group A beta hemolytic streptococci in 1.9%, and pneumococci mixed with hemophilus influenzae in 2.8%. Neisseria, probably Neisseria catarrhalis, were grown in pure culture in 5.2%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hemolyticus (coagulase positive), and Escherichia coli were found in isolated cases. The remaining 27.7% were sterile, these usually being from chronic exudative (secretory) otitis media cases. The incidence of Hemophilus influenzae otitis media found in this study is higher than that reported in previous studies. The finding of Neisseria catarrhalis in exudate from otitis media has been reported only by Gronroos, et al., and observation of the organisms in an intracellular state was not reported. Examination of exudate obtained from recurrences or relapses of acute exudative otitis media often reveals a different organism from that found in previous infections; one cannot assume that an apparent relapse is due to the same organism cultured previously. Most cases of otitis media occur in infants who cannot localize their symptoms, and diagnosis requires careful examination of the ears. Adequate bacteriological studies of exudate from the tympanic cavity require uncontaminated specimens which are best obtained with an apparatus using a needle attached to a collecting trap and a source of negative pressure.

scholarly journals The recovery of middle ear and mastoid cavity using T-tube in adhesive otitis media

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (S3) ◽  
pp. S183-S183
Author(s):  
Jae-hoon Jung ◽  
Il-Woo Lee ◽  
Seok-hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Adhesive Otitis Media

scholarly journals Cochlear implantation in the presence of chronic suppurative otitis media

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Axon ◽  
D. J. Mawman ◽  
T. Upile ◽  
R. T. Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Temporalis Muscle Flap ◽  
Blind Sac Closure

AbstractNine patients are presented who underwent cochlear implantation in the presence of chronic suppurative otitis media. Four had a simple tympanic membrane perforation, four had a pre-existing mastoid cavity and one had cholesteatoma in the ear chosen for implantation. Patients with a simple perforation had a staged procedure with myringoplasty followed by cochlear implantation after an interval of three months. Patients with cholesteatoma or with an unstable mastoid cavity were also staged. A mastoidectomy or revision mastoidectomy was performed with obliteration of the middle ear and mastoid using a superiorly pedicled temporalis muscle flap and blind sac closure of the external meatal skin. After a further six months a second stage procedure was performed to confirm that the middle-ear cleft was healthyand to insert the implant. Patients presenting with a stable mastoid cavity underwent obliteration of the cavity and implantation of the electrode as a one-staged procedure. To date there have been no serious problems such as graft breakdown, recurrence of disease or implant extrusion, and all patients are performing well.

Biological Mediators of Inflammation in Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel M. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chemotactic Factor ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Four biological mediators of inflammation have been found in middle ear effusions from patients with otitis media with effusion. They are chemotactic factor(s), macrophage inhibition factor(s), activated complement and prostaglandins. The potential role of these mediators has been discussed in relation to their potential for maintaining inflammation in the middle ear cleft after Eustachian tube dysfunction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Virulence of aStreptococcus pneumoniae Neuraminidase-Deficient Mutant in Nasopharyngeal Colonization and Development of Otitis Media in the Chinchilla Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Tong ◽  
L. E. Blue ◽  
M. A. James ◽  
T. F. DeMaria
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Relative Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

ABSTRACT Considerable evidence has implicated Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase in the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM); however, its exact role has not been conclusively established. Recently, an S. pneumoniae neuraminidase-deficient mutant, ΔNA1, has been constructed by insertion-duplication mutagenesis of the nanA gene of S. pneumoniae strain D39. The relative ability of ΔNA1 and the D39 parent strain to colonize the nasopharynx and to induce OM subsequent to intranasal inoculation and to survive in the middle ear cleft after direct challenge of the middle ear were evaluated in the chinchilla model. Nasopharyngeal colonization data indicate a significant difference in the ability of the ΔNA1 mutant to colonize as well as to persist in the nasopharynx. The neuraminidase-deficient mutant was eliminated from the nasopharynx 2 weeks earlier than the D39 parent strain. Both the parent and the mutant exhibited similar virulence levels and kinetics during the first week after direct inoculation of the middle ear. The ΔNA1 neuraminidase-deficient mutant, however, was then completely eliminated from the middle ear by day 10 postchallenge, 11 days before the D39 parent strain. Data from this study indicate that products of thenanA gene have an impact on the ability of S. pneumoniae to colonize and persist in the nasopharynx as well as the middle ear.

Studies on the production of middle-ear effusion in the experimental animal

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamsheed A. Khan ◽  
John C. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Tube Obstruction ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Entire Procedure

AbstractMiddle-ear effusions have been produced following eustachian tube obstruction in guinea pigs. This was achieved by plugging the pharyngeal orifice of the tube by an atraumatic lateral transpalatal incision. General anaesthesia was used throughout the entire procedure. The presence of fluid in the middle-ear cavity was determined by observing:(a) The appearance of pallor of the drum.(b) Retraction of the tympanic membrance.(c) Cloudiness of the tympanic bullae on radiographs obtained at weekly intervals, confirmed by:(d) Subsequent myringotomy.Serial smears of the induced effusions showed an absence of chronic inflammatory cells except in the case of one animal which developed bacterial otitis media. The presence of secretory cells was demonstrated in the actual epithelial layer and lamina propria but no discrete glands were found. Squamous metaplasia of the lining of the middle-ear cleft was noted. The fluid from the tympanic cavity appeared watery, faintly turbid and non-mucoid, and resembled the serious type of effusion found in man.

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