State-Dependent Laryngomalacia

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan R. Amin ◽  
Glenn Isaacson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Inspiratory Stridor ◽  
Awake State ◽  
Flexible Laryngoscopy ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Laryngeal Inlet ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Condition State

We have observed 5 infants who demonstrate normal breathing when awake, but develop stridor while asleep. Flexible laryngoscopy in the awake state reveals either a normal larynx or redundancy of the aryepiglottic folds or arytenoid soft tissue without prolapse into the laryngeal inlet. When these children are sedated, however, the classic signs of laryngomalacia appear. Wet inspiratory stridor with concomitant supraglottic prolapse can be demonstrated by flexible videolaryngoscopy in this state. As these findings vary with level of consciousness, we have dubbed this condition “state-dependent” laryngomalacia. We believe the appearance and disappearance of classic laryngomalacia with changes in level of consciousness adds credence to the neurogenic theory of laryngomalacia.

State-dependent parasitism by a facultative parasite of fruit flies

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIEN T. LUONG ◽  
TAYLOR BROPHY ◽  
EMILY STOLZ ◽  
SOLOMON J. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Host Condition ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Facultative Parasite ◽  
Condition State

SUMMARYParasites can evolve phenotypically plastic strategies for transmission such that a single genotype can give rise to a range of phenotypes depending on the environmental condition. State-dependent plasticity in particular can arise from individual differences in the parasite's internal state or the condition of the host. Facultative parasites serve as ideal model systems for investigating state-dependent plasticity because individuals can exhibit two life history strategies (free-living or parasitic) depending on the environment. Here, we experimentally show that the ectoparasitic mite Macrocheles subbadius is more likely to parasitize a fruit fly host if the female mite is mated; furthermore, the propensity to infect increased with the level of starvation experienced by the mite. Host condition also played an important role; hosts infected with moderate mite loads were more likely to gain additional infections in pairwise choice tests than uninfected flies. We also found that mites preferentially infected flies subjected to mechanical injury over uninjured flies. These results suggest that a facultative parasite's propensity to infect a host (i.e. switch from a free-living strategy) depends on both the parasite's internal state and host condition. Parasites often live in highly variable and changing environments, an infection strategy that is plastic is likely to be adaptive.

Evidence of state-dependent interhemispheric relationships in lizard EEG during the awake state

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pereda ◽  
A. Gamundi ◽  
M.C. Nicolau ◽  
L. De Vera ◽  
J.J. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Awake State ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Interhemispheric Relationships

Leeches in the larynx

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 980-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monther H. Labadi ◽  
Musa N. Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Indirect Laryngoscopy ◽  
Inspiratory Stridor ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThis is a report of two patients with leech inhalation. The first patient presented with severe attacks of inspiratory stridor, cyanosis and cough of five days duration. He had no fever. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a black, smooth foreign body between the vocal folds. Lateral soft tissue X-ray of the neck revealed shadow involving the glottic and the subglottic areas of the larynx. Laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia showed a living leech. This was removed and the patient improved.The second patient presented with difficulty of breathing, dysphagia, and spitting of blood of two weeks duration. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a brown foreign body in the larynx. Laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia showed a living leech. This was removed by forceps.

Localization of Gallium-67 in Peritoneal Cells by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
Norma L. Idoyaga-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Gallium 67

The radionuclide gallium-67 (67Ga) localizes preferentially but not specifically in many human and experimental soft-tissue tumors. Because of this localization, 67Ga is used in clinical trials to detect humar. cancers by external scintiscanning methods. However, the fact that 67Ga does not localize specifically in tumors requires for its eventual clinical usefulness a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that control its deposition in both malignant and normal cells. We have previously reported that 67Ga localizes in lysosomal-like bodies, notably, although not exclusively, in macrophages of the spocytaneous AKR thymoma. Further studies on the uptake of 67Ga by macrophages are needed to determine whether there are factors related to malignancy that might alter the localization of 67Ga in these cells and thus provide clues to discovering the mechanism of 67Ga localization in tumor tissue.

Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. P. Brunschwig ◽  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
R. Mirkovic ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Embryo Cells

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document