Cultural diversity in physical diseases among patients with mental illnesses

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens I Larsen ◽  
Ulla A Andersen ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Graziella G Bickel ◽  
Bernhard Bork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Objective: People with psychiatric diseases have a severely increased risk for physical morbidity and premature death from physical diseases. The aims of the study were to investigate the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes (DM) and obesity in schizophrenia and depression in three different geographical areas – Asia (Japan), Africa (Nigeria) and Western Europe (Switzerland, Germany and Denmark) – and to search for possible transcultural differences in these correlations, which would also reflect the differences between low-income areas in Africa (Nigeria) and high-income areas in Europe and Japan. Method: Patients with International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) F2 diseases (schizophrenia spectrum disorders) and F3 diseases (affective disorders) admitted to one Nigerian, one Japanese, two Swiss, two German and six Danish centres during 1 year were included. Physical diseases in accordance with ICD-10 were also registered. Psychiatric and physical comorbidity were calculated and standardized rate ratio incidences of background populations were our primary measures. Results: Incidence rate ratios were increased for both CVD, DM and overweight in both F2 and F3 in all cultures (Western Europe, Nigeria and Japan) within the same ranges (however, the Japanese results should be interpreted conservatively owing to the limited sample size). Overweight among the mentally ill were marked in Nigeria. A parallelism of the incidence of overweight, CVD and diabetes with the occurrence in background populations was seen and was most marked in overweight. Conclusions: Overweight, CVD and DM were increased in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective disorders in all three cultures investigated (Western Europe, Nigeria and Japan). Lifestyle diseases were also seen in Nigeria and Japan. The results from this study indicate that cultural background might be seen as an important factor in dealing with lifestyle diseases among people with a severe mental illness, as it is in the general population.

Sleep and cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carruthers ◽  
Gemma Brunetti ◽  
Susan Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep And Cognition ◽  
The Relationship

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are chronic and debilitating mental illnesses characterised by both cognitive impairments and sleep deficits. In this systematic review protocol, we outline an approach to examine the available literature investigating the relationship between sleep and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals How do ethnicity and deprivation impact on life expectancy at birth in people with serious mental illness? Observational study in the UK

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jayati Das-Munshi ◽  
Chin-Kuo Chang ◽  
Alex Dregan ◽  
Stephani L. Hatch ◽  
Craig Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background Across international contexts, people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) experience marked reductions in life expectancy at birth. The intersection of ethnicity and social deprivation on life expectancy in SMI is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ethnicity and area-level deprivation on life expectancy at birth in SMI, defined as schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and depression, using data from London, UK. Methods Abridged life tables to calculate life expectancy at birth, in a cohort with clinician-ascribed ICD-10 schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders or depression, managed in secondary mental healthcare. Life expectancy in the study population with SMI was compared with life expectancy in the general population and with those residing in the most deprived areas in England. Results Irrespective of ethnicity, people with SMI experienced marked reductions in life expectancy at birth compared with the general population; from 14.5 years loss in men with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders, to 13.2 years in women. Similar reductions were noted for people with depression. Across all diagnoses, life expectancy at birth in people with SMI was lower than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England. Conclusions Irrespective of ethnicity, reductions in life expectancy at birth among people with SMI are worse than the general population residing in the most deprived areas in England. This trend in people with SMI is similar to groups who experience extreme social exclusion and marginalisation. Evidence-based interventions to tackle this mortality gap need to take this into account.

scholarly journals Clozapine treatment and risk of COVID-19 infection: retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risha Govind ◽  
Daniela Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Megan Pritchard ◽  
Richard D. Hayes ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Records

Background Clozapine, an antipsychotic with unique efficacy in treatment-resistant psychosis, is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, including pneumonia. Aims To investigate associations between clozapine treatment and increased risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who are receiving antipsychotic medications in a geographically defined population in London, UK. Method Using information from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) clinical records, via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system, we identified 6309 individuals who had an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and were taking antipsychotics at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic onset in the UK. People who were on clozapine treatment were compared with those on any other antipsychotic treatment for risk of contracting COVID-19 between 1 March and 18 May 2020. We tested associations between clozapine treatment and COVID-19 infection, adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and SLAM service use. Results Of 6309 participants, 102 tested positive for COVID-19. Individuals who were on clozapine had increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared with those who were on other antipsychotic medication (unadjusted hazard ratio HR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.73–3.96), which was attenuated after adjusting for potential confounders, including clinical contact (adjusted HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.72). Conclusions These findings provide support for the hypothesis that clozapine treatment is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further research will be needed in other samples to confirm this association. Potential clinical implications are discussed.

A systematic review of yoga and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Implications for recreational therapy practitioners

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Emilie V. Adams, MS, CTRS, C-IAYT ◽  
Jasmine Townsend, PhD, CTRS
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Recreation Therapy ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Skills Deficits

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are a group of mental illnesses characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought; they are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, social skills deficits, and low volition. This article reviews the extant literature on the efficacy of using yoga as an adjunct therapy to supplement standard pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment and management of SSD. The 16 studies reviewed indicate yoga may be an effective intervention for increasing global cognitive functioning, decreasing psychotic symptoms, and improving quality of life for clients with SSD. Recommendations for integration of yoga into a Recreation Therapy program are outlined.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Kuusimäki ◽  
Haidar Al‐Abdulrasul ◽  
Samu Kurki ◽  
Jarmo Hietala ◽  
Sirpa Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN PERSONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 775-780
Author(s):  
Nana Zavradashvili MD ◽  
◽  
Otar Toidze MD , PhD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

Study of the relationship between mental disorder and violent behavior is critical both from a public health perspective and for the proper planning and development of mental health services.However, the complex contribution of clinical, historical and environmental risk factors for violence in persons with schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and social risk factors for violence in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) using a case-control design. Cases were defined as patients with SSD who had committed at least one act of offence in the past (94 patients wereenrolled from forensic psychiatricward). Controls were genderand age matched patients with SSD who had never committed violent acts (106 patients from general psychiatric services).A standard set of instruments was used to assess patients exposure to a variety of risk factors. Data were collected through patient interviews and medical records.Study results showed, that increased risk of violence was associated with severity of positive psychotic symptoms, diagnosis of delusional disorder, irregular or no contacts with mental health services. Significant risk factors for serious violent acts were associated with comorbid alcohol misuse, impulsivity,persecutory delusions,decreased emotional responseand unsatisfactory living environment. Study confirmed that the interaction of social andclinicalfactorswith treatment related factors played an important role as determinants of violence. These factors should be the focus of treatment and management of patients with SSD to prevent violent behavior.

scholarly journals Predictors of suicide attempts in 3.322 patients with affective disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Gallego ◽  
Vivekananda Rachamallu ◽  
Eunice Y. Yuen ◽  
Sabina Fink ◽  
Laura M. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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