Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene and increased risk for the depressive symptom-dimension in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 124B (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Rosa ◽  
Victor Peralta ◽  
Sergi Papiol ◽  
Manuel J. Cuesta ◽  
Fermín Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Symptom Dimension ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Clozapine treatment and risk of COVID-19 infection: retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risha Govind ◽  
Daniela Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Megan Pritchard ◽  
Richard D. Hayes ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Records

Background Clozapine, an antipsychotic with unique efficacy in treatment-resistant psychosis, is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, including pneumonia. Aims To investigate associations between clozapine treatment and increased risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who are receiving antipsychotic medications in a geographically defined population in London, UK. Method Using information from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) clinical records, via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system, we identified 6309 individuals who had an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and were taking antipsychotics at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic onset in the UK. People who were on clozapine treatment were compared with those on any other antipsychotic treatment for risk of contracting COVID-19 between 1 March and 18 May 2020. We tested associations between clozapine treatment and COVID-19 infection, adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and SLAM service use. Results Of 6309 participants, 102 tested positive for COVID-19. Individuals who were on clozapine had increased risk of COVID-19 infection compared with those who were on other antipsychotic medication (unadjusted hazard ratio HR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.73–3.96), which was attenuated after adjusting for potential confounders, including clinical contact (adjusted HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.72). Conclusions These findings provide support for the hypothesis that clozapine treatment is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further research will be needed in other samples to confirm this association. Potential clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Kuusimäki ◽  
Haidar Al‐Abdulrasul ◽  
Samu Kurki ◽  
Jarmo Hietala ◽  
Sirpa Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN PERSONS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 775-780
Author(s):  
Nana Zavradashvili MD ◽  
◽  
Otar Toidze MD , PhD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

Study of the relationship between mental disorder and violent behavior is critical both from a public health perspective and for the proper planning and development of mental health services.However, the complex contribution of clinical, historical and environmental risk factors for violence in persons with schizophrenia remains unclear. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and social risk factors for violence in patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) using a case-control design. Cases were defined as patients with SSD who had committed at least one act of offence in the past (94 patients wereenrolled from forensic psychiatricward). Controls were genderand age matched patients with SSD who had never committed violent acts (106 patients from general psychiatric services).A standard set of instruments was used to assess patients exposure to a variety of risk factors. Data were collected through patient interviews and medical records.Study results showed, that increased risk of violence was associated with severity of positive psychotic symptoms, diagnosis of delusional disorder, irregular or no contacts with mental health services. Significant risk factors for serious violent acts were associated with comorbid alcohol misuse, impulsivity,persecutory delusions,decreased emotional responseand unsatisfactory living environment. Study confirmed that the interaction of social andclinicalfactorswith treatment related factors played an important role as determinants of violence. These factors should be the focus of treatment and management of patients with SSD to prevent violent behavior.

scholarly journals Cannabis-induced psychosis and subsequent schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: follow-up study of 535 incident cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Arendt ◽  
Raben Rosenberg ◽  
Leslie Foldager ◽  
Gurli Perto ◽  
Povl Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Incident Cases

BackgroundFew studies have examined samples of people with cannabis-induced psychotic symptoms.AimsTo establish whether cannabis-induced psychotic disorders are followed by development of persistent psychotic conditions, and the timing of their onset.MethodData on patients treated for cannabis-induced psychotic symptoms between 1994 and 1999 were extracted from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Those previously treated for any psychotic symptoms were excluded. The remaining 535 patients were followed for at least 3 years. In a separate analysis, the sample was compared with people referred for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders for the first time, but who had no history of cannabis-induced psychosis.ResultsSchizophrenia-spectrum disorders were diagnosed in 44.5% of the sample. New psychotic episodes of any type were diagnosed in 77.2%. Male gender and young age were associated with increased risk. Development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders was often delayed, and 47.1% of patients received a diagnosis more than a year after seeking treatment for a cannabis-induced psychosis. The patients developed schizophrenia at an earlier age than people in the comparison group (males, 24.6 v. 30.7 years, females, 28.9 v. 33.1 years).ConclusionsCannabis-induced psychotic disorders are of great clinical and prognostic importance.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc De Hert ◽  
Victor Mazereel ◽  
Marc Stroobants ◽  
Livia De Picker ◽  
Kristof Van Assche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Related Mortality

Background: Increasing clinical evidence suggests that people with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19. Several systematic reviews examining the association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19-related mortality have recently been published. Although these reviews have been conducted thoroughly, certain methodological limitations may hinder the accuracy of their research findings.Methods: A systematic literature search, using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases (from inception to July 23, 2021), was conducted for observational studies assessing the risk of death associated with COVID-19 infection in adult patients with pre-existing schizophrenia spectrum disorders, BD, or MDD. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results: Of 1,446 records screened, 13 articles investigating the rates of death in patients with pre-existing SMI were included in this systematic review. Quality assessment scores of the included studies ranged from moderate to high. Most results seem to indicate that patients with SMI, particularly patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, are at significantly higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality, as compared to patients without SMI. However, the extent of the variation in COVID-19-related mortality rates between studies including people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders was large because of a low level of precision of the estimated mortality outcome(s) in certain studies. Most studies on MDD and BD did not include specific information on the mood state or disease severity of patients. Due to a lack of data, it remains unknown to what extent patients with BD are at increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality. A variety of factors are likely to contribute to the increased mortality risk of COVID-19 in these patients. These include male sex, older age, somatic comorbidities (particularly cardiovascular diseases), as well as disease-specific characteristics.Conclusion: Methodological limitations hamper the accuracy of COVID-19-related mortality estimates for the main categories of SMIs. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that SMI is associated with excess COVID-19 mortality. Policy makers therefore must consider these vulnerable individuals as a high-risk group that should be given particular attention. This means that targeted interventions to maximize vaccination uptake among these patients are required to address the higher burden of COVID-19 infection in this already disadvantaged group.

scholarly journals Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Variables Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Using Second-Generation Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius H. Sneller ◽  
Nini de Boer ◽  
Sophie Everaars ◽  
Max Schuurmans ◽  
Sinan Guloksuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Individuals with severe mental illness experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. Adverse effects of antipsychotics, including weight gain, may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors associated with MetS among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using second-generation antipsychotics (SGA).Methods: A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Embase to identify all cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and clinical trials investigating associations with MetS in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using SGAs. We extracted and enumerated clinical, biochemical and genetic factors reported to be associated with MetS. We defined factors associated with MetS as factors being reported as associated with MetS in two or more studies.Results: 58 studies were included in this review (n = 12,123). In total, 62 factors were found to be associated with increased risk of MetS. Thirty one out of 58 studies investigated factors that were reported as associated with MetS in two or more studies. With regard to clinical factors, we found gender, higher age, concomitant use of mood stabilizers, higher baseline and current BMI, earlier SGA exposure, higher dose, longer duration of treatment, psychosis and tobacco smoking to be significantly associated with MetS. Furthermore, the biochemical factors hypo-adiponectinemia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and higher white blood cell (WBC) count were identified as factors associated with MetS. Among pharmacogenetic factors, the rs1414334 C-allele of the HTR2C-gene was associated with MetS in patients using SGA.Conclusion: In this systematic review investigating clinical, biochemical and genetic factors associated with MetS in patients using SGAs we found that higher age, higher baseline BMI, higher current BMI and male as well as female gender were positively associated with MetS across all antipsychotics. This study may set the stage for the application of clinical, biochemical and genetic factors to predict the risk of developing MetS in patients using SGAs. Future research is needed to determine which patients using SGAs are at risk to develop MetS in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients treated with Clozapine.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risha Govind ◽  
Daniela Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Megan Pritchard ◽  
Mizanur Khondoker ◽  
James T Teo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Care Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Related Hospitalisation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Records

Background Clozapine, an antipsychotic, is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with COVID-19, compared to other antipsychotics. Aims To investigate associations between clozapine treatment and increased risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19, namely COVID-related hospitalisation and intensive care treatment, and death, among patients taking antipsychotics with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Method Using data from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) clinical records, via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system, we identified 157 individuals who had an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, were taking antipsychotics at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, and had a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. The following health outcomes were measured: COVID-related hospitalisation, COVID-related intensive care treatment death. We tested associations between clozapine treatment and each outcome using logistic regression models, adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, neighbourhood deprivation, obesity, smoking status, diabetes, asthma, bronchitis and hypertension using propensity scores. Results In the 157 individuals who developed COVID while on antipsychotics, there were 44 COVID-related hospitalisations, 13 COVID-related intensive care treatments and 13 deaths of any cause during the follow-up period. In the unadjusted analysis, there was no significant association between clozapine and any of the outcomes and there remained no associations following adjusting for the confounding variables. Conclusions In our sample of patients with COVID-19 and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, we found no evidence that clozapine treatment puts patients at increased risk of hospitalisation, intensive care treatment or death, compared to any other antipsychotic treatment. However, further research should be considered in larger samples to confirm this.

Victimization of Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Fitzgerald ◽  
A. R. De Castella ◽  
K. M. Filia ◽  
S. L. Filia ◽  
J. Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: Previous research has predominately focused on patients with mental illness as the instigators, rather than the victims, of violence and criminal activity. However, patients with schizophrenia appear to experience a higher degree of victimization compared to general community samples. We aimed to establish the 1-month prevalence of violent and non-violent victimization in a sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and to investigate the determinants of victimization. Method: Reports of violent and non-violent victimization were recorded in 348 patients in Dandenong, an outer metropolitan suburb of Melbourne, Australia along with the subjective perception of patients as to their degree of protection from being robbed or attacked. Patients reporting victimization were compared with those who did not, across a range of clinical and psychosocial variables. Results: 11.2% of the sample reported being the victim of non-violent crime and 4.3% the victim of violent crime in the 1-month period. 23.2% reported dissatisfaction with their protection against being attacked or robbed. The major determinant of victimization was the lack of any meaningful daily activity. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at increased risk of victimization, both of the violent and non-violent type. Further research is required to understand the pathways through which victimization occurs and to understand whether psychosocial interventions can reduce victimization in this patient population.

scholarly journals Clozapine treatment and risk of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risha Govind ◽  
Daniela Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Megan Pritchard ◽  
Richard D. Hayes ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Clinical Records

ABSTRACTBackgroundClozapine, an antipsychotic with unique efficacy in treatment resistant psychosis, is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, including pneumonia.AimsTo investigate associations between clozapine treatment and increased risk of COVID-19 in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who are receiving antipsychotic medications, using electronic health records data, in a geographically defined population in London.MethodUsing information from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLAM) clinical records, via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system, we identified 6,309 individuals who had an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and were taking antipsychotics at the time on the COVID-19 pandemic onset in the UK. People who were on clozapine treatment were compared with those on any other antipsychotic treatment for risk of contracting COVID-19 between 1 March and 18 May 2020. We tested associations between clozapine treatment and COVID-19 infection, adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, and SLAM service use.ResultsOf 6,309 patients, 102 tested positive for COVID-19. Individuals who were on clozapine had increased risk of COVID-19 compared with those who were on other antipsychotic medication (unadjusted HR = 2.62 (95% CI 1.73 - 3.96), which was attenuated after adjusting for potential confounders, including clinical contact (adjusted hazard ratio HR=1.76, 95% CI 1.14 - 2.72).ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the hypothesis that clozapine treatment is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Further research will be needed in other samples to confirm this association. Potential clinical implications are discussed.

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