Time for Time: Uncovering Case Processing Duration as a Source of Punitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110077
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
R.R. Dunlea ◽  
Besiki Luka Kutateladze
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
To Receive

The literature on sentencing has devoted ample consideration to how prosecutors and judges incorporate priorities such as retribution and public safety into their decision making, typically using legal and extralegal characteristics as analytic proxies. In contrast, the role of case processing efficiency in determining punishment outcomes has garnered little attention. Using recent data from a large Florida jurisdiction, we examine the influence of case screening and disposition timeliness on sentence outcomes in felony cases. We find that lengthier case processing time is highly and positively associated with punitive outcomes at sentencing. The more time prosecutors spend on a case post-filing, the more likely defendants are to receive custodial sentences and longer sentences. Case screening time, although not affecting the imposition of custodial sentences, is also positively associated with sentence length. These findings are discussed through the lens of instrumental and expressive functions of punishment.

Beliefs and concerns African American (AA) and white (W) patients (pts) with breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to undergo chemotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9076-9076
Author(s):  
D. Smith ◽  
B. N. Polite ◽  
F. Hlubocky ◽  
S. Gehlert ◽  
C. K. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physician Trust ◽  
To Receive

9076 Background: AA have poorer stage-specific survival for breast, colon and lung cancer than whites and are also less likely to receive therapy for these cancers. This study seeks to explore the set of beliefs and concerns patients with primarily resected breast, lung, and colon cancer bring to bear on the decision to receive chemotherapy. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded by a non-physician, African-American interviewer on patients with colon, breast, and lung cancer referred to medical oncology for chemotherapy. Grounded theory methods were used to analyze and code the interview transcripts. Results: A total of 27 interviews were conducted (17AA, 10W) including pts with breast (5), colon (6) and lung cancer (16). All but 7 of the pts were referred for adjuvant therapy. Three major themes emerged: (1) Patient versus physician control in decision making; (2) Absolute trust in one's physician versus qualified trust; (3) Major role of God in the decision making process versus a partnership or minimal role of God. In terms of decision-making, roughly equal portions of AA and W (53% vs 54%) expressed a patient centered locus of control. In the area of trust, AA were less likely to express an absolute trust in their physicians (59% vs. 80%). Finally, with respect to the role of God, AA were more likely to express a major role of God for their cancer and treatment (41% vs. 7%). Very few pts viewed the opinion or advice of family or friends as important and while many expressed concerns about the side-effects of therapy, very few identified that as being an important factor in their decision to undergo therapy. Conclusions: Issues of locus of control, physician trust and the role of God were areas identified as important in the chemotherapy decision-making process and for which variability existed among the pts interviewed. Analysis of these interviews informed the incorporation of validated measures of decision-making, physician trust, and the role of God as a locus of control in an ongoing close-coded survey of a similar cancer population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PRIORITAS CALON PENERIMA BANTUAN PROGRAM INDONESIA PINTAR (PIP) PADA SISWA TINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE MOORA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laurensia Agustin Manik ◽  
Yani Maulita ◽  
Indah Ambarita
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
A Value ◽  
Parental Work ◽  
Moora Method ◽  
To Receive

Regarding assistance from the recipients of the Smart Indonesia Program (PIP) because there are so many prospective recipients of PIP assistance who volunteered to get the assistance, the process of delivering aid is sometimes not on target. Invalid data causes errors in the distribution of PIPs given to recipients who are entitled to receive them. Special Decision Support System (SPK) was built to support the solution of a problem or for an opportunity, one of the PIP aid recipient's approval in the Binjai City Education Office so that it is right on target for students who will get PIP assistance. The role of decision support systems is needed to improve the efficiency of decision making in determining students who are eligible for PIP assistance. The method used in this system uses the Multi-Objective Optimization method on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) and by using 7 (seven) criteria, namely family conditions, report card scores, parental work, number of dependents, number of dependents of children who attend school, home conditions and parents' income as well as 10 (ten) alternatives that are student data. Based on the results of calculations using the MOORA method, students on behalf of MM (A9) are the best alternative to be given PIP assistance with a value of 0.2843

Role of Clients, Lawyers, Judges, and Institutions in Hiking Litigation Costs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ummey Tahura
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract This paper investigates how individuals such as judges, lawyers, clients, and court staffers as well as institutions are elevating litigation costs in Bangladesh in multiple ways. It explores how the existing law and procedures as well as key institutions further promote case delay. It also examines the ways in which police departments and the prosecution contribute to elongate criminal trials and invite additional litigation costs. Empirical data collected through in-depth interviews are analyzed, drawing propositions to individuals’ contributions to delay in case-processing time and hike up litigation costs. Data analysis also assesses common people’s perceptions and expectations from the justice sector. Contemporary legal research has been critically analyzed, where needed.

The Use and Impact of Fast-Track Departures

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1624-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Tillyer ◽  
Richard Hartley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
District Level ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Federal Sentencing ◽  
Modeling Techniques

Fast-track programs allow prosecutors in authorized jurisdictions to expedite case processing for offenders charged with immigration violations. We explore whether disparities from fast-track usage exist by utilizing multilevel modeling techniques to analyze 2008 United States Sentencing Commission data on the federal sentencing of illegal entry defendants. Results indicate that the use of fast-track programs, the amount of sentence reduction applied in fast-track cases, and the overall sentence length is differentially impacted by various legal, extralegal, case processing, and district-level variables. These findings suggest some support for previous theoretical explanations for decision-making, but also indicate that these processes may differ slightly in the context of fast-track programs.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

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