Forced migration, human trafficking, and human security

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Navid Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

This article situates forced migration amid intersections of burgeoning human insecurities that force increasing numbers of people to leave their homes and become susceptible to exploitation. Drawing upon data on trafficking in Pakistan, the author argues that marginalized groups often go through multiple migrations that can include episodes of trafficking for sex, labor, or other purposes. The disjuncture between policies and realities on the ground, and the trend of current interventions do little to address the human security of these migrants. The article emphasizes that the human security frame provides a more nuanced human rights-based approach to analyze this form of migration and address the root causes and risks associated with the forced displacement of people.

scholarly journals The Prospect of ASEAN Migration Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Sylvia Yazid ◽  
Iyan Septiyana
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
Asean Member

ASEAN member countries are migrant-sending and receiving countries. Around 7.3 million ASEAN citizens are migrant workers, more than 740 thousand refugees are from Myanmar, and many ASEAN citizens are victims of human trafficking. Frequently, these migrants get discriminatory treatment, which makes them unable to fulfill their human rights. ASEAN, as a regional organization, is an actor that can implement migration governance in the region. As a governance institution, ASEAN has several migration instruments relating to human trafficking and migrant workers. To implement this regional instrument, ASEAN forms bodies that function to encourage and protect migrant rights. The Rohingya people from Myanmar still experiences forced migration and displacement. However, ASEAN still does not have a comprehensive instrument that can be a source of regional governance toward the issue. This paper will discuss the prospects of ASEAN migration governance in resolving migration issues in the region.

Human Trafficking, Human Rights and Women, Peace and Security: The Sound of Silence

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Gema Fernández Rodríguez de Liévana ◽  
Christine Chinkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Human Rights Regime ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

The chapter discusses the tension that exists between three separate UN agendas, those relating to CEDAW and WPS; the fight against trafficking in human beings; and the Security Council’s broader agenda for the maintenance of international peace and security. It considers in particular how the securitisation of WPS and human trafficking by the Security Council has diluted and fragmented the discourse of women’s human rights. It argues that as a form of gender-based violence, human trafficking is subject to the human rights regime that has evolved to combat such violence and that human rights mechanisms should be engaged to hold States responsible for their failure to exercise due diligence to prevent, protect against and prosecute those responsible – in the widest sense – for human trafficking. The incidence of human trafficking (as a form of gender-based violence) in armed conflict means that it comes naturally under the auspices of the WPS agenda. The Security Council’s silence in this regard constitutes of itself a form of violence that weakens the potential of the WPS agenda to bring structural transformation in post-conflict contexts. In agreement with the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children and cognisant of some of the downsides, we argue that ‘in order to ensure more efficient anti-trafficking responses, a human rights-based approach … should be mainstreamed into all pillars of the women and peace and security agenda’. In turn this would provide a new direction for the WPS agenda.

scholarly journals Human Trafficking – Between Punishable Human Rights Violations and Decriminalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-292
Author(s):  
Anja Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Opposite Tendency

The necessity of combating human trafficking is often justified by the violation of human rights of the victims of human trafficking. Criticism has, however, repeatedly been voiced that the victim-centred, human rights-based approach has not been consistently applied - because, in reality, state interests in effectively combating (organized) crime and securing borders against illegal migration take precedence. An opposite tendency criticizes the criminalization of human traffic on the grounds that human rights are not violated in every case within the definition of human trafficking, and criminalization is inappropriate in such cases. Furthermore, various parties point out that there is little empirical data on trafficking in human beings, and the available data is unreliable. This contribution aims to provide an overview of these issues and argue in favour of a nuanced examination of phenomena covered by the legal definition of human trafficking.

scholarly journals THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY 2014-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Victoria Advenita ◽  
Ningsih Susilawati ◽  
Andrea Kurnadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fundamental Objective

<p>Based on the fluctuating trend of human trafficking cases which is considered as still high in number, the Government of Indonesia should take serious action in combating these issues in Indonesia to protect the human rights of Indonesian citizens. The human security issue and actions taken by the Government of Indonesia will be the fundamental objective of this research. The theoretical framework used to analyze the issue in this study is the theory of Human Security, Role Theory, and the concept of Human Trafficking. To analyze the data, this study will use qualitative methods. The results show that the government has succeeded in managing several steps that are useful to increase awareness in cooperation and coordination between state institutions. The government has also kept the cooperation well with several foreign states and external parties to eradicate human trafficking not only in Indonesia but also in the international sphere.</p>

The Obligations of Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Victims of Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Ruth Shrimpling ◽  
Annelies Blondé
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Future Action ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract The emphasis on the prevention of the crime and the protection and assistance to victims of crime in international and European anti-trafficking instruments is a prominent example of the human rights-based approach to human trafficking. However, there is room for further improvement. This article reflects on the needs of trafficking victims in light of theoretical and practical implications of relevant international and European instruments with the aim of defining future action.

The Nexus Between Human-Rights-Based Approach and Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1213-1231
Author(s):  
Solomon Negussie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

The ultimate objective of intergovernmental transfer is to enable each level of government to respect, protect, and fulfill social, economic, cultural, and political rights. As a result, human rights should be embodied as a central element in government budget reflecting revenue allocation and expenditure priorities. However, the economic rationales may not be fulfilled due to tax collection inefficiency, a sense of “free-ridership,” or fiscal profligacy leading to regional development imbalances. Moreover, important principles embodied in human rights such as participation, accountability, and empowerment of marginalized groups could be sidelined. This chapter analyzes the conceptual and practical underpinnings of transfer programs in Ethiopia and the need to address human rights to achieve development in an integrated manner. The study further argues that the nexus between human-rights-based approach (HRBA) and fiscal transfers is compatible with a federal system in an effort to address regional development asymmetries.

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