scholarly journals Effect of Purification Procedures on DIF Analysis in IRTPRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. J. Fikis ◽  
T. C. Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
The Web

Purification of the test has been a well-accepted procedure in enhancing the performance of tests for differential item functioning (DIF). As defined by Lord, purification requires reestimation of ability parameters after removing DIF items before conducting the final DIF analysis. IRTPRO 3 is a recently updated program for analyses in item response theory, with built-in DIF tests but not purification procedures. A simulation study was conducted to investigate the effect of two new methods of purification. The results suggested that one of the purification procedures showed significantly improved power and Type I error. The procedure, which can be cumbersome by hand, can be easily applied by practitioners by using the web-based program developed for this study.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of DIF Tests in Multistage Tests for Continuous Covariates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Debelak ◽  
Dries Debeer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
Item Response Models ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Continuous Covariates ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Multistage Test

Multistage tests are a widely used and efficient type of test presentation that aims to provide accurate ability estimates while keeping the test relatively short. Multistage tests typically rely on the psychometric framework of item response theory. Violations of item response models and other assumptions underlying a multistage test, such as differential item functioning, can lead to inaccurate ability estimates and unfair measurements. There is a practical need for methods to detect problematic model violations to avoid these issues. This study compares and evaluates three methods for the detection of differential item functioning with regard to continuous person covariates in data from multistage tests: a linear logistic regression test and two adaptations of a recently proposed score-based DIF test. While all tests show a satisfactory Type I error rate, the score-based tests show greater power against three types of DIF effects.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of DIF Tests in Multistage Tests for Continuous Covariates

Psych ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-639
Author(s):  
Rudolf Debelak ◽  
Dries Debeer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
Item Response Models ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Continuous Covariates ◽  
Efficient Type ◽  
Multistage Test

Multistage tests are a widely used and efficient type of test presentation that aims to provide accurate ability estimates while keeping the test relatively short. Multistage tests typically rely on the psychometric framework of item response theory. Violations of item response models and other assumptions underlying a multistage test, such as differential item functioning, can lead to inaccurate ability estimates and unfair measurements. There is a practical need for methods to detect problematic model violations to avoid these issues. This study compares and evaluates three methods for the detection of differential item functioning with regard to continuous person covariates in data from multistage tests: a linear logistic regression test and two adaptations of a recently proposed score-based DIF test. While all tests show a satisfactory Type I error rate, the score-based tests show greater power against three types of DIF effects.

A Bifactor Multidimensional Item Response Theory Model for Differential Item Functioning Analysis on Testlet-Based Items

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 604-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Fukuhara ◽  
Akihito Kamata
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Multidimensional Item Response Theory ◽  
Multidimensional Item Response ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Item Functioning

A differential item functioning (DIF) detection method for testlet-based data was proposed and evaluated in this study. The proposed DIF model is an extension of a bifactor multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) model for testlets. Unlike traditional item response theory (IRT) DIF models, the proposed model takes testlet effects into account, thus estimating DIF magnitude appropriately when a test is composed of testlets. A fully Bayesian estimation method was adopted for parameter estimation. The recovery of parameters was evaluated for the proposed DIF model. Simulation results revealed that the proposed bifactor MIRT DIF model produced better estimates of DIF magnitude and higher DIF detection rates than the traditional IRT DIF model for all simulation conditions. A real data analysis was also conducted by applying the proposed DIF model to a statewide reading assessment data set.

scholarly journals Detecting Differential Item Functioning Using Multiple-Group Cognitive Diagnosis Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Author(s):  
Wenchao Ma ◽  
Ragip Terzi ◽  
Jimmy de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Cognitive Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wald Tests ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Item Functioning

This study proposes a multiple-group cognitive diagnosis model to account for the fact that students in different groups may use distinct attributes or use the same attributes but in different manners (e.g., conjunctive, disjunctive, and compensatory) to solve problems. Based on the proposed model, this study systematically investigates the performance of the likelihood ratio (LR) test and Wald test in detecting differential item functioning (DIF). A forward anchor item search procedure was also proposed to identify a set of anchor items with invariant item parameters across groups. Results showed that the LR and Wald tests with the forward anchor item search algorithm produced better calibrated Type I error rates than the ordinary LR and Wald tests, especially when items were of low quality. A set of real data were also analyzed to illustrate the use of these DIF detection procedures.

scholarly journals Determining differential item functioning and its effect on the test scores of selected pib indexes, using item response theory techniques

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Item Functioning

The objective of this article is to present the results of an investigation into the item and test characteristics of two tests of the Potential Index Batteries (PIB) in terms of differential item functioning (DIP) and the effect thereof on test scores of different race groups. The English Vocabulary (Index 12) and Spelling Tests (Index 22) of the PIB were analysed for white, black and coloured South Africans. Item response theory (IRT) methods were used to identify items which function differentially for white, black and coloured race groups. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die resultate van n ondersoek na die item- en toetseienskappe van twee PIB (Potential Index Batteries) toetse in terme van itemsydigheid en die invloed wat dit op die toetstellings van rassegroepe het, weer te gee. Die Potential Index Batteries (PIB) se Engelse Woordeskat (Index 12) en Spellingtoetse (Index 22) is ten opsigte van blanke, swart en gekleurde Suid-Afrikaners ontleed. Itemresponsteorie (IRT) is gebruik om items te identifiseer wat as sydig (DIP) vir die onderskeie rassegroepe beskou kan word.

scholarly journals Differential item functioning of the Boston Naming Test in cognitively normal African American and Caucasian older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
OTTO PEDRAZA ◽  
NEILL R. GRAFF-RADFORD ◽  
GLENN E. SMITH ◽  
ROBERT J. IVNIK ◽  
FLOYD B. WILLIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Item Response Theory ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Naming Test

AbstractScores on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) are frequently lower for African American when compared with Caucasian adults. Although demographically based norms can mitigate the impact of this discrepancy on the likelihood of erroneous diagnostic impressions, a growing consensus suggests that group norms do not sufficiently address or advance our understanding of the underlying psychometric and sociocultural factors that lead to between-group score discrepancies. Using item response theory and methods to detect differential item functioning (DIF), the current investigation moves beyond comparisons of the summed total score to examine whether the conditional probability of responding correctly to individual BNT items differs between African American and Caucasian adults. Participants included 670 adults age 52 and older who took part in Mayo’s Older Americans and Older African Americans Normative Studies. Under a two-parameter logistic item response theory framework and after correction for the false discovery rate, 12 items where shown to demonstrate DIF. Of these 12 items, 6 (“dominoes,” “escalator,” “muzzle,” “latch,” “tripod,” and “palette”) were also identified in additional analyses using hierarchical logistic regression models and represent the strongest evidence for race/ethnicity-based DIF. These findings afford a finer characterization of the psychometric properties of the BNT and expand our understanding of between-group performance. (JINS, 2009, 15, 758–768.)

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