Specification of Road Traffic Signal Light Intensity

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Cole ◽  
Brian Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Background Luminance ◽  
Signal Light ◽  
Threshold Criterion ◽  
Reported Data

In a previous communication we reported data supporting the recommendation that a red road traffic signal should have an intensity of 200 cd for optimum recognition from 100 m when the signal is seen against a very bright sky (104cd/m2). This confirmed the earlier result of Boisson and Pagès. The present paper extends the data to include (a) the effect of signal size on optimum signal intensity for a practical range of angular diameters (4.1 to 16.5 min of arc), and (b) the effect of background luminance for a range of luminances of 1.5 ft-L to 2250 ft-L. The results show that optimum signal intensity is independent of signal size and that spatial summation by the visual system is complete. However the same data demonstrate a failure of spatial summation when a conventional threshold criterion (probability of seeing the signal 0.5) is used. It is shown that smaller signals will be more effective than larger ones of the same intensity if their intensity is less than optimum. Optimum signal intensity is shown to be a linear function of background luminances greater than 10 ft-L. A graph relating optimum signal intensity to signalling range for various background luminances summarises the experimental data.

scholarly journals Visibility of Road Traffic Signal Light

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
H. Masaki ◽  
T. Furuya ◽  
H. Tujimoto ◽  
T. Kaiya ◽  
J. Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Light

Temperature Measurements of a Gold Nanosphere Solution in Response to Light-Induced Hyperthermia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kai Wong ◽  
Robert Taylor ◽  
Sungchul Baek ◽  
Yasitha Hewakuruppu ◽  
Xuchuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
High Power ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lamp Source

Gold nanospheres (GNSs), biocompatible nanoparticles that can be designed to absorb visible and near-infrared light, have shown great potential in induced thermal treatment of cancer cells via Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy (PPTT) [3]. In this study, light induced heating of a water-based dispersion of 20 nm diameter GNSs was investigated at their plasmon resonance wavelength (λ = 520 nm). Temperature changes of the solution at the point of light irradiation were measured experimentally. A heat transfer model was used to verify the experimental data. The effect of two key parameters, light intensity and particle concentration, on the solution’s temperature was investigated. The experimental results showed a significant temperature rise of the GNS solution compared to de-ionized water. The temperature rise of GNS solution was linearly proportional to the concentration of GNS (from 0.25–1.0 C, C = 1×1013 particles per ml) and the light intensity (from 0.25 to 0.5 W cm−2). The experimental data matches the modeling results adequately. Overall, it can be concluded that the hyperthermic ablation of cancer cells via GNS can be achieved by controlled by the light intensity and GNS concentration. A novel component of this study is that a high power lamp source was used instead of a high power laser. This means that only low cost components were used in the current experimental set-up. Moreover, by using suitable filters and white light from the high power lamp source, it is possible to obtain light in many wavelength bands for the study of other nanoparticles with different plasmon wavelength ranges. The current results represtent just one example in this versatile experimental set-up developed. It should be noted, however, the plasmon resonance wavelength used in this study is not within the therapeutic window (750–1300 nm) [13]. Therefore, the GNSs used in this experiment are only applicable to the surface induced thermal treatment of cancer cells, for instance, in the skin.

OBELISC: Oscillator-Based Modelling and Control Using Efficient Neural Learning for Intelligent Road Traffic Signal Calculation

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-452
Author(s):  
Cristian Axenie ◽  
Rongye Shi ◽  
Daniele Foroni ◽  
Alexander Wieder ◽  
Mohamad Al Hajj Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Neural Learning ◽  
And Control

LED traffic signal light which considered people of a low vision

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaburaki ◽  
Y. Nakashima ◽  
M. Takamatsu ◽  
K. Mima ◽  
S. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Low Vision ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
Signal Light

Exploration of Parameter Factor in the RSSI Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1822-1831
Author(s):  
Zhi Chao Cao ◽  
De Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Distance Signal ◽  
Variation Tendency

In order to increasing accuracy of the RSSI model and reduce error of parameter factors, the paper analyses and optimizes empirical models through the experimental calculation. It simply fits and compares different regression analysis of the RSSI model firstly, and then explores the rule of environmental factor n and shadowing factor η of RSSI experience model with average error respectively, based on the objective of the experimental data. Using the rule and experimental data, it can optimize RSSI model and improve precision. Empirical results show that optimization theory demonstrates variation tendency of environmental factor n, shadowing factor η with distance, signal intensity in the optimization of RSSI model. The contradiction between errors and parameter factors can be solved effectively by the function-based RSSI model throughout simple measures.

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